Agroforestry as a strategy for carbon sequestration
Abstract
Abstract During the past three decades, agroforestry has become recognized the world over as an integrated approach to sustainable land use because of its production and environmental benefits. Its recent recognition as a greenhouse gas–mitigation strategy under the Kyoto Protocol has earned it added attention as a strategy for biological carbon (C) sequestration. The perceived potential is based on the premise that the greater efficiency of integrated systems in resource (nutrients, light, and water) capture and utilization than single‐species systems will result in greater net C sequestration. Available estimates of C‐sequestration potential of agroforestry systems are derived by combining information on the aboveground, time‐averaged C stocks and the soil C values; but they are generally not rigorous. Methodological difficulties in estimating C stock of biomass and the extent of soil C storage under varying conditions are compounded by the lack of reliable estimates of area under agroforestry. We estimate that the area currently under agroforestry worldwide is 1,023 million ha. Additionally, substantial extent of areas of unproductive crop, grass, and forest lands as well as degraded lands could be brought under agroforestry. The extent of C sequestered in any agroforestry system will depend on a number of site‐specific biological, climatic, soil, and management factors. Furthermore, the profitability of C‐sequestration projects will depend on the price of C in the international market, additional income from the sale of products such as timber, and the cost related to C monitoring. Our knowledge on these issues is unfortunately rudimentary. Until such difficulties are surmounted, the low‐cost environmental benefit of agroforestry will continue to be underappreciated and underexploited.
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When agroforestry systems such as silvopasture are applied in suitable locations, C is sequestered in soil and tree biomass, promoting C uptake by expanding niches, lengthening growing season, and enhancing soil fertility with N-fixing species.
“when agroforestry systems, such as silvopasture, are applied in suitable locations, C is sequestered in soil as well as in tree biomass, which could promote C uptake by expanding the niches from which water and soil nutrients are drawn, lengthening the growing season, and enhancing soil fertility when N-fixing species are included as part of the system.184”
From Technologies and perspectives for achieving carbon neutrality (2021) · cites this paper as [184]
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Acacia nilotica trees in rice fields: A traditional agroforestry system in central India
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Soil organic carbon pool under native tree plantations in the Caribbean lowlands of Costa Rica
Jiménez, J. J., Lal, R., Leblanc, H., & Russo, R. O. (2007) · Forest Ecology and Management · doi:10.1016/j.foreco.2007.01.022 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Above- and below-ground carbon inputs in 19-, 10- and 4-year-old Costa Rican Alley cropping systems
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An approach to estimating system carbon stocks in tropical forests and associated land uses
Woomer, P. L., & Palm, C. A. (1998) · Commonwealth forestry review · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Tejwani, K. G. (1994) · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Analysis of Soil Organic Matter Storage in Agroecosystems
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Akinnifesi, F. K., Rowe, E. C., Livesley, S. J., et al. (2004) · CABI Publishing eBooks · doi:10.1079/9780851996738.0061 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
The Role of Eucalyptus Globulus Forest and Products in Carbon Sequestration
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Crop and tree root-system dynamics.
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Carbon Sequestration: Position of the Soil Science Society of America
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Uncertainties in estimating the potential for carbon mitigation of forest management
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Below-ground inputs: relationships with soil quality, soil C storage and soil structure.
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van Noordwijk, M., Hairiah, K., Woomer, P. L., et al. (1999) · SSSA special publication series · doi:10.2136/sssaspecpub53.c8 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Belowground interactions in tree-crop agroforestry: need for a new approach
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Agroforestry in the Pacific Islands
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Forests and Energy — 1st Hannover EXPO2000 World Forest Forum (selected papers)
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Schroth, G., Schaller, M., & Jiménez, F. (2007) · CRC Press eBooks · doi:10.1201/9781420043365.pt2 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
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Srivastava, P., Kumar, A., Behera, S. K., Sharma, Y. K., & Singh, N. (2012) · Biodiversity and Conservation · doi:10.1007/s10531-012-0229-y · Cited by 53 · see citing works
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- Authors
- Ramachandran Nair, P. K., Mohan Kumar, B., & Nair, V. D.
- Affiliations
- University of Florida (US)
- ORCID
- Nair, Vimala D.
- Venue
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2009-02
- Volume
- 172
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-23
- ISSN
- 1436-8730 (ISSN-L)
- 1522-2624
- OpenAlex
- W2007749762
- Cited by
- 1,157
- References
- 129
- Citations by year
- 2026: 95 · 2025: 91 · 2024: 109 · 2023: 73 · 2022: 94 · 2021: 78 · 2020: 77 · 2019: 70 · 2018: 59 · 2017: 71 · 2016: 50 · 2015: 42 · 2014: 47 · 2013: 62 · 2012: 42
- FWCI
- 89.35
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of Plant Nutrition and Soil Science (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Forestry › Agroforestry and silvopastoral systems
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Soil Science › Soil Carbon and Nitrogen Dynamics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Global and Planetary Change › Forest Management and Policy
- Keywords
- agroforestry, carbon sequestration, greenhouse gas emissions reduction, Kyoto Protocol, aboveground carbon, soil carbon storage, carbon stock estimation, carbon price, degraded area recovery, sustainable land use
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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