Time structure of leg movement activity during sleep in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder and effects of levodopa
Abstract
Objectives To evaluate the leg movement (LM) time structure (periodicity and night distribution) during sleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and their eventual changes after treatment with levodopa (L-DOPA).Subjects and methods One group of ADHD patients (n=18) and another group of normal controls (n=17) were recruited; those with ADHD were randomized to L-DOPA or placebo therapy. At baseline (both groups) and after therapy (only patients) subjects underwent full-night polysomnography (PSG) and the leg motor pattern was evaluated with advanced tools of analysis particularly able to detect and describe LM time structure (periodicity and distribution).Results With respect to controls ADHD children showed prolonged sleep latency, increased number of stage shifts, awakenings, and percentage of sleep stage 1. Arousal index was higher in ADHD and also their PLMS index was slightly but considerably higher than controls; however, their periodicity was low and not different from controls. Only sleep latency was significantly reduced by L-DOPA treatment with all the other parameters (sleep scoring and LM activity) remaining substantially unmodified.Conclusions LMs during sleep in children with ADHD do not show a highly periodic character and are not considerably modified by L-DOPA treatment; this finding has potential implications for drug treatment that might target the most prominent changes observed in our study including arousals and sleep structure disruption.
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A subsequent subgroup analysis of the levodopa study failed to confirm the effect of levodopa on PLMS.
“However, a subsequent subgroup analysis of this study failed to confirm the effect of levodopa on PLMS (Ferri et al. 2013).”
From Associations of sleep disturbance with ADHD: implications for treatment (2015) · cites this paper as Ferri et al. 2013
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Garbazza, C., & Hackethal, S. (2019) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsz155
Restless Legs Syndrome and Periodic Leg Movements of Sleep
DelRosso, L. M., & Ferri, R. (2021) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-65574-7_31
Self-citationSleep in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder
Ekambaram, V., & Owens, J. A. (2021) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-822963-7.00077-3
- Authors
- Ferri, R., Bruni, O., Novelli, L., Picchietti, M. A., & Picchietti, D. L.
- Affiliations
- Oasi Maria SS (IT)
- Sapienza University of Rome (IT)
- Southern Illinois University Carbondale (US)
- Carle Foundation Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Ferri, Raffaele
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-04
- Volume
- 14
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 359-366
- ISSN
- 1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2044847777
- Cited by
- 43
- References
- 58
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 1 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 4 · 2017: 3 · 2016: 7 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 4 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 3.78
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Licence
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Adelaide Research & Scholarship (AR&S) (University of Adelaide) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS Research product catalog (Sapienza University of Rome) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (R01 NS4 0829-02)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Restless Legs Syndrome Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Keywords
- attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, periodic limb movements, levodopa, sleep latency, arousal, sleep architecture, children, polysomnography
- MeSH terms
- Attention Deficit Disorder with Hyperactivity, Child, Electroencephalography, Female, Humans, Levodopa, Male, Restless Legs Syndrome, Sleep, Dopamine Agents, Treatment Outcome, Polysomnography, Nocturnal Myoclonus Syndrome
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