Who are the long sleepers? Towards an understanding of the mortality relationship

Grandner, Michael A.; Drummond, Sean P.A.

doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.010

Cited by 432Sleep and related disordersSleep and Work-Related FatigueSleep and Wakefulness Research

Who are the long sleepers? Towards an understanding of the mortality relationship

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Grandner, Michael A., Drummond, Sean P.A.·2007·Sleep Medicine Reviews

DOI 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.010PMC PMC3755488

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Abstract

While much is known about the negative health implications of insufficient sleep, relatively little is known about risks associated with excessive sleep. However, epidemiological studies have repeatedly found a mortality risk associated with reported habitual long sleep. This paper will summarize and describe the numerous studies demonstrating increased mortality risk associated with long sleep. Although these studies establish a mortality link, they do not sufficiently explain why such a relationship might occur. Possible mechanisms for this relationship will be proposed and described, including (1) sleep fragmentation, (2) fatigue, (3) immune function, (4) photoperiodic abnormalities, (5) lack of challenge, (6) depression, or (7) underlying disease process such as (a) sleep apnea, (b) heart disease, or (c) failing health. Following this, we will take a step back and carefully consider all of the historical and current literature regarding long sleep, to determine whether the scientific evidence supports these proposed mechanisms and ascertain what future research directions may clarify or test these hypotheses regarding the relationship between long sleep and mortality.

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Although some studies have suggested potential reasons why longer sleep durations may be harmful, the panel was unable to come to a consensus regarding biologically plausible pathways by which long sleep could explicitly cause poor health.
“Further, although some studies have suggested potential reasons why longer sleep durations may be harmful,114 the panel was unable to come to a consensus regarding biologically plausible pathways by which long sleep could explicitly cause poor health (acknowledging that biological plausibility depends on knowledge available at the time).”
From Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion (2015) · cites this paper as [114]
There is still a lack of clarity on the biological plausibility of the long sleep relationship, although some ideas have been proposed.
“Also, there is still a lack of clarity on the biological plausibility of the long sleep relationship, although some ideas have been proposed.37,38”
From Sleep, Health, and Society (2017) · cites this paper as [38]

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Sleep Duration and Disease
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Sleep time and working conditions of office workers
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To Sleep, Perchance to Increase the Risk of Coronary Events
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Short sleep duration and health outcomes: a systematic review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression
Itani, O., Jike, M., Watanabe, N., & Kaneita, Y. (2017) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2016.08.006 · Cited by 1,252 · see citing works
Sleep duration and mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
GALLICCHIO, L., & KALESAN, B. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2008.00732.x · Cited by 979 · see citing works
Joint Consensus Statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the Recommended Amount of Sleep for a Healthy Adult: Methodology and Discussion
Panel, C. C., Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., et al. (2015) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.4886 · Cited by 906 · see citing works
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Long sleep duration and health outcomes: A systematic review, meta-analysis and meta-regression
Jike, M., Itani, O., Watanabe, N., Buysse, D. J., & Kaneita, Y. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2017.06.011 · Cited by 772 · see citing works
Sleep, Health, and Society
Grandner, M. A. (2017) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2016.10.012 · Cited by 720 · see citing works
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Sleep disturbances compared to traditional risk factors for diabetes development: systematic review and meta-analysis
Anothaisintawee, T., Reutrakul, S., Van Cauter, E., & Thakkinstian, A. (2016) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2015.10.002 · Cited by 640 · see citing works
Mortality associated with short sleep duration: The evidence, the possible mechanisms, and the future
Grandner, M. A., Hale, L., Moore, M., & Patel, N. P. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.07.006 · Cited by 602 · see citing works
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Joint consensus statement of the American Academy of Sleep Medicine and Sleep Research Society on the recommended amount of sleep for a healthy adult: methodology and discussion
Watson, N. F., Badr, M. S., Belenky, G., Bliwise, D. L., Buxton, O. M., Buysse, D., Dinges, D. F., Gangwisch, J., Grandner, M. A., Kushida, C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.4950 · Cited by 568 · see citing works
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Sleep and emotions: Bidirectional links and underlying mechanisms
Kahn, M., Sheppes, G., & Sadeh, A. (2013) · International Journal of Psychophysiology · doi:10.1016/j.ijpsycho.2013.05.010 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Self-reported sleep duration and quality and cardiovascular disease and mortality: a dose-response meta-analysis
Kwok, C. S., Kontopantelis, E., Kuligowski, G., Gray, M., Muhyaldeen, A., Gale, C. P., Peat, G. M., Cleator, J., Chew‐Graham, C., Loke, Y. K., et al. (2018) · Journal of the American Heart Association · doi:10.1161/jaha.118.008552 · Cited by 506 · see citing works
Sleep, Cognition, and Normal Aging
Scullin, M. K., & Bliwise, D. L. (2015) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691614556680 · Cited by 504 · see citing works
‘Sleep disparity’ in the population: poor sleep quality is strongly associated with poverty and ethnicity
Patel, N. P., Grandner, M. A., Xie, D., Branas, C. C., & Gooneratne, N. (2010) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/1471-2458-10-475 · Cited by 451 · see citing works
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Short and long sleep duration associated with race/ethnicity, sociodemographics, and socioeconomic position
Whinnery, J., Jackson, N., Rattanaumpawan, P., & Grandner, M. A. (2014) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.3508 · Cited by 423 · see citing works
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Sleeping hours: what is the ideal number and how does age impact this?
Chaput, J., Dutil, C., & Sampasa‐Kanyinga, H. (2018) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s163071 · Cited by 435 · see citing works
Behaviorally Assessed Sleep and Susceptibility to the Common Cold
Prather, A. A., Janicki‐Deverts, D., Hall, M. H., & Cohen, S. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4968 · Cited by 399 · see citing works
Sleep as a Potential Fundamental Contributor to Disparities in Cardiovascular Health
Jackson, C. L., Redline, S., & Emmons, K. M. (2015) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev-publhealth-031914-122838 · Cited by 388 · see citing works
The relationship of sleep duration and insomnia to risk of hypertension incidence: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Meng, L., Zheng, Y., & Hui, R. (2013) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2013.70 · Cited by 370 · see citing works
Epidemiological evidence for the link between sleep duration and high blood pressure: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Guo, X., Zheng, L., Wang, J., Zhang, X., Zhang, X., Li, J., & Sun, Y. (2013) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2012.12.001 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Sleep duration and mortality in the elderly: a systematic review with meta-analysis
da Silva, A. A., de Mello, R. G. B., Schaan, C. W., Fuchs, F. D., Redline, S. S., & Fuchs, S. C. P. C. (2016) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2015-008119 · Cited by 314 · see citing works
Dietary nutrients associated with short and long sleep duration. Data from a nationally representative sample
Grandner, M. A., Jackson, N., Gerstner, J. R., & Knutson, K. L. (2013) · Appetite · doi:10.1016/j.appet.2013.01.004 · Cited by 310 · see citing works
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Habitual sleep duration associated with self-reported and objectively determined cardiometabolic risk factors
Grandner, M. A., Chakravorty, S., Perlis, M. L., Oliver, L., & Gurubhagavatula, I. (2014) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2013.09.012 · Cited by 300 · see citing works
“Although several studies have identified risks associated with long sleep duration [61], our study did not detect any such risks.”
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Problems associated with short sleep: Bridging the gap between laboratory and epidemiological studies
Grandner, M. A., Patel, N. P., Gehrman, P. R., Perlis, M. L., & Pack, A. I. (2010) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2009.08.001 · Cited by 291 · see citing works
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Change in Sleep Duration and Cognitive Function: Findings from the Whitehall II Study
Ferrie, J. E., Shipley, M. J., Akbaraly, T. N., Marmot, M. G., Mika Kivimaki, B., & Singh‐Manoux, A. (2011) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/34.5.565 · Cited by 286 · see citing works
Traditional and Emerging Lifestyle Risk Behaviors and All-Cause Mortality in Middle-Aged and Older Adults: Evidence from a Large Population-Based Australian Cohort
Ding, D., Rogers, K. D., van der Ploeg, H. P., Stamatakis, E. A., & Bauman, A. E. (2015) · PLoS Medicine · doi:10.1371/journal.pmed.1001917 · Cited by 256 · see citing works
Sleep duration, cardiovascular disease, and proinflammatory biomarkers
Grandner, M., Sands-Lincoln, Pak, & Garland (2013) · Nature and Science of Sleep · doi:10.2147/nss.s31063 · Cited by 246 · see citing works
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Short sleep duration is associated with hypertension risk among adults: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Wang, Q., Xi, B., Liu, M., Zhang, Y., & Fu, M. (2012) · Hypertension Research · doi:10.1038/hr.2012.91 · Cited by 245 · see citing works
Association of Short and Long Sleep Duration With Amyloid-β Burden and Cognition in Aging
Winer, J. R., Deters, K., Kennedy, G., Jin, M., Goldstein‐Piekarski, A. N., Poston, K. L., & Mormino, E. C. (2021) · JAMA Neurology · doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2021.2876 · Cited by 242 · see citing works
Self‐reported sleep duration and cognitive functioning in the general population
Kronholm, E., Sallinen, M., Suutama, T., Sulkava, R. O., Era, P. A., & Partonen, T. (2009) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2009.00765.x · Cited by 232 · see citing works
Relationships among dietary nutrients and subjective sleep, objective sleep, and napping in women
Grandner, M. A., Kripke, D. F., Naidoo, N., & Langer, R. D. (2010) · Sleep Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.sleep.2009.07.014 · Cited by 219 · see citing works
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Sleep duration and all-cause mortality: a critical review of measurement and associations
Kurina, L. M., McClintock, M. K., Chen, J.-H., Waite, L. J., Thisted, R. A., & Lauderdale, D. S. (2013) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2013.03.015 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
How are age-related differences in sleep quality associated with health outcomes? An epidemiological investigation in a UK cohort of 2406 adults
Gadie, A., Shafto, M. A., Leng, Y., Cam-CAN, & Kievit, R. (2017) · BMJ Open · doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2016-014920 · Cited by 216 · see citing works
Sleeping at the Limits: The Changing Prevalence of Short and Long Sleep Durations in 10 Countries
Bin, Y. S., Marshall, N. S., & Glozier, N. (2013) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kws308 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and Biomarkers of Inflammation in a Taiwanese Population
Dowd, J. B., Goldman, N., & Weinstein, M. (2011) · Annals of Epidemiology · doi:10.1016/j.annepidem.2011.07.004 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Age and Sleep Disturbances Among American Men And Women: Data From the U.S. Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System
Grandner, M. A., Martin, J. L., Patel, N. P., JACKSON, N. J., Gehrman, P., Pien, G. W., Perlis, M. L., Xie, D., Sha, D., Weaver, T. E., et al. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1704 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
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Sleep duration, insomnia, and markers of systemic inflammation: Results from the Netherlands Study of Depression and Anxiety (NESDA)
Prather, A. A., Vogelzangs, N., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2015) · Journal of Psychiatric Research · doi:10.1016/j.jpsychires.2014.09.018 · Cited by 181 · see citing works
Sleep duration, sleep quality and cardiovascular disease mortality among the elderly: A population-based cohort study
Suzuki, E., Yorifuji, T., Ueshima, K., Takao, S., Sugiyama, M., Ohta, T., Ishikawa‐Takata, K., & Doi, H. (2009) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2009.06.016 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Sleep, Health, and Society
Grandner, M. A. (2022) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2022.03.001 · Cited by 179 · see citing works
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Macro and micro sleep architecture and cognitive performance in older adults
Djonlagic, I. E., Mariani, S., Fitzpatrick, A. L., van der Klei, V. M. G. T. H., Johnson, D. A., Wood, A. C., Seeman, T. E., Nguyen, H. T., Prerau, M. J., Luchsinger, J. A., et al. (2020) · Nature Human Behaviour · doi:10.1038/s41562-020-00964-y · Cited by 173 · see citing works
Sleep Duration and Mortality: A Prospective Study of 113,138 Middle-Aged and Elderly Chinese Men and Women
Cai, H., Shu, X., Xiang, Y., Yang, G., Li, H., Ji, B., Gao, J., Gao, Y., & Zheng, W. (2015) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.4564 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Sleep Duration and Mortality According to Health Status in Older Adults
Mesas, A. E., López‐García, E., León-Muñoz, L. M., Guallar‐Castillón, P., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2010) · Journal of the American Geriatrics Society · doi:10.1111/j.1532-5415.2010.03071.x · Cited by 163 · see citing works
Health risk behaviours and allostatic load: A systematic review
Suvarna, B., Suvarna, A., Phillips, R., Juster, R., McDERMOTT, B. M., & Sarnyai, Z. (2019) · Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.neubiorev.2019.12.020 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
Major Depression: One Brain, One Disease, One Set of Intertwined Processes
Filatova, E. V., Shadrina, M. I., & Slominsky, P. A. (2021) · Cells · doi:10.3390/cells10061283 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Association between short and long sleep durations and cardiovascular outcomes: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Krittanawong, C., Tunhasiriwet, A., Wang, Z., Zhang, H., Farrell, A. M., Chirapongsathorn, S., Sun, T., Kitai, T., & Argulian, E. (2017) · European Heart Journal Acute Cardiovascular Care · doi:10.1177/2048872617741733 · Cited by 162 · see citing works
Association between sleep duration and metabolic syndrome: a cross-sectional study
Kim, C. E., Shin, S., Lee, H.-W., Lim, J., Lee, J., Shin, A., & Kang, D. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5557-8 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Sleep Duration and Total and Cause-Specific Mortality in a Large US Cohort: Interrelationships With Physical Activity, Sedentary Behavior, and Body Mass Index
Xiao, Q., Keadle, S. K., Hollenbeck, A. R., & Matthews, C. E. (2014) · American Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.1093/aje/kwu222 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Sleep Disturbances as a Risk Factor for Stroke
Koo, D. L., Nam, H., THOMAS, R. J., & Yun, C. (2018) · Journal of Stroke · doi:10.5853/jos.2017.02887 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Sleep Duration, Insomnia, and Coronary Heart Disease Among Postmenopausal Women in the Women's Health Initiative
Sands‐Lincoln, M., Loucks, E. B., Lü, B., Carskadon, M. A., Sharkey, K. M., Stefanick, M. L., Ockene, J. K., Shah, N. A., Hairston, K. G., Robinson, J. G., et al. (2013) · Journal of Women s Health · doi:10.1089/jwh.2012.3918 · Cited by 140 · see citing works
Sleep, Health, and Society
Grandner, M. A. (2020) · Sleep Medicine Clinics · doi:10.1016/j.jsmc.2020.02.017 · Cited by 139 · see citing works
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Sleep duration and metabolic syndrome: An updated systematic review and meta-analysis
Xie, J., Li, Y., Zhang, Y., Vgontzas, A. N., Basta, M., Chen, B., Chong-tao, X., & Tang, X. (2021) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2021.101451 · Cited by 143 · see citing works
The Social Patterning of Sleep in African Americans: Associations of Socioeconomic Position and Neighborhood Characteristics with Sleep in the Jackson Heart Study
Johnson, D. A., Lisabeth, L. D., Hickson, D. A., Johnson‐Lawrence, V., Samdarshi, T. E., Taylor, H. A., & Roux, A. V. D. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.6106 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Sleep duration and metabolic syndrome in adult populations: a meta-analysis of observational studies
Ju, S.-Y., & Choi, W.-S. (2013) · Nutrition & Diabetes · doi:10.1038/nutd.2013.8 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Association of sleep duration and sleep quality with the physical, social, and emotional functioning among Australian adults
Lallukka, T. M., Sivertsen, B., Kronholm, E., Bin, Y. S., Øverland, S. N., & Glozier, N. (2018) · Sleep Health · doi:10.1016/j.sleh.2017.11.006 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Nighttime sleep duration, 24-hour sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality among adults: a meta-analysis of prospective cohort studies
Shen, X., Wu, Y., & Zhang, D. (2016) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep21480 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Dissociable effects of self-reported daily sleep duration on high-level cognitive abilities
Wild, C. J., Nichols, E. S., Battista, M. E., Stojanoski, B., & Owen, A. M. (2018) · Sleep · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsy182 · Cited by 123 · see citing works
Which Sleep Health Characteristics Predict All-Cause Mortality in Older Men? An Application of Flexible Multivariable Approaches
Wallace, M. L., Stone, K. L., Smagula, S. F., Hall, M. H., Şimşek, B., Kado, D. M., Redline, S. S., Vo, T., & Buysse, D. J. (2017) · SLEEP · doi:10.1093/sleep/zsx189 · Cited by 121 · see citing works
Short and long sleep duration are associated with prevalent cardiovascular disease in Australian adults
Magee, C., Kritharides, L., Attia, J., McElduff, P., & Banks, E. (2011) · Journal of Sleep Research · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2869.2011.00993.x · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Sleep Duration, Lifestyle Intervention, and Incidence of Type 2 Diabetes in Impaired Glucose Tolerance
Tuomilehto, H., Peltonen, M., Partinen, M., Lavigne, G. J., Eriksson, J. G., Herder, C., Aunola, S., Keinanen-Kiukaanniemi, S. M., Ilanne‐Parikka, P., Uusitupa, M. I. J., et al. (2009) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc08-1980 · Cited by 119 · see citing works
The Contribution of Psychosocial Stressors to Sleep among African Americans in the Jackson Heart Study
Johnson, D. A., Lisabeth, L. D., Lewis, T. T., Sims, M., Hickson, D. A., Samdarshi, T. E., Taylor, H. A., & Roux, A. V. D. (2016) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.5974 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Long sleep duration: A risk to health or a marker of risk?
Stamatakis, K. A., & Punjabi, N. M. (2007) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2007.07.006 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Sleep Duration, Nap Habits, and Mortality in Older Persons
Cohen‐Mansfield, J., & Perach, R. (2012) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.1970 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Suicidal ideation and suicide attempts: associations with sleep duration, insomnia, and inflammation
Dolsen, E. A., Prather, A. A., Lamers, F., & Penninx, B. W. J. H. (2020) · Psychological Medicine · doi:10.1017/s0033291720000860 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Sleep and survival among women with breast cancer: 30 years of follow-up within the Nurses’ Health Study
Trudel-Fitzgerald, C., Zhou, E. S., Poole, E. M., Zhang, X., Michels, K. B., Eliassen, A. H., Chen, W. Y., Holmes, M. D., Tworoger, S. S., & Schernhammer, E. S. (2017) · British Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1038/bjc.2017.85 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
The circadian clock protein REVERBα inhibits pulmonary fibrosis development
Cunningham, P. S., Meijer, P., Nazgiewicz, A., Anderson, S. G., Borthwick, L. A., Bagnall, J., Kitchen, G. B., Lodyga, M., Begley, N., Venkateswaran, R., et al. (2019) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1912109117 · Cited by 97 · see citing works
Sleep Duration, Sleep Quality, and Markers of Subclinical Arterial Disease in Healthy Men and Women
Kim, C., Chang, Y., Zhao, D., Cainzos‐Achirica, M., Ryu, S., Jung, H. S., Yun, K. E., Choi, Y., Ahn, J., Zhang, Y., et al. (2015) · Arteriosclerosis Thrombosis and Vascular Biology · doi:10.1161/atvbaha.115.306110 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
The association between sleep duration and cancer-specific mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
Stone, C. R., Haig, T. R., Fiest, K. M., McNeil, J., Brenner, D. R., & Friedenreich, C. M. (2019) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-019-01156-4 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Association between Sleep Duration and the Mini-Mental Score: The Northern Manhattan Study
Ramos, A. R., Dong, C., Elkind, M. S. V., Boden-Albala, B. M., Sacco, R. L., Rundek, T., & Wright, C. B. (2013) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.2834 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Cross-sectional association between outdoor artificial light at night and sleep duration in middle-to-older aged adults: The NIH-AARP Diet and Health Study
Xiao, Q., Gee, G. C., Jones, R. R., Jia, P., James, P., & Hale, L. E. (2019) · Environmental Research · doi:10.1016/j.envres.2019.108823 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Major depressive disorder: mechanism-based prescribing for personalized medicine
Lapolla, T., Saltiel, P. F., & Silvershein, D. I. (2015) · Neuropsychiatric Disease and Treatment · doi:10.2147/ndt.s73261 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Sleep Duration/Quality with Health Outcomes: An Umbrella Review of Meta-Analyses of Prospective Studies
Gao, C., Guo, J., Gong, T.-T., Lv, J.-L., Li, X.-Y., Liu, F.-H., Zhang, M., Shan, Y.-T., Zhao, Y.-H., & Wu, Q.-J. (2022) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2021.813943 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Addressing sleep disturbances: an opportunity to prevent cardiometabolic disease?
Grandner, M. A. (2014) · International Review of Psychiatry · doi:10.3109/09540261.2014.911148 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
“This may be due to the fact that long sleepers tend to be individuals who have excessive sleep opportunity and frequently include individuals who are retired, unemployed, or disabled (Grandner & Drummond, 2007; Patel et al., 2012).”
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Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Time in Bed as Predictors of Physical Function Decline: Results from the InCHIANTI Study
Stenholm, S., Kronholm, E., Bandinelli, S., Guralnik, J. M., & Ferrucci, L. (2011) · Sleep · doi:10.5665/sleep.1402 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
The Association of Sleep Duration, Mental Health, and Health Risk Behaviors among U.S. Afghanistan/Iraq Era Veterans
Swinkels, C. M., Ulmer, C. S., Beckham, J. C., Buse, N. A., the VA Mid-Atlantic MIRECC Registry Workgroup, & Calhoun, P. S. (2013) · SLEEP · doi:10.5665/sleep.2800 · Cited by 89 · see citing works
Update on Energy Homeostasis and Insufficient Sleep
Penev, P. D. (2012) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2012-1067 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Reported sleep duration reveals segmentation of the adult life-course into three phases
Coutrot, A., Lázár, A. S., Richards, M., Manley, E., Wiener, J. M., Dalton, R., Hornberger, M., & Spiers, H. J. (2022) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/s41467-022-34624-8 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Acute sleep deprivation is associated with increased arterial stiffness in healthy young adults
Sünbül, M., Kanar, B. G., Durmuş, E., Kıvrak, T., & Sarı, İ. (2013) · Sleep And Breathing · doi:10.1007/s11325-013-0873-9 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Can physical activity eliminate the mortality risk associated with poor sleep? A 15-year follow-up of 341,248 MJ cohort participants
Chen, L.-J., Hamer, M., Lai, Y.-J., Huang, B.-H., Ku, P.-W., & Stamatakis, E. (2022) · Journal of Sport and Health Science · doi:10.1016/j.jshs.2021.03.001 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Relationship of Sleep Duration with Sociodemographic Characteristics, Lifestyle, Mental Health, and Chronic Diseases in a Large Chinese Adult Population
Wang, S., Li, B., Wu, Y., Ungvari, G. S., Ng, C. H., Fu, Y., Kou, C., Yu, Y., Sun, H.-Q., & Xiang, Y. (2017) · Journal of Clinical Sleep Medicine · doi:10.5664/jcsm.6484 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Suicidal ideation in Veterans misusing alcohol: Relationships with insomnia symptoms and sleep duration
Chakravorty, S., Grandner, M. A., Mavandadi, S., Perlis, M. L., Berkowitz-Sturgis, E., & Oslin, D. W. (2013) · Addictive Behaviors · doi:10.1016/j.addbeh.2013.09.022 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
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Sleep duration and risk of all-cause mortality: a systematic review and meta-analysis
García‐Perdomo, H. A., Zapata-Copete, J. A., & Cerón, C. A. R. (2018) · Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences · doi:10.1017/s2045796018000379 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Insomnia increases risk for cardiovascular events in women and in men with low socioeconomic status: A longitudinal, register-based study
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Self-citation
Mortality associated with short sleep duration: The evidence, the possible mechanisms, and the future
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LONG SLEEP A GREATER MORTALITY RISK THAN SHORT SLEEP IN OLDER ADULTS
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Authors: Grandner, M. A., & Drummond, S. P. A.
Affiliations: San Diego State University (US)
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author: Grandner, Michael A.
ORCID: Grandner, Michael A.
Drummond, Sean P.A.
Venue: Sleep Medicine Reviews
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-10
Volume: 11
Issue: 5
Pages: 341-360
ISSN: 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.smrv.2007.03.010
PMC: PMC3755488
OpenAlex: W1987857642
Cited by: 432
References: 106
Citations by year: 2026: 16 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 25 · 2023: 43 · 2022: 33 · 2021: 39 · 2020: 33 · 2019: 24 · 2018: 26 · 2017: 27 · 2016: 25 · 2015: 24 · 2014: 15 · 2013: 32 · 2012: 10
FWCI: 1.16
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders: National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (T32HL007713)
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and Work-Related Fatigue
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
Keywords: long sleep, excessive sleep, mortality risk, sleep duration, sleep fragmentation, fatigue, immune function, depression, sleep apnea, heart disease
MeSH terms: Depression, Fatigue, Female, Health Status, Heart Diseases, Humans, Male, Risk Factors, Sleep, Sleep Apnea Syndromes, Sleep Wake Disorders, Sleep Stages, Comorbidity

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Who are the long sleepers? Towards an understanding of the mortality relationship

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