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Cited by 47Sleep and related disordersCircadian rhythm and melatoninSleep and Wakefulness Research

Criteria for nap identification in infants and young children using 24-h actigraphy and agreement with parental diary.

Galland, Barbara, Meredith-Jones, Kim, Gray, Andrew, Sayers, Rachel, Lawrence, Julie, Taylor, Barry, Taylor, Rachael·2016·Sleep Medicine
DOI 10.1016/j.sleep.2015.10.013
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Abstract

Study objectives The study aimed to determine if an automated algorithm, capable of batch scoring, could extract naps and other 24-h sleep-wake variables from actigraphy without the need for parental sleep diaries, which rely heavily on parental awareness of child sleep.Design A cross-sectional design was used for the study.Setting The study examined healthy infants/children in their home setting.Participants A total of 160 infants/children in five age groups (6 months, and 1, 2, 3½ and 5 years) participated in the study.Measurements and results Participants wore actigraphs for 5-7 days, and parents completed sleep diaries over 2 consecutive days. Three criteria were applied to find the minimum sleep time (20, 30 and 40 min) yielding the best nap agreement between diaries and actigraphy for nap/no-nap identification. Best agreements were 72.1% (20 min minimum), 78.4% (20 min), 91.0% (30 min) and 93.3% (30 min) for ages 6 months, 1, 2 and 3½ years, respectively. Kappa statistics classified nap-nap agreement as 'slight' for 6-month data but 'moderate' or 'almost perfect' for older age groups. The number of daytime naps extracted at each age group yielded no significant discrepancies between the methods. Diaries generally returned significantly earlier sleep onset, later sleep offset, longer sleep duration and fewer night wakings at 6 months and 1 and 2 years, but this was not significant at 3½ or 5 years of age.Conclusions Minimum age-specific sleep time thresholds are recommended to improve nap identification in actigraphy across infant and toddler age groups. The findings strengthen our confidence in the ability to collect actigraphy data in the absence of parental diaries, in 3½- and 5-year-olds, at least.

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  • Wearable cameras that take regular photographs offer a suitable alternative but have not yet been used in sleep studies.

    “Wearable cameras that take regular photographs offer a suitable alternative25,26 but have not yet been used in sleep studies.”

    From Screen Use at Bedtime and Sleep Duration and Quality Among Youths (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

  • Several observational studies using wearable image cameras to describe screen time did not investigate associations with sleep outcomes.

    “Furthermore, although several observational studies used wearable image cameras to describe screen time,25,26,39,40 they did not investigate associations with sleep outcomes.”

    From Screen Use at Bedtime and Sleep Duration and Quality Among Youths (2024) · cites this paper as [26]

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Authors
Galland, B., Meredith-Jones, K., Gray, A., Sayers, R., Lawrence, J., Taylor, B., & Taylor, R.
Affiliations
University of Otago (NZ)
Corresponding author
Galland, Barbara
ORCID
Venue
Sleep Medicine
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2016-03
Volume
19
Pages
85-92
ISSN
1389-9457 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.sleep.2015.10.013
OpenAlex
W2120789840
Cited by
47
References
42
Citations by year
2026: 4 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 1 · 2013: 1
FWCI
4.02
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Sleep Medicine (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
Health Research Council of New Zealand
Topics
  • Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
  • Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords
actigraphy, infant sleep, toddler sleep, nocturnal awakenings, home sleep monitoring
MeSH terms
Age Factors, Algorithms, Child, Preschool, Circadian Rhythm, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Infant, Male, Parents, Sex Factors, Sleep, Wakefulness, Actigraphy, Self Report

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