Neuropsychological sequelae of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome: a critical review
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome (OSAHS) is a well-recognized clinical sleep disorder that results in chronically fragmented sleep and recurrent hypoxemia. The primary daytime sequelae of the disorder include patient reports of excessive daytime sleepiness, depression, and attention and concentration problems. It has been well established that OSAHS negatively impacts certain aspects of cognitive functioning. The primary goals of this article are to (1) clarify the pattern of cognitive deficits that are specific to OSAHS; (2) identify the specific cognitive domains that improve with treatment; and (3) elucidate the possible mechanisms of cognitive dysfunction in OSAHS. At the conclusion of the paper, we propose a potential neurofunctional theory to account for the etiology of cognitive deficits in OSAHS. Thirty-seven peer-reviewed articles were selected for this review. In general, findings were equivocal for most cognitive domains. Treatment, however, was noted to improve attention/vigilance in most studies and consistently did not improve constructional abilities or psychomotor functioning. The results are discussed in the context of a neurofunctional theory for the effects of OSAHS on the brain.
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The association between weight regain and reduced attention likely involves the return of comorbid medical conditions or independent effects of adiposity.
“The mechanisms for this association likely involve the return of comorbid medical conditions that adversely impact cognitive function (e.g., hypertension, diabetes, sleep apnea) or even from the independent effects of adiposity.28–31”
From Cognitive Function After Bariatric Surgery: Evidence for Improvement 3 Years After Surgery (2014) · cites this paper as [30]
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- Authors
- ALOIA, M. S., ARNEDT, J. T., DAVIS, J. D., RIGGS, R. L., & BYRD, D.
- Affiliations
- Brown University (US)
- Venue
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society
- Publisher
- Cambridge University Press (CUP)
- Published
- 2004-09
- Volume
- 10
- Issue
- 5
- Pages
- 772-785
- ISSN
- 1355-6177 (ISSN-L)
- 1469-7661
- OpenAlex
- W2030284843
- Cited by
- 391
- References
- 85
- Citations by year
- 2026: 5 · 2025: 12 · 2024: 2 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 16 · 2021: 25 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 11 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 39 · 2015: 15 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 34 · 2012: 28
- FWCI
- 1.09
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (R01HL067209, R01 HL67209)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Physiology › Obstructive Sleep Apnea Research
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Sleep and related disorders
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cognitive Neuroscience › Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Keywords
- obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome, cognitive impairment, neuropsychological sequelae, attention and vigilance, excessive daytime sleepiness, hypoxemia, sleep fragmentation, depression, constructional ability
- MeSH terms
- Attention, Cognition, Cognition Disorders, Diagnosis, Differential, Humans, Intelligence, Language, Memory, Neuropsychological Tests, Problem Solving, Psychomotor Performance, MEDLINE, Sleep Apnea, Obstructive
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