Eating-related pathology at the intersection of gender identity and expression, sexual orientation, and weight status: An intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) of the Growing Up Today Study cohorts
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The objective of this study was to investigate how gender identity, the overwhelmingly prioritized dimension of social identity/position in eating-related pathology research, intersects with gender expression, sexual orientation, and weight status to structure the social patterning of eating disorders and disordered eating behaviors among young people in the U.S. Data were drawn from the 2010/2011 Growing Up Today Study (GUTS; N = 11,090-13,307). We conducted an intersectional Multilevel Analysis of Individual Heterogeneity and Discriminatory Accuracy (MAIHDA) by nesting participants within social strata defined by intersecting gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, and weight status categories in a series of multilevel logistic models for four outcomes (past-year purging, overeating, and binge eating; lifetime eating disorder diagnosis). To illustrate the advantages of intersectional MAIHDA, we compared the results to those from unitary and conventional intersectional analyses. The intersectional MAIHDA revealed a complex social patterning of eating-related pathology characterized by heterogeneity and outcome-specificity. Several multiply marginalized strata (e.g., those including gender nonconforming, sexual minority, and/or larger-bodied girls/women) had disproportionately elevated prevalence, although all estimates were driven by additive effects. Notably, these patterns were obscured within the unitary and conventional intersectional analyses. Future epidemiologic research on eating-related pathology should continue to adopt an intersectional approach through the use of appropriate methodologies.
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Socio-cultural-political factors (e.g., gendered expectations, gender discrimination, sexual objectification, ableism) and traumatic experiences increase risk for ED development and influence treatment dropout.
“This gender and diagnostic skew is important as socio-cultural-political factors (i.e., gendered expectations, gender discrimination, sexual objectification, abelism) and traumatic experiences increase risk for ED development (e.g., [74–77]), and influence treatment dropout [78].”
From A lived experience response to the proposed diagnosis of terminal anorexia nervosa: learning from iatrogenic harm, ambivalence and enduring hope (2023) · cites this paper as [77]
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Burke, N. L., Yermash, J., Bidopia, T., & Karvay, Y. (2025) · Emerald Group Publishing Limited eBooks · doi:10.1108/979-8-88730-861-620251002
- Authors
- Beccia, A. L., Baek, J., Austin, S. B., Jesdale, W. M., & Lapane, K. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School (US)
- Brigham and Women's Hospital (US)
- Corresponding author
- Beccia, Ariel L.
- Venue
- Social Science & Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-07
- Volume
- 281
- Pages
- 114092
- ISSN
- 0277-9536 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC8372301
- OpenAlex
- W3170764303
- Cited by
- 53
- References
- 54
- Citations by year
- 2026: 10 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 11 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 10
- FWCI
- 5.46
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 343 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- Social Science & Medicine (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- eScholarship@UMassChan (submittedVersion)
- RePEc: Research Papers in Economics (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute (1U01HL145386-01)
- National Institute on Minority Health and Health Disparities (1F31MD015203-01A1)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Keywords
- eating disorders, disordered eating, intersectionality, gender identity, gender expression, sexual orientation, weight status, body size, youth, purging, binge eating, overeating, sexual minority youth, gender nonconforming youth, Growing Up Today Study, social patterning of health
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Feeding and Eating Disorders, Female, Gender Identity, Humans, Male, Sexual Behavior, Socioeconomic Factors, Multilevel Analysis
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