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Hydrogen energy systems: Technologies, trends, and future prospects

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Sadeq, Abdellatif M., Homod, Raad Z., Hussein, Ahmed Kadhim, Togun, Hussein, Mahmoodi, Armin, Isleem, Haytham F., Patil, Amit R., Moghaddam, Amin Hedayati·2024·Science of The Total Environment
DOI 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173622
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Abstract

This review critically examines hydrogen energy systems, highlighting their capacity to transform the global energy framework and mitigate climate change. Hydrogen showcases a high energy density of 120 MJ/kg, providing a robust alternative to fossil fuels. Adoption at scale could decrease global CO2 emissions by up to 830 million tonnes annually. Despite its potential, the expansion of hydrogen technology is curtailed by the inefficiency of current electrolysis methods and high production costs. Presently, electrolysis efficiencies range between 60 % and 80 %, with hydrogen production costs around $5 per kilogram. Strategic advancements are necessary to reduce these costs below $2 per kilogram and push efficiencies above 80 %. Additionally, hydrogen storage poses its own challenges, requiring conditions of up to 700 bar or temperatures below −253 °C. These storage conditions necessitate the development of advanced materials and infrastructure improvements. The findings of this study emphasize the need for comprehensive strategic planning and interdisciplinary efforts to maximize hydrogen's role as a sustainable energy source. Enhancing the economic viability and market integration of hydrogen will depend critically on overcoming these technological and infrastructural challenges, supported by robust regulatory frameworks. This comprehensive approach will ensure that hydrogen energy can significantly contribute to a sustainable and low-carbon future.

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Cited by

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Metadata

Authors
Sadeq, A. M., Homod, R. Z., Hussein, A. K., Togun, H., Mahmoodi, A., Isleem, H. F., Patil, A. R., & Moghaddam, A. H.
Venue
Science of The Total Environment
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2024-08
Volume
939
Pages
173622
ISSN
0048-9697 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173622
OpenAlex
W4399143104
Cited by
528
References
203
FWCI
41.63
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid
Licence
Funders
Qatar National Library

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Sadeq, A. M., Homod, R. Z., Hussein, A. K., Togun, H., Mahmoodi, A., Isleem, H. F., Patil, A. R., & Moghaddam, A. H. (2024). Hydrogen energy systems: Technologies, trends, and future prospects. Science of The Total Environment. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.scitotenv.2024.173622

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