Cited by 1,590Soil Carbon and Nitrogen DynamicsSoil erosion and sediment transportSoil and Unsaturated Flow

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SOM fractionation methods: Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms

von Lützow, Margit, Kögel-Knabner, Ingrid, Ekschmitt, Klemens, Flessa, Heinz, Guggenberger, Georg, Matzner, Egbert, Marschner, Bernd·2007·Soil Biology and Biochemistry

DOI 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.007

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Abstract

Soil organic matter (SOM) consists of various functional pools that are stabilized by specific mechanisms and have certain turnover rates. For the development of mechanistic models that predict changes in SOM storage, these pools have to be quantified and characterized. In the past, numerous fractionation schemes have been developed to separate and analyse such SOM fractions. In this review, the SOM fractions obtained with such operational fractionation procedures are described in terms of their pool sizes, chemical properties, and turnover rates. The main objective of this review is to evaluate these operationally defined fractions with respect to their suitability to describe functional SOM pools that could be used to parameterize SOM turnover models. Fractionation procedures include (1) physical separation of SOM into aggregate, particle size, and density fractions and fractions according to their magnetic susceptibility, and (2) various wet chemical procedures that fractionate SOM according to solubility, hydrolysability, and resistance to oxidation or by destruction of the mineral phase. Furthermore, combinations of fractionation methods are evaluated. The active SOM pool with turnover rates <10 years may best be represented by the soil microbial biomass and the light fraction (<1.6-2 g cm-3) obtained by density fractionation (if black carbon contents are considered). Most chemical and physical fractionations as well as combinations of methods yield SOM fractions that are not homogeneous in terms of turnover rates. It has proven to be particularly difficult to isolate functional fractions that represent the passive model pools in which the majority of soil SOM is stabilized. The available fractionation methods do not correspond to specific stabilization mechanisms and hence do not describe functional SOM pools. Another problem is that comprehensive data for turnover rates and data for whole soil profiles are only now becoming available, especially for new fractionation methods. Such information as well as the use of specific markers and compound-specific isotope analysis may be important for future differentiation and evaluation of functional SOM fractions.

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Falloon, P., Smith, P., Coleman, K., & Marshall, S. J. (1998) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(97)00256-3 · Cited by 302
The ecology of temperate cereal fields
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Assessing the Reliability of Permanganate‐Oxidizable Carbon as an Index of Soil Labile Carbon
Tirol‐Padre, A., & Ladha, J. K. (2004) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2004.9690 · Cited by 299
Nitrogen efficiency in agricultural soils
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Comparison of Labile Soil Organic Matter Fractionation Techniques
McLauchlan, K. K., & Hobbie, S. E. (2004) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2004.1616 · Cited by 296
Influence of six crop species on aggregate stability and some labile organic matter fractions
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The use of stable carbon isotopes for estimating soil organic matter turnover rates
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Fate of particulate organic matter in soil aggregates during cultivation
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Movement and turnover of soil organic matter as indicated by carbon isotope measurements
O'Brien, B. J., & Stout, J. D. (1978) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(78)90028-7 · Cited by 283
Microbial biomass measurements in forest soils: Determination of kC values and tests of hypotheses to explain the failure of the chloroform fumigation-incubation method in acid soils
Vance, E. D., Brookes, P. C., & Jenkinson, D. S. (1987) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(87)90050-2 · Cited by 282
Soil organic matter
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Fate of carbon and nitrogen in water‐stable aggregates during decomposition of 13 C 15 N‐labelled wheat straw in situ
Angers, D. A., Recous, S., & Aita, C. (1997) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1997.tb00549.x · Cited by 277
The dynamics of carbon in particle-size fractions of soil in a forest-cultivation sequence
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Carbon Turnover in Soil Physical Fractions
Buyanovsky, G. A., Aslam, M., & Wagner, G. H. (1994) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1994.03615995005800040023x · Cited by 272
An Introduction to Organic Matter in Mineral Soils
Oades, J. (1989) · Soil Science Society of America book series · doi:10.2136/sssabookser1.2ed.c3 · Cited by 267
Modelling C and N turnover through the microbial biomass in soil
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An evaluation of methods for measuring the microbial biomass in soils following recent additions of wheat straw and the characterization of the biomass that develops
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A REVIEW OF SOME IMPORTANT FAMILIES OF REFRACTORY MACROMOLECULES: COMPOSITION, ORIGIN, AND FATE IN SOILS AND SEDIMENTS
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Particle Size Fractions and Their Use in Studies of Soil Organic Matter: I. The Nature and Distribution of Forms of Carbon, Nitrogen, and Sulfur
Anderson, D. W., Saggar, S., Bettany, J. R., & Stewart, J. W. (1981) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1981.03615995004500040018x · Cited by 253
Physical separation of soil organic matter
Elliott, E. T., & Cambardella, C. A. (1991) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/0167-8809(91)90124-g · Cited by 249
Seasonal variations in the chemical composition of dissolved organic matter in organic forest floor layer leachates of old-growth Scots pine (Pinus sylvestris L.) and European beech (Fagus sylvatica L.) stands in northeastern Bavaria, Germany
Kaiser, K., Guggenberger, G., Haumaier, L., & Zech, W. (2001) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1023/a:1010694032121 · Cited by 245
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Modelling organic matter dynamics in different soils.
Verberne, E. L. J., Hassink, J., de Willigen, P., Groot, J. J. R., & van Veen, J. A. (1990) · Netherlands Journal of Agricultural Science · doi:10.18174/njas.v38i3a.16585 · Cited by 245
Organo‐Mineral Complexes and Their Study by Radiocarbon Dating
Anderson, D. W., & Paul, E. A. (1984) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1984.03615995004800020014x · Cited by 243
Does the Acid Hydrolysis–Incubation Method Measure Meaningful Soil Organic Carbon Pools?
Paul, E. A., Morris, S. J., Conant, R. T., & Plante, A. F. (2006) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0103 · Cited by 237
HUMIC SUBSTANCES: CONSIDERATIONS OF COMPOSITIONS, ASPECTS OF STRUCTURE, AND ENVIRONMENTAL INFLUENCES
Hayes, M. H. B., & Clapp, C. E. (2001) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-200111000-00002 · Cited by 237
Source and turnover of organic matter in agricultural soils derived from n-alkane/n-carboxylic acid compositions and C-isotope signatures
Wiesenberg, G. L. B., Schwarzbauer, J., Schmidt, M. W. I., & Schwark, L. (2004) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(04)00122-6 · Cited by 237
Statistical Analysis of Published Carbon‐13 CPMAS NMR Spectra of Soil Organic Matter
Mahieu, N., Randall, E. W., & Powlson, D. S. (1999) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300020008x · Cited by 232
Organic matter in density fractions of water-stable aggregates in silty soils: Effect of land use
Yamashita, T., Flessa, H., John, B., Helfrich, M., & Ludwig, B. (2006) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.soilbio.2006.04.013 · Cited by 223
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Carbon-nitrogen relationships during the humification of cellulose in soils containing different amounts of clay
Sorensen, L. H. (1981) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(81)90068-7 · Cited by 221 · cited 1×
“due to microaggregation) and the adsorption of OM on mineral surfaces (Collins et al., 1999; Hassink et al., 1993; Kalbitz et al., 2005; Kleber et al., 2004; Laird et al., 2001; Sørensen, 1981; van Veen et al., 1985; Wattel-Koekkoek et al., 2003).”
Background
Microbial biomass formed from 14C, 15N-labelled plant material decomposing in soils in the field
Ladd, J. N., Oades, J., & Amato, M. (1981) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(81)90007-9 · Cited by 220
The Temperature Response of CO2 Production from Bulk Soils and Soil Fractions is Related to Soil Organic Matter Quality
Leifeld, J., & Fuhrer, J. (2005) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1007/s10533-005-2237-4 · Cited by 219
14C-labelled ryegrass turnover and residence times in soils varying in clay content and mineralogy
Saggar, S., Parshotam, A., Sparling, G. P., Feltham, C. W., & Hart, P. B. S. (1996) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(96)00250-7 · Cited by 218
Structural and dynamic properties of soil organic-matter as reflected by 13C natural-abundance, pyrolysis mass-spectrometry and solid-state 13C NMR-spectroscopy in density fractions of an oxisol under forest and pasture
Golchin, A., Oades, J., Skjemstad, J., et al. (1995) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr9950059 · Cited by 215
The effect of 10% HF treatment on the resolution of CPMAS 13C NMR spectra and on the quality of organic matter in Ferralsols
Gonçalves, C. N., Dalmolin, R. S. D., Dick, D. P., et al. (2003) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/s0016-7061(03)00119-8 · Cited by 215
Particulate and mineral-associated organic matter in water-stable aggregates as affected by mineral fertilizer and manure applications
Aoyama, M., Angers, D. A., & N'Dayegamiye, A. (1999) · Canadian Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.4141/s98-049 · Cited by 214
Content and composition of free and occluded particulate organic matter in a differently textured arable Cambisol as revealed by solid‐state 13C NMR spectroscopy
Kölbl, A., & Kögel‐Knabner, I. (2004) · Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science · doi:10.1002/jpln.200321185 · Cited by 214
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The effects of biocidal treatments on metabolism in soil—IV. The decomposition of fumigated organisms in soil
Jenkinson, D. S. (1976) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(76)90004-3 · Cited by 212
An Improved Pretreatment for Mineralogical analysis of Samples Containing Organic Matter
Anderson, J. U. (1961) · Clays and clay minerals (National Conference on Clays and Clay Minerals) · doi:10.1346/ccmn.1961.0100134 · Cited by 207
Diagnostic indicators of soil quality in productive and non-productive smallholders’ fields of Kenya’s Central Highlands
Murage, E. W., Karanja, N., Smithson, P. C., et al. (2000) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/s0167-8809(99)00142-5 · Cited by 205
Humus, Origin, Chemical Composition and Importance in Nature
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Stabilization of N-compounds in soil and organic-matter-rich sediments—what is the difference?
Knicker, H. (2004) · Marine Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.marchem.2004.06.025 · Cited by 202
Modelling the production and transport of dissolved organic carbon in forest soils
Michalzik, B., Tipping, E., MULDER, J. P. M., Gallardo, J. F., Matzner, E., Bryant, C., Clarke, N., Lofts, S., & Esteban, A. (2003) · Biogeochemistry · doi:10.1023/b:biog.0000005329.68861.27 · Cited by 200
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The chemical composition of measurable soil organic matter pools
Poirier, N., Sohi, S., Gaunt, J. L., Mahieu, N., Randall, E. W., Powlson, D. S., & Evershed, R. P. (2005) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.03.005 · Cited by 198
Stabilization of soil organic matter isolated via oxidative degradation
Eusterhues, K., Rumpel, C., & Kögel‐Knabner, I. (2005) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2005.06.010 · Cited by 197
Self-citation
Amorphous and condensed organic matter domains: the effect of persulfate oxidation on the composition of soil/sediment organic matter
Cuypers, C., Grotenhuis, J. T. C., Nierop, K. G. J., Franco, E. M., de Jager, A., & Rulkens, W. H. (2002) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(02)00123-6 · Cited by 197
Matching Measurable Soil Organic Matter Fractions with Conceptual Pools in Simulation Models of Carbon Turnover: Revision of Model Structure
Christensen, B. T. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61094-3_11 · Cited by 196
Mean residence time of soil organic matter associated with kaolinite and smectite
Wattel-Koekkoek, E. J. W., Buurman, P., van der Plicht, J., Wattel, E., & van Breemen, N. (2003) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00512.x · Cited by 187
STUDIES ON THE DECOMPOSITION OF C14 LABELLED ORGANIC MATTER IN SOIL
Jenkinson, D. S. (1971) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-197101000-00008 · Cited by 187
Changes in soil organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13C natural isotope abundance
Lefroy, R., Blair, G. J., & Strong, W. M. (1993) · Plant and Soil · doi:10.1007/bf00025067 · Cited by 186
Comparison of Fractionation Methods for Soil Organic Matter 14 C Analysis
Trumbore, S. E., & Zheng, S. (1996) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200017598 · Cited by 184
Turnover of soil organic matter under pasture as determined by 13C natural abundance
Skjemstad, J., Lefeuvre, R., & Prebble, R. (1990) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr9900267 · Cited by 181
ORGANIC MATTER LABILITY IN A TROPICAL OXISOL: EVIDENCE FROM SHIFTING CULTIVATION, CHEMICAL OXIDATION, PARTICLE SIZE, DENSITY, AND MAGNETIC FRACTIONATIONS
Shang, C., & Tiessen, H. (1997) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-199711000-00004 · Cited by 175
Characterization of organic matter in particle size and density fractions from a red-brown earth by solid state 13C NMR
Oades, J., Vassallo, A., Waters, A., & Wilson, M. (1987) · Soil Research · doi:10.1071/sr9870071 · Cited by 174
Alteration of soil organic matter following treatment with hydrofluoric acid (HF)
Rumpel, C., Rabia, N., Derenne, S., Quénéa, K., Eusterhues, K., Kögel‐Knabner, I., & Mariotti, A. A. (2006) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2006.07.001 · Cited by 167
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Turnover of carbon through the microbial biomass in soils with different texture
Gregorich, E. G., Voroney, R. P., & Kachanoski, R. G. (1991) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(91)90152-a · Cited by 167
Soil Carbon Dynamics in Corn‐Based Agroecosystems: Results from Carbon‐13 Natural Abundance
Collins, H. P., Christenson, D. R., Blevins, R. L., Bundy, L. G., Dick, W. A., Huggins, D. R., & Paul, E. A. (1999) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1999.03615995006300030022x · Cited by 165
Short-term changes in the spatial distribution of microorganisms in soil aggregates as affected by glucose addition
Chenu, C., Hassink, J., & Bloem, J. (2001) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/s003740100419 · Cited by 164
Estimation of Slow- and Fast-Cycling Soil Organic Carbon Pools from 6N HCl Hydrolysis
Leavitt, S. W., Follett, R. F., & Paul, E. A. (1996) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200017604 · Cited by 161
THE OCCURRENCE OF INTERLAYER CLAY-ORGANIC COMPLEXES IN TWO NEW ZEALAND SOILS
Theng, B. K. G., Churchman, G. J., & Newman, R. H. (1986) · Soil Science · doi:10.1097/00010694-198611000-00003 · Cited by 159
MOLECULAR WEIGHT AND SHAPE OF HUMIC ACID FROM SEDIMENTATION AND DIFFUSION MEASUREMENTS ON FRACTIONATED EXTRACTS
CAMERON, R. S., THORNTON, B. K., Swift, R. S., & Posner, A. M. (1972) · Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1972.tb01670.x · Cited by 158
Hot water extracted organic matter: chemical composition and temporal variations in a long-term field experiment
Leinweber, P., Schulten, H. ‐., & K�rschens, M. (1995) · Biology and Fertility of Soils · doi:10.1007/bf00307836 · Cited by 155
AMS 14C Measurements of Fractionated Soil Organic Matter: An Approach to Deciphering the Soil Carbon Cycle
Trumbore, S., Vogel, J. S., & Southon, J. R. (1989) · Radiocarbon · doi:10.1017/s0033822200012248 · Cited by 154
Spatial distribution of microbial biomass in microaggregates of a silty-loam soil and the relation with the resistance of microorganisms to soil drying
Gestel, M. V., Merckx, R., & Vlassak, K. (1996) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00192-1 · Cited by 154
Sodium hypochlorite oxidation reduces soil organic matter concentrations without affecting inorganic soil constituents
Siregar, A., Kleber, M., Mikutta, R., & Jahn, R. (2004) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.2004.00680.x · Cited by 151
Nitrogen Efficiency in Agricultural Soils
Jenkinson, D. S., & Smith, K. A. (1988) · Rothamsted Repository (Rothamsted Repository) · Cited by 150
Assessing available carbon: Comparison of techniques across selected forest soils
Davidson, E. A., Galloway, L. F., & Strand, M. K. (1987) · Communications in Soil Science and Plant Analysis · doi:10.1080/00103628709367802 · Cited by 148
Recently Deposited Organic Matter in Soil Water‐Stable Aggregates
Angers, D. A., & Giroux, M. (1996) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1996.03615995006000050037x · Cited by 146
Studies of nitrogen immobilization and mineralization in calcareous soils—I
Ladd, J. N., Parsons, J. W., & Amato, M. (1977) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(77)90002-5 · Cited by 141
Changes in clay-associated organic matter quality in a C depletion sequence as measured by differential thermal analyses
Plante, A. F., Pernes, M., & Chenu, C. (2005) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/j.geoderma.2004.12.043 · Cited by 141
High energy ultraviolet photo‐oxidation: a novel technique for studying physically protected organic matter in clay‐ and silt‐sized aggregates
Skjemstad, J., Janik, L., Head, M. J., & McCLURE, S. G. (1993) · Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2389.1993.tb00471.x · Cited by 141
A 13 C tracer study to identify the origin of dissolved organic carbon in forested mineral soils
Hagedorn, F., Saurer, M. M., & Blaser, P. (2003) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00578.x · Cited by 139
Overview of the Symposium Proceedings, “Meaningful Pools in Determining Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics”
Olk, D. C., & Gregorich, E. G. (2006) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2005.0111 · Cited by 138
Refractory organic carbon in particle-size fractions of arable soils II: organic carbon in relation to mineral surface area and iron oxides in fractions <6 μm
Kiem, R., & Kögel‐Knabner, I. (2002) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(02)00112-2 · Cited by 138
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Review and Classification of Ten Soil Organic Matter (SOM) Models
McGill, W. B. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61094-3_9 · Cited by 137
Aggregation and carbon storage in silty soil using physical fractionation techniques
Balabane, M., & Plante, A. F. (2004) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1111/j.1351-0754.2004.0608.x · Cited by 133
Evaluation of criteria for describing crop residue degradability in a model of carbon and nitrogen turnover in soil
Henriksen, T. M., & Breland, T. A. (1999) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(99)00031-0 · Cited by 133
Land-use effects on amino sugars in particle size fractions of an Argiudoll
Zhang, X., Amelung, W., Yuan, Y., et al. (1999) · Applied Soil Ecology · doi:10.1016/s0929-1393(98)00136-x · Cited by 133
Determination of black carbon in natural organic matter by chemical oxidation and solid-state 13C nuclear magnetic resonance spectroscopy
Simpson, M. J., & Hatcher, P. G. (2004) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.orggeochem.2004.04.004 · Cited by 132
Modeling the Measurable or Measuring the Modelable: A Hierarchical Approach to Isolating Meaningful Soil Organic Matter Fractionations
Elliott, E. T., Paustian, K. H., & Frey, S. D. (1996) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-61094-3_12 · Cited by 132
Organic Matter Turnover
Six, J., & Jastrow, J. J. D. (2005) · doi:10.1081/e-ess-120001812 · Cited by 132
Changes in soil organic matter with cropping as measured by organic carbon fractions and 13C natural isotope abundance
Lefroy, R., Blair, G. J., & Strong, W. M. (1993) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1880-4_118 · Cited by 131
In search of the elusive “active” fraction of soil organic matter: Three size-density fractionation methods for tracing the fate of homogeneously 14C-labelled plant materials
Magid, J., Gorissen, A., & Giller, K. E. (1996) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00111-5 · Cited by 131
Density fractionation of soil macroorganic matter using silica suspensions
Meijboom, F. (1995) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(95)00028-d · Cited by 130
The nitrogen cycle in the broadbalk wheat experiment: A model for the turnover of nitrogen through the soil microbial biomass
Jenkinson, D. S., & Parry, L. C. (1989) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0038-0717(89)90127-2 · Cited by 127
Demineralization of marine and freshwater sediments for CP/MAS 13C NMR analysis
Gélinas, Y., Baldock, J., & Hedges, J. I. (2001) · Organic Geochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0146-6380(01)00018-3 · Cited by 127
Indications for soil organic matter quality in soils under different management
Lützow, M. V., Leifeld, J., Kainz, M., Kögel‐Knabner, I., & Munch, J. C. (2002) · Geoderma · doi:10.1016/s0016-7061(01)00106-9 · Cited by 125
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Dynamics of soil organic matter associated with particle-size fractions of water-stable aggregates
Puget, P., Chenu, C., & Balesdent, J. (2000) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2000.00353.x · Cited by 122
Dissolved organic matter and its parent organic matter in grass upland soil horizons studied by analytical pyrolysis techniques
Huang, Y., Eglinton, G., van der Hage, E. R. E., Boon, J. J., Bol, R. A., & Ineson, P. (1998) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.1998.00141.x · Cited by 117
Organic Matter Stabilization in Two Semiarid Tropical Soils: Size, Density, and Magnetic Separations
Shang, C., & Tiessen, H. (1998) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj1998.03615995006200050015x · Cited by 117
Invertase and xylanase activity of bulk soil and particle-size fractions during maize straw decomposition
Stemmer, M., Gerzabek, M. H., & Kandeler, E. (1998) · Soil Biology and Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/s0038-0717(98)00083-2 · Cited by 115
Organic carbon dynamics in soil particle‐size separates of sandy Spodosols when forest is cleared for maize cropping
Jolivet, C. C., Arrouays, D., Lévèque, J., Andreux, F. G., & Chenu, C. (2003) · European Journal of Soil Science · doi:10.1046/j.1365-2389.2003.00541.x · Cited by 113
Nature of Clay‐Humic Complexes in an Agricultural Soil
Laird, D. A., Martens, D. A., & Kingery, W. L. (2001) · Soil Science Society of America Journal · doi:10.2136/sssaj2001.6551413x · Cited by 113
Impact of Tillage and Crop Rotation on Aggregate‐Associated Carbon in Two Oxisols
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Authors: von Lützow, M., Kögel-Knabner, I., Ekschmitt, K., Flessa, H., Guggenberger, G., Matzner, E., & Marschner, B.
Affiliations: Justus-Liebig-Universität Gießen (DE)
University of Göttingen (DE)
Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg (DE)
University of Bayreuth (DE)
Ruhr University Bochum (DE)
ORCID: Guggenberger, Georg
Matzner, Egbert
Marschner, Bernd
Venue: Soil Biology and Biochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2007-09
Volume: 39
Issue: 9
Pages: 2183-2207
ISSN: 0038-0717 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.soilbio.2007.03.007
OpenAlex: W2163103579
Cited by: 1,590
References: 279
Citations by year: 2026: 92 · 2025: 115 · 2024: 138 · 2023: 135 · 2022: 111 · 2021: 119 · 2020: 102 · 2019: 82 · 2018: 80 · 2017: 96 · 2016: 75 · 2015: 78 · 2014: 78 · 2013: 81 · 2012: 59
FWCI: 60.44
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Soil Biology and Biochemistry (publishedVersion)
GRO (submittedVersion)
OpenAgrar (submittedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil erosion and sediment transport
Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Soil and Unsaturated Flow
Keywords: soil organic matter, density fractionation, magnetic susceptibility, oxidation resistance, light fraction, soil microbial biomass, black carbon, compound-specific isotope analysis

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SOM fractionation methods: Relevance to functional pools and to stabilization mechanisms

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