Cited by 324Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueCircadian rhythm and melatonin

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Long sleep and mortality: rationale for sleep restriction

Youngstedt, Shawn D., Kripke, Daniel F.·2004·Sleep Medicine Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2003.10.002

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Abstract

Epidemiologic studies have consistently shown that sleeping >8 h per night is associated with increased mortality. Indeed, the most recent American Cancer Society data of 1.1 million respondents showed that sleeping longer than 7.5 h was associated with approximately 5% of the total mortality of the sample. The excess mortality was found even after controlling for 32 potentially confounding risk factors. Although epidemiologic data cannot prove that long sleep duration causes mortality, there is sufficient evidence to warrant future testing of the hypothesis that mild sleep restriction would decrease mortality in long sleepers. Sleep restriction might resemble dietary restriction as a potential aid to survival. Sleep restriction has several potential benefits besides possible enhanced survival. Acute sleep restriction can have dramatic antidepressant effects. Also, chronic sleep restriction is perhaps the most effective treatment for primary insomnia. Conversely, spending excessive time in bed can elicit daytime lethargy and exacerbate sleep fragmentation, resulting in a vicious cycle of further time in bed and further sleep fragmentation. Sleep restriction may be most beneficial for older adults, who tend to spend excessive time in bed and have more sleep fragmentation compared with young adults.

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“Dozens of studies, spanning over 40 years and multiple continents, have reliably documented that self-reported short and long sleep durations are associated with increased mortality risk [1,2].”
Background
Epidemiology of Insufficient Sleep
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The Effects of Sleep Restriction-Emphasized Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia on Sleep with Chronic Insomniacs: A Preliminary Study
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“WASO가 길어질 뿐 아니라 수면분절(sleep fragmentation)이 나타나서 주간 피로감이 더 증가한다.(15) 심지어 불면 증이 없는 건강한 성인을 대상으로 총 침상시간을 연장시킨”
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Background
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“This finding aligns with previous studies suggesting that excessive sleep may serve as a marker of underlying health conditions rather than a cause for it (Youngstedt and Kripke, 2004).”
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Sleep Duration, Diet Quality and Type 2 Diabetes
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Authors: Youngstedt, S. D., & Kripke, D. F.
Affiliations: University of South Carolina (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Youngstedt, Shawn D.
ORCID: Kripke, Daniel F.
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2004-06
Volume: 8
Issue: 3
Pages: 159-174
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2003.10.002
OpenAlex: W2081485580
Cited by: 324
References: 105
Citations by year: 2026: 4 · 2025: 15 · 2024: 12 · 2023: 9 · 2022: 15 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 21 · 2019: 17 · 2018: 17 · 2017: 23 · 2016: 19 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 13 · 2013: 21 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 13.23
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Scholar Commons (University of South Carolina) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health
National Institute on Aging (R01AG012364, AG-12364)
National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (HL-71560, R01HL071560)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Endocrine and Autonomic Systems › Circadian rhythm and melatonin
Keywords: long sleep, mortality, sleep restriction, excessive sleep, time in bed, sleep fragmentation, insomnia treatment, dietary restriction, older adults
MeSH terms: Aging, Antidepressive Agents, Circadian Rhythm, Humans, Sleep Wake Disorders, Time Factors, Polysomnography

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Long sleep and mortality: rationale for sleep restriction

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