Obstructive sleep apnoea and schizophrenia — A research agenda
Abstract
Schizophrenia is associated with significantly increased physical morbidity and mortality particularly secondary to cardiometabolic disorders. In people with schizophrenia, rates of obesity and the metabolic syndrome are high compared to the general population. Whilst the weight gain secondary to antipsychotic medication is largely to blame, other factors include inactivity, poor diet and possibly the illness itself. Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is a common and frequently under-recognized condition which may be associated with disabling symptoms including daytime sleepiness, cognitive impairment, depression, anxiety and long term increases in morbidity and mortality secondary to cardiometabolic disease. As the primary risk factor is obesity, elevated rates of sleep apnoea would therefore seem likely in association with schizophrenia. Thus, OSA might represent a treatable cause of psychiatric and physical co-morbidity in patients with schizophrenia. A review of the literature revealed a paucity of quality research in this area. Available data suggest increased rates of sleep apnoea in schizophrenia and that psychotic symptoms may improve when co-morbid sleep apnoea is treated. Health practitioners may be unaware of the need to screen for sleep apnoea in patients with schizophrenia and the disorder may be significantly under-recognised. Research is required to clarify the epidemiology, consequences and management of sleep apnoea in association with schizophrenia.
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There is a possible direct contribution of particular antipsychotic medications to sleep apnoea via their effect on muscle tone in the upper airway.
“However there is a possible direct contribution of particular antipsychotic medications via their effect on muscle tone in the upper airway (Kalucy, Grunstein, Lambert, & Glozier, 2013).”
From The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as Kalucy, Grunstein, Lambert, & Glozier, 2013
No systematic trials have been undertaken to date on treatment of sleep apnoea in individuals with psychosis.
“yet no systematic trials have been undertaken to date (Kalucy et al., 2013, Waters et al., 2013).”
From The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review (2015) · cites this paper as Kalucy et al., 2013
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The role of sleep dysfunction in the occurrence of delusions and hallucinations: A systematic review
Reeve, S., Sheaves, B., & Freeman, D. (2015) · Clinical Psychology Review · doi:10.1016/j.cpr.2015.09.001 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Kalucy, M. J., Grunstein, R., Lambert, T., & Glozier, N.
- Affiliations
- Woolcock Institute of Medical Research (AU)
- The University of Sydney (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Kalucy, Megan J.
- ORCID
- Kalucy, Megan J.
- Venue
- Sleep Medicine Reviews
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-10
- Volume
- 17
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 357-365
- ISSN
- 1087-0792 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2053689448
- Cited by
- 55
- References
- 15
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 1 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 2
- FWCI
- 0.62
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Sleep Medicine Reviews (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea, schizophrenia, cardiometabolic disease, obesity, metabolic syndrome, antipsychotic-induced weight gain, sleep apnea screening, sleep apnea treatment, psychiatric comorbidity
- MeSH terms
- Humans, Risk Factors, Schizophrenia, Comorbidity, Prevalence, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive, Biomedical Research
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