Housing Crowding Effects on Children’s Wellbeing
Open accessAbstract
The degree to which children grow up in crowded housing is a neglected but potentially important aspect of social inequality. Poor living conditions can serve as a mechanism of social stratification, affecting children's wellbeing and resulting in the intergenerational transmission of social inequality. This paper reports an investigation of housing crowding on children's academic achievement, behavior, and health in the US and Los Angeles, a city with atypically high levels of crowding. We use data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics' Child Development Supplement and the Los Angeles Family and Neighborhood Survey to explore the effect of living in a crowded home on an array of child wellbeing indicators. We find that several dimensions of children's wellbeing suffer when exposed to crowded living conditions, particularly in Los Angeles, even after controlling for socioeconomic status. The negative effects on children raised in crowded homes can persist throughout life, affecting their future socioeconomic status and adult wellbeing.
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Moving in with others, an indicator of significant housing hardship, is strongly associated with worse reading and applied problems scores even when all other material hardship types were controlled for.
“Consistent with the prior literature on housing hardship [33,34], moving in with others, an indicator of significant housing hardship, is strongly associated with worse reading and applied problems scores even when all other material hardship types were controlled for.”
From Poverty, Material Hardship, and Children’s Outcomes: A Nuanced Understanding of Material Hardship in Childhood (2022) · cites this paper as [33]
The Regression Analysis reports lower reading and math scores associated with housing crowding, and the Dependent Variables section identifies Applied Problems as the math test. But the paper measures crowding rather than moving in with others, and its models control for demographics and socioeconomic status—not all other types of material hardship. No page numbers are available in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.88)
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“Consistent with the prior literature on housing hardship [33,34], moving in with others, an indicator of significant housing hardship, is strongly associated with worse reading and applied problems scores even when all other material hardship types were controlled for.”
BackgroundResult
- Authors
- Solari, C. D., & Mare, R. D.
- Affiliations
- University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill (US)
- University of California, Los Angeles (US)
- Corresponding author
- Solari, Claudia D.
- Venue
- Social Science Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-03
- Volume
- 41
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 464-476
- ISSN
- 0049-089X (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC3805127
- OpenAlex
- W2050471053
- Cited by
- 329
- References
- 44
- Citations by year
- 2026: 29 · 2025: 29 · 2024: 57 · 2023: 18 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 37 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 29 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 10 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 3 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 11.79
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Social Science Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
- PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
- Carolina Digital Repository (University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill) (submittedVersion)
- UNC Libraries
- Funders
- Russell Sage Foundation
- Sage Foundation
- National Institutes of Health (2r24hd050924-06)
- National Institute of Child Health and Human Development
- California Center for Population Research, University of California, Los Angeles
- Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development (R24 HD-050924, R24HD041022, T32HD007168)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Social Sciences › Demography › Family Dynamics and Relationships
- Keywords
- household crowding, crowded housing, child well-being, academic performance, child behavior, child health, social inequality, intergenerational transmission, socioeconomic status, living conditions, Los Angeles
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