Pressurized in situ X-ray diffraction insights into super/subcritical carbonation reaction pathways of steelmaking slags and constituent silicate minerals
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Abstract This study explores mineral carbonation of industrial stainless steelmaking slags and relevant synthetic constituent minerals via in situ pressurized X-ray diffraction, to clarify carbonation reaction pathways and efficiency for carbon storage and waste valorization. The primary mineral phases of Argon Oxygen Decarburization (AOD) and Continuous Casting (CC) slags, namely, akermanite, bredigite, cuspidine, merwinite, and β- and γ-C2S, were reacted in a custom-built beryllium-capped XRD reactor filled with either water-saturated (wet) subcritical CO2(g), or wet supercritical CO2(SC), in a series of carbonation experiments. Formation of calcite and aragonite was observed for most Ca-bearing minerals, transient precipitation of metastable vaterite was observed, while carbonation of AOD and CC slags in CO2(SC) resulted in hydrated crystalline calcium carbonates and indirect evidence of amorphous carbonate. Results obtained suggest that low-pressure subcritical carbonation routes are attractive for standalone slag carbonation processes, while high-pressure supercritical carbonation routes are amiable to symbiotic integration with CO2(SC)-generating green technologies.
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Adsorbed water nanofilms can readily mediate the nucleation and growth of metastable intermediates, including nesquehonite, hydromagnesite, aragonite, and amorphous Mg/Ca carbonates, as well as facilitate transformations of carbonate minerals, including dolomite recrystallization and hydrated calcite surface dissolution.
“Although structurally and dimensionally highly-constrained, adsorbed water nanofilms can readily mediate the nucleation and growth of metastable intermediates, including nesquehonite (MgCO3•3H2O) 55 , hydromagnesite [Mg5(CO3)4(OH)2•4H2O] 50 , aragonite (CaCO3) 56 , and amorphous Mg/Ca carbonates, 53,57 as well as facilitate transformations of carbonate minerals, including dolomite [CaMg(CO3)2] rec”
From Molecular-scale mechanisms of CO2 mineralization in nanoscale interfacial water films (2022) · cites this paper as [56]
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- Authors
- Chai, Y. E., Miller, Q. R. S., Schaef, H. T., Barpaga, D., Bakhshoodeh, R., Bodor, M., Van Gerven, T., & Santos, R. M.
- Affiliations
- University of Guelph (CA)
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (US)
- The University of Western Australia (AU)
- "Dunarea de Jos" University of Galati (RO)
- Corresponding author
- Santos, Rafael M.
- ORCID
- Venue
- The Journal of Supercritical Fluids
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2021-05
- Volume
- 171
- Pages
- 105191
- ISSN
- 0896-8446 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W3126833717
- Semantic Scholar
- 8f25a5db9470b036194da16b9860858d4b1f418e
- Cited by
- 29
- References
- 62
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 3 · 2023: 8 · 2022: 4
- FWCI
- 1.22
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- bronze
- doi.org
- Licence
- www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
- www.elsevier.com/open-access/userlicense/1.0/ (am, 292 d)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-017 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-037 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-012 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-029 (stm-asf)
- doi.org/10.15223/policy-004 (stm-asf)
- Locations
- The Journal of Supercritical Fluids (acceptedVersion)
- Lirias (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
- UWA Profiles and Research Repository (UWA) (submittedVersion)
- The Atrium (University of Guelph) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- U.S. Department of Energy
- Fonds Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek
- Office of Science
- Natural Sciences and Engineering Research Council of Canada
- Basic Energy Sciences
- Chemical Sciences, Geosciences, and Biosciences Division
- Pacific Northwest National Laboratory
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › CO2 Sequestration and Geologic Interactions
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Civil and Structural Engineering › Concrete and Cement Materials Research
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Mechanical Engineering › Carbon Dioxide Capture Technologies
- Keywords
- CO2 mineralization, steel slag, supercritical carbon dioxide, subcritical CO2, akermanite, bredigite, cuspidine, merwinite, calcium silicate hydrate, calcium carbonate, calcite, aragonite, vaterite, amorphous carbonates, carbon storage, waste valorization
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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