Diabetes and the Gut Microbiome
Open accessAbstract
Gut dysbiosis in diabetes mellitus is associated with decreased short-chain fatty acids and epithelial barrier disruption. Microbial-derived toxins move across the "leaky gut" and incur systemic inflammation and insulin resistance. In children, gut dysbiosis has been associated with risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus. In animal models, the obesity phenotype is transferable via microbiota transplantation. Plant-based low protein diets and certain anti-diabetic drugs have been associated with positive microbiome effects. Clinical trials with prebiotics and probiotics have yielded mixed results. Further investigations are needed to evaluate the gut microbiome as a potential therapeutic target for diabetes prevention and management.
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BLS outperforms SEPP on many variables, including several linked to gut microbe diversity and human health.
“We observed that BLS outperforms SEPP on many variables, including several that have been linked to gut microbe diversity and human health25,39–42.”
From Improving microbial phylogeny with citizen science within a mass-market video game (2025) · cites this paper as [40]
Cites
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“Probiotic trials involving several hundred pregnant women did not show a benefit for preventing gestational diabetes.(68,69) Other small studies of probiotics in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus have not shown consistent benefit in terms of improving glycemic or lipid profiles.”
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Rhee, C. M., Wang, A. Y.-M., Biruete, A., Kistler, B., Kovesdy, C. P., Zarantonello, D., Ko, G. J., Piccoli, G. B., Garibotto, G., Brunori, G., et al. (2023) · Journal of Renal Nutrition · doi:10.1053/j.jrn.2023.06.010 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Self-citationImproving microbial phylogeny with citizen science within a mass-market video game
Sarrazin-Gendron, R., Ghasemloo Gheidari, P., Butyaev, A., Keding, T., Cai, E., Zheng, J., Mutalova, R., Mounthanyvong, J., Zhu, Y., Nazarova, E., et al. (2025) · Nature Biotechnology · doi:10.1038/s41587-024-02175-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
- Authors
- Lau, W. L., Tran, T., Rhee, C. M., Kalantar-Zadeh, K., & Vaziri, N. D.
- Affiliations
- University of California, Irvine (US)
- Corresponding author
- Lau, Wei Ling
- Venue
- Seminars in Nephrology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-03
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 104-113
- ISSN
- 0270-9295 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3168105334
- Cited by
- 65
- References
- 11
- Citations by year
- 2026: 8 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 21 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 4 · 2021: 1
- FWCI
- 0.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- escholarship.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Seminars in Nephrology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- eScholarship (California Digital Library) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- Funders
- National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases (R01DK124138, R01DK122767, R03DK114642, K24DK091419, U01DK102163)
- National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke (R01NS113337)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Gut microbiota and health
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Gastroenterology › Gastrointestinal motility and disorders
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Probiotics and Fermented Foods
- Keywords
- gut microbiota, diabetes mellitus, gut dysbiosis, short-chain fatty acids, epithelial barrier disruption, leaky gut, microbial toxins, systemic inflammation, insulin resistance, type 1 diabetes, obesity, microbiota transplantation, antidiabetic drugs, prebiotics, probiotics, diabetes prevention
- MeSH terms
- Gastrointestinal Microbiome, Animals, Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2, Humans, Probiotics, Prebiotics, Dysbiosis
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