Organic anion transporter (Slc22a) family members as mediators of toxicity

Sweet, Douglas H.

doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.016

Cited by 151Drug Transport and Resistance MechanismsPharmacogenetics and Drug MetabolismIon Transport and Channel Regulation

Organic anion transporter (Slc22a) family members as mediators of toxicity

Sweet, Douglas H.·2005·Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology

DOI 10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.016

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Abstract

Exposure of the body to toxic organic anions is unavoidable and occurs from both intentional and unintentional sources. Many hormones, neurotransmitters, and waste products of cellular metabolism, or their metabolites, are organic anions. The same is true for a wide variety of medications, herbicides, pesticides, plant and animal toxins, and industrial chemicals and solvents. Rapid and efficient elimination of these substances is often the body's best defense for limiting both systemic exposure and the duration of their pharmacological or toxicological effects. For organic anions, active transepithelial transport across the renal proximal tubule followed by elimination via the urine is a major pathway in this detoxification process. Accordingly, a large number of organic anion transport proteins belonging to several different gene families have been identified and found to be expressed in the proximal nephron. The function of these transporters, in combination with the high volume of renal blood flow, predisposes the kidney to increased toxic susceptibility. Understanding how the kidney mediates the transport of organic anions is integral to achieving desired therapeutic outcomes in response to drug interactions and chemical exposures, to understanding the progression of some disease states, and to predicting the influence of genetic variation upon these processes. This review will focus on the organic anion transporter (OAT) family and discuss the known members, their mechanisms of action, subcellular localization, and current evidence implicating their function as a determinant of the toxicity of certain endogenous and xenobiotic agents.

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These gene counts represent significant expansions of the SLC22 family, which has only 5 genes in humans and mice.
“These gene counts represent significant expansions of the SLC22 family, which consists of only 5 genes in humans and mice”
From The chemical defensome: Environmental sensing and response genes in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome (2006) · cites this paper as Sweet, 2005
SLC22 and ABC efflux proteins export metals directly or as GSH conjugates.
“Both SLC22 and ABC efflux proteins (see above) export metals directly or as glutathione (GSH) conjugates (Leslie et al., 2001;Sweet, 2005), and the urchin genome contains multiple genes in the subfamilies known to be involved in resistance to heavy metal toxicity.”
From The chemical defensome: Environmental sensing and response genes in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome (2006) · cites this paper as Sweet, 2005

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Decreased Bilirubin-Binding Capacity in Uremic Serum Caused by an Accumulation of Furan Dicarboxylic Acid
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Ochratoxin A Secretion in Primary Cultures of Rabbit Renal Proximal Tubule Cells
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Mechanism mediating basolateral transport of 2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid in rat kidney.
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2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid intoxication increases its accumulation within the brain
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Bone marrow and renal injury associated with haloalkene cysteine conjugates in calves
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Probenecid-induced accumulation of 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid and homovanillic acid in rat brain
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Effect of cephaloridine on the transport of organic ions in dog kidney plasma membrane vesicles.
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Biotransformation and Renal Processing of Nephrotoxic Agents
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The nephrotoxicity and hepatotoxicity of 1,1,2,2-tetrafluoroethyl- L -cysteine in the rat
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Cephalosporin and carbacephem nephrotoxicity
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Phase 1 study of L-627, biapenem, a new parenteral carbapenem antibiotic.
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Nephrotoxicity of Low-Dose Methotrexate in Guinea Pigs: An Ultrastructural Study
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Renal Papillary Necrosis Caused by Long-term Ingestion of Pentazocine and Aspirin
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Interaction of Cysteine Conjugates with Human and Rabbit Organic Anion Transporter 1
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Transport of cephalosporin antibiotics in rat renal basolateral membranes
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The blood-CSF barrier and the choroid plexus
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Effects of zinc, cadmium, and mercury on renal transport systems
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Reye syndrome
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Renal cell cancer correlated with occupational exposure to trichloroethene
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Flagged first, then by citations

12 of the 220 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.

Sorted by citations

Human Multidrug Resistance ABCB and ABCG Transporters: Participation in a Chemoimmunity Defense System
Sarkadi, B., Homolya, L., Szakács, G., & Váradi, A. (2006) · Physiological Reviews · doi:10.1152/physrev.00037.2005 · Cited by 726 · see citing works
The role of ABC transporters in drug absorption, distribution, metabolism, excretion and toxicity (ADME–Tox)
Szakács, G., Váradi, A., Özvegy‐Laczka, C., & Sarkadi, B. (2008) · Drug Discovery Today · doi:10.1016/j.drudis.2007.12.010 · Cited by 565 · see citing works
Carrier-mediated cellular uptake of pharmaceutical drugs: an exception or the rule?
Dobson, P. D., & Kell, D. B. (2008) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd2438 · Cited by 475 · see citing works
“However, we note in particular that selective tissue-concentrating mechanisms may also be a cause of toxicit”
Background
A 3D in vitro model of differentiated HepG2 cell spheroids with improved liver-like properties for repeated dose high-throughput toxicity studies
Ramaiahgari, S., den Braver, M. W., Herpers, B., Terpstra, V., Commandeur, J. N. M., van de Water, B., & Price, L. (2014) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-014-1215-9 · Cited by 363 · see citing works
“The expression levels of OAT2 and OAT7, which represent major transporters of various clinically relevant drug classes (Kobayashi et al. 2005; sweet 2005), were highly increased in spheroids compared to 2D culture.”
Background
CYP2C9 Genotype-guided Warfarin Prescribing Enhances the Efficacy and Safety of Anticoagulation: A Prospective Randomized Controlled Study
Caraco, Y., Blotnick, S., & Muszkat, M. (2007) · Clinical Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1038/sj.clpt.6100316 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Drug transport by Organic Anion Transporters (OATs)
Burckhardt, G. (2012) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2012.07.010 · Cited by 359 · see citing works
The chemical defensome: Environmental sensing and response genes in the Strongylocentrotus purpuratus genome
Goldstone, J. V., Hamdoun, A., Cole, B. J., Howard-Ashby, M., Nebert, D. W., Scally, M., Dean, M., Epel, D., Hahn, M. E., & Stegeman, J. J. (2006) · Developmental Biology · doi:10.1016/j.ydbio.2006.08.066 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
“Both SLC22 and ABC efflux proteins (see above) export metals directly or as glutathione (GSH) conjugates (Leslie et al., 2001; Sweet, 2005), and the urchin genome contains multiple genes in the subfamilies known to be involved in resistance to heavy metal toxicity.”
BackgroundInfluential
Health effects from long-range transported contaminants in Arctic top predators: An integrated review based on studies of polar bears and relevant model species
Sonne, C. (2010) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2010.03.002 · Cited by 278 · see citing works
“…Rawson et al., 1993; Rosa et al., 2008; Sonne et al., 2010b; Woshner, 2000; Woshner et al., 2002) while several have been published on mercury toxicosis (AlSaleh et al., 2003; AMAP, 1998, 2005; Chan et al., 1998; Kern, 1999; Klaassen et al., 2007; Ortiz et al., 2003; Rankin, 2004; Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Functional Involvement of Multidrug Resistance-Associated Protein 4 (MRP4/ABCC4) in the Renal Elimination of the Antiviral Drugs Adefovir and Tenofovir
Imaoka, T., Kusuhara, H., Adachi, M., Schuetz, J. D., Takeuchi, K., & Sugiyama, Y. (2006) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.106.028233 · Cited by 277 · see citing works
“multispecific organic anion and cation transport systems (Inui et al., 2000; Koepsell and Endou, 2004; Lee and Kim, 2004; Sweet, 2005; Wright, 2005; Sekine et al., 2006).”
Background
Organic Anion Transporters of the SLC22 Family: Biopharmaceutical, Physiological, and Pathological Roles
Rizwan, A., & Burckhardt, G. (2007) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9181-4 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
“As pointed out in (12), inhibition of OATs has not”
BackgroundInfluential
Expression profiles of 50 xenobiotic transporter genes in humans and pre-clinical species: A resource for investigations into drug disposition
Bleasby, K., Castle, J. C., Roberts, C. J., Cheng, C., Bailey, W. J., Sina, J. F., Kulkarni, A., Hafey, M., Evers, R., Johnson, J. M., et al. (2006) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498250600861751 · Cited by 269 · see citing works
Organic anion transporters: discovery, pharmacology, regulation and roles in pathophysiology
VanWert, A. L., Gionfriddo, M. R., & Sweet, D. H. (2010) · Biopharmaceutics & Drug Disposition · doi:10.1002/bdd.693 · Cited by 252 · see citing works
“0 50 E S ) a [1 81 ] a , [6 3] b”
BackgroundInfluential
Decreased Renal Organic Anion Secretion and Plasma Accumulation of Endogenous Organic Anions in OAT1 Knock-out Mice
Eraly, S. A., Vallon, V., Vaughn, D. A., Gangoiti, J. A., Richter, K., Nagle, M. A., Monte, J. C. M., Rieg, T., Truong, D. M., Long, J. M., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m508050200 · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Gender differences in kidney function
Sabolić, I., Asif, A. R., Budach, W. E., Wanke, C., Bahn, A., & Burckhardt, G. (2007) · Pflügers Archiv - European Journal of Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00424-007-0308-1 · Cited by 220 · see citing works
“Gender difference were also observed for renal accumulation of the injected mercury in mice (M>F) [179], possibly due to phenomenon of molecular mimicry, where mercury may bind to SH groups in cysteine/ glutathione conjugates and enter the proximal tubule cell in a complex transported by Oat1 and/or Oat3, which are ex…”
Background
In Vitro and In Vivo Evidence of the Importance of Organic Anion Transporters (OATs) in Drug Therapy
Burckhardt, G., & Burckhardt, B. C. (2010) · Handbook of experimental pharmacology · doi:10.1007/978-3-642-14541-4_2 · Cited by 199 · see citing works
“Since OAT1/Oat1 handles numerous drugs, interactions are very likely to occur whenever two or more anionic drugs are coadministered and inhibit each other during renal proximal tubular secretion (for reviews see Eraly et al. 2003a; Mizuno et al. 2003; Shitara et al. 2005; Sweet 2005; Li et al. 2006).”
Background
Renal Transport of Adefovir, Cidofovir, and Tenofovir by SLC22A Family Members (hOAT1, hOAT3, and hOCT2)
Uwai, Y., Ida, H., Tsuji, Y., Katsura, T., & Inui, K. (2007) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9196-x · Cited by 179 · see citing works
“hOAT1, hOAT3 and hOCT2 are determinants of the renal toxicity of cephaloridine, ochratoxin A, cisplatin and so on (6,7).”
Background
The Kidney and Uremic Toxin Removal: Glomerulus or Tubule?
Masereeuw, R., Mutsaers, H. A. M., Toyohara, T., Abe, T., Jhawar, S. R., Sweet, D. H., & Lowenstein, J. (2014) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2014.02.010 · Cited by 165 · see citing works
“1), mediate cellular uptake (from blood into cell), and show overlapping substrate specificities.(16,22,23) OAT2, on the other hand, appears to have its main function in hepatic uptake of organic anions.”
Background
Renal Organic Anion Transporters (SLC22 Family): Expression, Regulation, Roles in Toxicity, and Impact on Injury and Disease
Wang, L., & Sweet, D. H. (2012) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-012-9413-y · Cited by 147 · see citing works
“Early in vitro and in vivo studies indicated that entry of mercury from the systemic circulation into proximal tubule cells occurred via the same transport pathway as PAH (recently reviewed in (2,4).”
Toward a Systems Level Understanding of Organic Anion and Other Multispecific Drug Transporters: A Remote Sensing and Signaling Hypothesis
Ahn, S.-Y., & Nigám, S. K. (2009) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.109.056564 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
“sulfate) (Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Physiology, structure, and regulation of the cloned organic anion transporters
Srimaroeng, C., Perry, J. L., & Pritchard, J. B. (2008) · Xenobiotica · doi:10.1080/00498250801927435 · Cited by 132 · see citing works
Assessment of the Role of Renal Organic Anion Transporters in Drug-Induced Nephrotoxicity
Hagos, Y., & Wolff, N. A. (2010) · Toxins · doi:10.3390/toxins2082055 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
“For a more comprehensive overview of the pharmacological, as well as physiological, relevance of SLC22 organic anion transporters, the interested reader is referred to the excellent extensive reviews by Sweet [5], Rizwan and Burckhardt [6], and van Wert et al. [7].”
Background
Renal expression of organic anion transporter OAT2 in rats and mice is regulated by sex hormones
Ljubojević, M., Balen, D., Breljak, D., Kušan, M., Anzai, N., Bahn, A., Burckhardt, G., & Sabolić, I. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00207.2006 · Cited by 110 · see citing works
The mercapturic acid pathway
Hanna, P. E., & Anders, M. W. (2019) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2019.1692191 · Cited by 105 · see citing works
“Members of the organic anion transport (OAT) family play a major role in the transport of organic anions in the kidney and other organs (Sweet 2005; Rizwan and Burckhardt 2007; Burckhardt and Burckhardt 2011; Wang and Sweet 2013; McLean et al. 2016; Lozano et al. 2018; Nigam 2018).”
Background
Effect of hypouricaemic and hyperuricaemic drugs on the renal urate efflux transporter, multidrug resistance protein 4
El‐Sheikh, A. A. K., van den Heuvel, J. J. M. W., Koenderink, J. B., & Rüssel, F. G. M. (2008) · British Journal of Pharmacology · doi:10.1038/bjp.2008.343 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
“effect of OATs is associated with their function in renal toxicity (Sweet, 2005) and emphasizes the importance of”
Background
Characterization of the Uptake of Organic Anion Transporter (OAT) 1 and OAT3 Substrates by Human Kidney Slices
Nozaki, Y., Kusuhara, H., Kondo, T., Hasegawa, M., Shiroyanagi, Y., Nakazawa, H., Okano, T., & Sugiyama, Y. (2007) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.113076 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“…et al., 1999; Tojo et al., 1999; Cha et al., 2001; Hasegawa et al., 2002; Motohashi et al., 2002) and play major roles in the uptake of a variety of organic anions on the basolateral membrane of kidney proximal tubule epithelial cells (Wright and Dantzler, 2004; Sweet, 2005; Sekine et al., 2006).”
Background
Environmental sensing and response genes in cnidaria: the chemical defensome in the sea anemone Nematostella vectensis
Goldstone, J. V. (2008) · Cell Biology and Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s10565-008-9107-5 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
“Both OAT and ABC efflux proteins (see above) export metals (Leslie et al. 2001; Sweet 2005), and the anemone contains genes homologous to the transporters (within both the OAT and ABC families) known to facilitate metal export.”
Downregulation of organic anion transporters in rat kidney under ischemia/reperfusion-induced qacute renal failure
Matsuzaki, T., Watanabe, H., Yoshitome, K., Morisaki, T., Hamada, A., Nonoguchi, H., Kohda, Y., Tomita, K., Inui, K., & Saito, H. (2007) · Kidney International · doi:10.1038/sj.ki.5002104 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
“34 Npsp-ATPase actively pumps Np out of the renal proximal tubule cells sustaining an inwardly directed Np gradient”
Background
Multi-level Analysis of Organic Anion Transporters 1, 3, and 6 Reveals Major Differences in Structural Determinants of Antiviral Discrimination
Truong, D. M., Kaler, G. V., Khandelwal, A., Swaan, P. W., & Nigám, S. K. (2008) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m708615200 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Pathophysiological regulation of renal SLC22A organic ion transporters in acute kidney injury: Pharmacological and toxicological implications
Saito, H. (2009) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2009.09.008 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
“diverse drugs, such as β-lactam antibiotics, methotrexate and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) (Uwai et al., 1998; Tsuda et al., 1999; Sekine et al., 2000; Burckhardt & Burckhardt, 2003; Sweet, 2005; Rizwan & Burckhardt, 2007).”
Background
Organic anion transporter 3 (Oat3/Slc22a8) knockout mice exhibit altered clearance and distribution of penicillin G
VanWert, A. L., Bailey, R. M., & Sweet, D. H. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00319.2007 · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Molecular Insights into the Structure–Function Relationship of Organic Anion Transporters OATs
Zhou, F., & You, G. (2006) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-006-9144-9 · Cited by 90 · see citing works
Human renal organic anion transporters: Characteristics and contributions to drug and drug metabolite excretion
Robertson, E. E., & Rankin, G. O. (2005) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/j.pharmthera.2005.07.005 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Drug and toxicant handling by the OAT organic anion transporters in the kidney and other tissues
Nigám, S. K., Bush, K. T., & Bhatnagar, V. (2007) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/ncpneph0558 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Modeling Kinetics of Subcellular Disposition of Chemicals
Baláž, Š. (2009) · Chemical Reviews · doi:10.1021/cr030440j · Cited by 82 · see citing works
The Contribution of Organic Anion Transporters OAT1 and OAT3 to the Renal Uptake of Rosuvastatin
Windass, A. S., Lowes, S., Wang, Y., & Brown, C. (2007) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.107.125831 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
“Both rOat1/hOAT1 and rOat3/hOAT3 are localized to the basolateral membrane of the proximal tubule and play a key role in the elimination of a wide range of organic anions including many xenobiotics (Sweet, 2005; Sekine et al., 2006).”
Background
Active transport across the human placenta: impact on drug efficacy and toxicity
Evseenko, D. A., Paxton, J. W., & Keelan, J. A. (2006) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425255.2.1.51 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
“1 The organic anion transporters (OAT/SLC22A family) The organic anion transporter (OAT) family, part of the amphiphilic solute branch of the major facilitator superfamily [64], are transporters of a range of endogenous substrates such as urates, uraemic toxins, bile acids, dicarboxylates, prostaglandin and steroid co…”
Background
Impaired Clearance of Methotrexate in Organic Anion Transporter 3 (Slc22a8) Knockout Mice: A Gender Specific Impact of Reduced Folates
VanWert, A. L., & Sweet, D. H. (2007) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-007-9407-0 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
“Thus, interpatient variability in both toxic and therapeutic responses to MTX is potentially caused, in part, by interpatient variability in organic anion transport mechanisms (7).”
Background
Brincidofovir Is Not a Substrate for the Human Organic Anion Transporter 1: A Mechanistic Explanation for the Lack of Nephrotoxicity Observed in Clinical Studies
Tippin, T. K., Morrison, M. E., Brundage, T. M., & Momméja-Marin, H. (2016) · Therapeutic Drug Monitoring · doi:10.1097/ftd.0000000000000353 · Cited by 75 · see citing works
Molecular evidence for an involvement of organic anion transporters (OATs) in aristolochic acid nephropathy
Bakhiya, N., Arlt, V. M., Bahn, A., Burckhardt, G., Phillips, D. H., & Glatt, H. R. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.07.014 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Diglycolic Acid Is the Nephrotoxic Metabolite in Diethylene Glycol Poisoning Inducing Necrosis in Human Proximal Tubule Cells In Vitro
Landry, G. M., Martin, S., & McMartin, K. E. (2011) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr204 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“In addition, OATs play a role in the influx and efflux of organic acids, which can be sequestered inside the cell and induce toxicity via accumulation to high levels (Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Physiological and Molecular Characterization of Aristolochic Acid Transport by the Kidney
Dickman, K. G., Sweet, D. H., Bonala, R., Ray, T., & Wu, A. (2011) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.111.180984 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
“Therefore, we used a method designed to reduce nonspecific binding of lipophilic compounds, as reported by others (Taylor and Harker, 2006).”
Method
Renal organic anion transporters OAT1 and OAT3 mediate the cellular accumulation of 5-sulfooxymethylfurfural, a reactive, nephrotoxic metabolite of the Maillard product 5-hydroxymethylfurfural
Bakhiya, N., Monien, B. H., Frank, H., Seidel, A., & Glatt, H. R. (2009) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2009.04.017 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Potential for food–drug interactions by dietary phenolic acids on human organic anion transporters 1 (SLC22A6), 3 (SLC22A8), and 4 (SLC22A11)
Wang, L., & Sweet, D. H. (2012) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2012.07.027 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
“key mediator in the distribution and renal tubular secretion of a multitude of endogenous and exogenous organic anions [12,13].”
Background
PhRMA White Paper on ADME Pharmacogenomics
Williams, J. A., Andersson, T., Andersson, T. B., Blanchard, R. L., Behm, M. O., Cohen, N., Edeki, T. I., Franc, M. A., Hillgren, K. M., Johnson, K. J., et al. (2008) · The Journal of Clinical Pharmacology · doi:10.1177/0091270008319329 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“The organic anion transporters SLC22A6 (OAT1), SLC22A7 (OAT2), SLC22A8 (OAT3), SLC22A11 (OAT4), and SLC22A10 (OAT5) are known to transport a variety of drugs, including NSAIDs (acetaminophen, ibuprofen, indomethacin, naproxen, salicylate), cephalosporin antibiotics, antivirals (acyclovir, cidofovir, ganciclovir), and…”
Background
Hepatocyte nuclear factor-4α regulates the human organic anion transporter 1 gene in the kidney
Ogasawara, K., Terada, T., Asaka, J., Katsura, T., & Inui, K. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00017.2007 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
“THE ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER (OAT) family plays an important role in the renal excretion of endogenous and exogenous organic anions, including drugs, toxins, and hormones (8, 18, 33, 41).”
Background
Analysis of Three-dimensional Systems for Developing and Mature Kidneys Clarifies the Role of OAT1 and OAT3 in Antiviral Handling
Nagle, M. A., Truong, D. M., Dnyanmote, A. V., Ahn, S.-Y., Eraly, S. A., Wu, W., & Nigám, S. K. (2010) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m110.139949 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Furocoumarins affect hepatic cytochrome P450 and renal organic ion transporters in mice
Wang, X., Lou, Y.-J., Wang, M., Shi, Y., Xu, H., & Kong, L. (2011) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.030 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Solute transporters and malignancy: establishing the role of uptake transporters in breast cancer and breast cancer metastasis
Sutherland, R., Meeson, A. P., & Lowes, S. (2020) · Cancer and Metastasis Reviews · doi:10.1007/s10555-020-09879-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
“Similarly, methotrexate is transported by OAT1, OAT2 and OAT3 [94].”
Background
Metabolomics analysis reveals elevation of 3-indoxyl sulfate in plasma and brain during chemically-induced acute kidney injury in mice: Investigation of nicotinic acid receptor agonists
Zgoda-Pols, J. R., Chowdhury, S. K., Wirth, M., Milburn, M. V., Alexander, D. C., & Alton, K. B. (2011) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2011.05.015 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sex-dependent expression of Oat3 (Slc22a8) and Oat1 (Slc22a6) proteins in murine kidneys
Breljak, D., Brzica, H., Sweet, D. H., Anzai, N., & Sabolić, I. (2013) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00201.2012 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
“Northern blot and RT-PCR studies indicated that the expression of mRNAs for mOat1 and mOat3 is mainly restricted to the kidney and brain and largely negative in most other extrarenal tissues (33, 34).”
Background
Probenecid, an Old Drug with Potential New Uses for Central Nervous System Disorders and Neuroinflammation
García‐Rodríguez, C., Mujica, P., Illanes-González, J., López, A., Vargas, C., Sáez, J. C., González‐Jamett, A. M., & Ardiles, Á. O. (2023) · Biomedicines · doi:10.3390/biomedicines11061516 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
“Within this family, OAT1 and OAT3 are expressed in the basolateral membrane of proximal renal tubule cells [19,20].”
Background
Regulation of human organic anion transporter 4 by progesterone and protein kinase C in human placental BeWo cells
Zhou, F., Hong, M., & You, G. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1152/ajpendo.00696.2006 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
“HUMAN ORGANIC ANION TRANSPORTER 4 (hOAT4) belongs to a family of organic anion transporters that play critical roles in the body disposition of clinically important drugs, including anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapeutics, anti-tumor drugs, antibiotics, antihypertensives, and anti-inflammatories (3, 7, 18, 19,…”
Interaction and transport characteristics of mycophenolic acid and its glucuronide via human organic anion transporters hOAT1 and hOAT3
Uwai, Y., Motohashi, H., Tsuji, Y., Ueo, H., Katsura, T., & Inui, K. (2007) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2007.03.024 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Regulation of Renal Organic Ion Transporters in Cisplatin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury and Uremia in Rats
Morisaki, T., Matsuzaki, T., Yokoo, K., Kusumoto, M., Iwata, K., Hamada, A., & Saito, H. (2008) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-008-9668-2 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“Both rOAT1 and rOAT3 were suggested to be driven by an inward gradient of dicarboxylic acids, such as α-ketoglutarate, which could be accumulated in the renal cells via the Na + /dicarboxylate cotransporter 3 (26).”
Background
Transport of estrone sulfate by the novel organic anion transporter Oat6 (Slc22a20)
Schnabolk, G., Youngblood, G. L., & Sweet, D. H. (2006) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00497.2005 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
“This indicates mOat6 can function as an exchanger and suggests mOat6 may be mechanistically similar to Oat1 and Oat3, being indirectly coupled to cellular energy and the Na gradient through the tertiary active transport process (39, 40).”
Background
Analyses of 5′ regulatory region polymorphisms in human SLC22A6 (OAT1) and SLC22A8 (OAT3)
Bhatnagar, V., Xu, G., Hamilton, B. A., Truong, D. M., Eraly, S. A., Wu, W., & Nigám, S. K. (2006) · Journal of Human Genetics · doi:10.1007/s10038-006-0398-1 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
“They are also responsible for the excretion of toxins such as Ochratoxin A and mercurials, and are believed to be essential for the mediation of the renal toxicity of these agents (Sweet 2005).”
Background
Organic Anion Transporter 3 Interacts Selectively with Lipophilic β-Lactam Antibiotics
Wolman, A. T., Gionfriddo, M. R., Heindel, G. A., Mukhija, P., Witkowski, S., Bommareddy, A., & VanWert, A. L. (2013) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.112.049569 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
“However, over 80 b-lactams exist, and many have not been assessed for an interaction with Oat3.”
BackgroundInfluential
Pharmacogenomics of anticoagulants: steps toward personal dosage
Daly, A. K. (2009) · Genome Medicine · doi:10.1186/gm10 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Monitoring drug–protein interaction
Yang, X.-X., Hu, Z., Chan, S. Y., & Zhou, S.-F. (2005) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2005.08.021 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
2,4-D Toxicity: Cause, Effect and Control
Chinalia, F. A., Seleghim, M. H. R., & Côrrea, E. M. (2007) · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Human Organic Anion Transporter 3 Gene Is Regulated Constitutively and Inducibly via a cAMP-Response Element
Ogasawara, K., Terada, T., Asaka, J., Katsura, T., & Inui, K. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.108233 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
“, 2006), mediates the transport of many anionic compounds, such as -lactam antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiviral drugs, and antitumor drug, and it regulates their excretion (Inui et al., 2000; Burckhardt and Burckhardt, 2003; Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Transporters in Absorption, Distribution, and Elimination
Scherrmann, J. (2009) · Chemistry & Biodiversity · doi:10.1002/cbdv.200900171 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Roles of Hepatic Drug Transporters in Drug Disposition and Liver Toxicity
Pan, G. (2019) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-981-13-7647-4_6 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Comparison of the Interaction of Human Organic Anion Transporter hOAT4 with PDZ Proteins between Kidney Cells and Placental Cells
Zhou, F., Xu, W., Tanaka, K., & You, G. (2007) · Pharmaceutical Research · doi:10.1007/s11095-007-9359-4 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Torasemide Transport by Organic Anion Transporters Contributes to Hyperuricemia
Hagos, Y., Bahn, A., Vormfelde, S. V., Diaeresis]ller, J. D. B., & Burckhardt, G. (2007) · Journal of the American Society of Nephrology · doi:10.1681/asn.2007010106 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
The Role of Transporters in Toxicity and Disease
Schuetz, J. D., Swaan, P. W., & Tweedie, D. (2014) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.114.057539 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
“and various toxicants (Ho and Kim, 2005; Sweet, 2005) has been considered.”
Background
Expression profiles of genes involved in xenobiotic metabolism and disposition in human renal tissues and renal cell models
der Hauwaert, C. V., Savary, G., Buob, D., Leroy, X., Aubert, S., Flamand, V., Hennino, M.-F., Perrais, M., Lo‐Guidice, J., Broly, F., et al. (2014) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2014.07.007 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
“These transporters are involved in the excretion of endogenous and exogenous compounds such as several drugs, in particular methotrexate, acyclovir and ganciclovir (Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Transport of a fluorescent cAMP analog in teleost proximal tubules
Reichel, V., Masereeuw, R., van den Heuvel, J. J. M. W., Miller, D. S., & Fricker, G. (2007) · American Journal of Physiology-Regulatory, Integrative and Comparative Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajpregu.00029.2007 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
“The vertebrate renal proximal tubule is responsible for the active excretion of potentially toxic , negatively charged metabolic wastes, xenobiotics and xenobiotic metabolites (Sweet, 2005).”
Expression and function of renal and hepatic organic anion transporters in extrahepatic cholestasis
Brandoni, A. (2012) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.v18.i44.6387 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Preclinical and Clinical Evidence for the Collaborative Transport and Renal Secretion of an Oxazolidinone Antibiotic by Organic Anion Transporter 3 (OAT3/SLC22A8) and Multidrug and Toxin Extrusion Protein 1 (MATE1/SLC47A1)
Lai, Y., Sampson, K. E., Balogh, L. M., Brayman, T. G., Cox, S. R., Adams, W. J., Kumar, V. S., & Stevens, J. C. (2010) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.110.170753 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“It is noteworthy that the renal secretion of chlorinated phenoxyacetic acid is mediated by Oats (Sweet, 2005), further substantiating the notion that dogs may have low renal Oat functions.”
Background
Competitive Inhibition of Human Organic Anion Transporters 1 (SLC22A6), 3 (SLC22A8) and 4 (SLC22A11) by Major Components of the Medicinal Herb Salvia miltiorrhiza (Danshen)
Wang, L., & Sweet, D. H. (2012) · Drug Metabolism and Pharmacokinetics · doi:10.2133/dmpk.dmpk-12-rg-116 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
The Human Organic Anion Transporter Genes OAT5 and OAT7 Are Transactivated by Hepatocyte Nuclear Factor-1α (HNF-1α)
Klein, K., Jüngst, C., Mwinyi, J., Stieger, B., Krempler, F., Patsch, W., Eloranta, J. J., & Kullak-Ublick, G. A. (2010) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.110.065201 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
“Furthermore, the transport substrates for OATs include anionic drugs, such as diuretics, antibiotics, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs, antiviral nucleoside analogs, and antitumor drugs (Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Podocyte-specific expression of organic cation transporter PMAT: implication in puromycin aminonucleoside nephrotoxicity
Li, X., Zhou, M., Kalhorn, T. F., Ho, H. T. B., & Wang, J. (2009) · American Journal of Physiology-Renal Physiology · doi:10.1152/ajprenal.00046.2009 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Renal expression of organic anion transporter Oat5 in rats and mice exhibits the female-dominant sex differences.
Breljak, D., Ljubojević, M., Balen, D., Žlender, V., Brzica, H., Micek, V., Kušan, M., Anzai, N., & Sabolić, I. (2010) · PubMed · doi:10.14670/hh-25.1385 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
“Oats/OATs are thus mediators of body distribution, accumulation in some organs, and final elimination of antibiotics and various other anionic drugs used in therapy of human and animal diseases, but this way they also mediate drug-drug interactions and organ toxicity (Inui et al., 2000; Van Aubel et al., 2000; Sweet e…”
Influential
Fluoroquinolone disposition: identification of the contribution of renal secretory and reabsorptive drug transporters
Mulgaonkar, A., Venitz, J., & Sweet, D. H. (2012) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425255.2012.674512 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Drug Excretion
Taft, D. R. (2009) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-369521-5.00009-9 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Organic solute carrier 22 (SLC22) family: Potential for interactions with food, herbal/dietary supplements, endogenous compounds, and drugs
Lai, R. E., Jay, C. E., & Sweet, D. H. (2018) · Journal of Food and Drug Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfda.2018.03.002 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
“Positively and negatively charged hydrophilic organic molecules of low molecular weight enter cells through the organic cation and organic anion transport systems first identified well over a half-century ago [27].”
Background
The Putative Transmembrane Segment 7 of Human Organic Anion Transporter hOAT1 Dictates Transporter Substrate Binding and Stability
Hong, M., Zhou, F., Lee, K. C., & You, G. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.106.117663 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“…of clinically important anionic drugs, including anti-human immunodeficiency virus therapeutics, antitumor drugs, antibiotics, and antihypertensive and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (You, 2002; Burckhardt and Burckhardt, 2003; Eraly et al., 2004; Sweet, 2005; Sekine et al., 2006).”
Background
Combination of probenecid-sulphadoxine-pyrimethamine for intermittent preventive treatment in pregnancy
Gutman, J., Kachur, S. P., Slutsker, L., Nzila, A. M., & Mutabingwa, T. K. (2012) · Malaria Journal · doi:10.1186/1475-2875-11-39 · Cited by 26 · see citing works
“Probeneicd, which is also a DCA, interacts with these OATs, leading to a decrease in DCA secretion [92,93].”
Background
Antiretroviral Nephrotoxicities
Atta, M. G., Deray, G., & Lucas, G. M. (2008) · Seminars in Nephrology · doi:10.1016/j.semnephrol.2008.08.009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Probenecid, an inhibitor of transmembrane organic anion transporters, alters tissue distribution of DNA adducts in 1-hydroxymethylpyrene-treated rats
Monien, B. H., Müller, C., Bakhiya, N., Donath, C., Frank, H., Seidel, A., & Glatt, H. R. (2009) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2009.05.016 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Organic Anion Transporter 6 (Slc22a20) Specificity and Sertoli Cell-Specific Expression Provide New Insight on Potential Endogenous Roles
Schnabolk, G., Gupta, B., Mulgaonkar, A., Kulkarni, M. P., & Sweet, D. H. (2010) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.110.168765 · Cited by 24 · see citing works
Whole genome analysis reveals the genomic complexity in metastatic cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma
Thind, A. S., Ashford, B., Strbenac, D., Mitchell, J., Lee, J., Mueller, S. A., Minaei, E., Perry, J. R., Ch’ng, S., Iyer, N. G., et al. (2022) · Frontiers in Oncology · doi:10.3389/fonc.2022.919118 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Interaction of Rhubarb and Methotrexate in Rats:In VivoandEx VivoApproaches
Shia, C., Juang, S., Tsai, S.-Y., Chao, P.-D. L., & Hou, Y. (2013) · The American Journal of Chinese Medicine · doi:10.1142/s0192415x1350095x · Cited by 22 · see citing works
“…al., 1999; Rau et al., 2006; El-Sheikh et al., 2007), organic anion transporters (OAT) 1, 2, 3 and 4 (Sweet et al., 2001; Wright and Dantzler, 2004; Sweet, 2005), the reduced folate carrier (RFC-1; Brigle et al., 1995), organic anion transporting polypeptides 1B1, 1B3 (OATP 1B1, 1B3) (Badagnani et…”
Background
Green tea inhibited the elimination of nephro-cardiovascular toxins and deteriorated the renal function in rats with renal failure
Peng, Y., Sweet, D. H., Lin, S.-P., Yu, C., Chao, P.-D. L., & Hou, Y. (2015) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/srep16226 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Single-cell profiling reveals sex diversity in human renal proximal tubules
Huang, L., Liao, J., He, J., Pan, S., Zhang, H., Yang, X., Cheng, J., Chen, Y., & Mo, Z. (2020) · Gene · doi:10.1016/j.gene.2020.144790 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Renal Organic Cation and Anion Transport: From Physiology to Genes
Sweet, D. H. (2010) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-046884-6.00802-2 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Multidrug resistance protein (MRP) 4 attenuates benzo[a]pyrene-mediated DNA-adduct formation in human bronchoalveolar H358 cells
Gelhaus, S. L., Gilad, O., Hwang, W., Penning, T. M., & Blair, I. A. (2011) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2011.11.021 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“In addition, probenecid is known to inhibit organic anion transporters of the Scl22a family (Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Hepatic transcriptional analysis in rats treated with Cassia occidentalis seed: Involvement of oxidative stress and impairment in xenobiotic metabolism as a putative mechanism of toxicity
Panigrahi, G., Yadav, A., Yadav, A., Ansari, K. M., Chaturvedi, R. K., Vashistha, V. M., Raisuddin, S., & Das, M. (2014) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2014.06.037 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Renal elimination of organic anions in cholestasis
Torres, A. M. (2008) · World Journal of Gastroenterology · doi:10.3748/wjg.14.6616 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Conformational Changes of the Multispecific Transporter Organic Anion Transporter 1 (OAT1/SLC22A6) Suggests a Molecular Mechanism for Initial Stages of Drug and Metabolite Transport
Tsigelny, I. F., Kovalskyy, D., Kouznetsova, V. L., Balinskyi, O., Sharikov, Y., Bhatnagar, V., & Nigám, S. K. (2011) · Cell Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1007/s12013-011-9191-7 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
“A and certain antivirals) [11, 15–22].”
Active Hydrophilic Components of the Medicinal HerbSalvia miltiorrhiza(Danshen) Potently Inhibit Organic Anion Transporters 1 (Slc22a6) and 3 (Slc22a8)
Wang, L., & Sweet, D. H. (2012) · Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine · doi:10.1155/2012/872458 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“Of those, transport activity has been demonstrated for eleven, OAT1-10 and URAT1 [7, 9].”
Background
“Target-Site” Drug Metabolism and Transport
Foti, R., Tyndale, R. F., Garcia, K. L. P., Sweet, D. H., Nagar, S., Sharan, S., & Rock, D. A. (2015) · Drug Metabolism and Disposition · doi:10.1124/dmd.115.064576 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
“membrane potential and/or energy stored in concentration gradients) (Sweet, 2005; 2010).”
BackgroundInfluential
Expression of basolateral organic anion and cation transporters in experimental cadmium nephrotoxicity in rat kidney
Ljubojević, M., Breljak, D., Herak-Kramberger, C. M., Anzai, N., & Sabolić, I. (2015) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-015-1450-8 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Interactions with selected drug renal transporters and transporter-mediated cytotoxicity in antiviral agents from the group of acyclic nucleoside phosphonates
Mandíková, J., Volková, M., Pávek, P., Česnek, M., Janeba, Z., Kubı́ček, V., & Trejtnar, F. (2013) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2013.07.004 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Drug transporters and renal drug disposition in the newborn
Gregori, S. D., Gregori, M. D., Ranzani, G. N., Borghesi, A., Regazzi, M. B., & Stronati, M. (2009) · The Journal of Maternal-Fetal & Neonatal Medicine · doi:10.1080/14767050903184470 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
“In addition to the kidney, active OA transport is also an important function of the other barrier epithelia including liver, placenta, brain capillaries and choroid plexus [13].”
Background
Diclofenac toxicity in susceptible bird species results from a combination of reduced glomerular filtration and plasma flow with subsequent renal tubular necrosis
Nethathe, B., Chipangura, J. K., Hassan, I. Z., Duncan, N. M., Adawaren, E. O., Havenga, L., & Naidoo, V. (2021) · PeerJ · doi:10.7717/peerj.12002 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“PAH is a substrate for OAT channels which are located on the basolateral membrane of the renal proximal tubules and IOH is a marker for renal blood flow and glomerulus filtration (Laroute et al., 2005; Sweet, 2005; Sweet, 2010; Van Wert, Gionfriddo & Sweet, 2010).”
Background
Decreased Expression of Na+/K+-ATPase, NHE3, NBC1, AQP1 and OAT in Gentamicin-induced Nephropathy
Bae, W. K., Lee, J., Park, J. W., Bae, E. H., Kwon, S., Kim, S. H., & Kim, S. W. (2008) · Korean Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology · doi:10.4196/kjpp.2008.12.6.331 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“The inward movement of Na＋ drives the uptake of α-ketoglutarate by Na＋/dicarboxylate cotransporter 3 (Sweet, 2005).”
Background
Determination of the key innate genes related to individual variation in carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity using a pre-biopsy procedure
Yun, J.-W., Kim, C.-W., Bae, I., Park, Y.-H., Chung, J., Lim, K., & Kang, K. (2009) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2009.05.018 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
“Transporters mediate selective permeation of charged molecules through barrier membranes and are thought to play a pivotal role in detoxification and disposition of xenobiotics (Sweet, 2005; Kerb, 2006; Shitara et al., 2006).”
Background
Effects of rhein and Rheum palmatum L. extract on the pharmacokinetics and tissue distribution of aristolochic acid I and its demethylated metabolite in rats
Ma, L., Shen, Z., Hu, H., Zhou, H., Yu, L., Jiang, H., & Zeng, S. (2020) · Journal of Ethnopharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.jep.2020.113537 · Cited by 14 · see citing works

Renal Organic Anion Transporters (SLC22 Family): Expression, Regulation, Roles in Toxicity, and Impact on Injury and Disease
Wang, L., & Sweet, D. H. (2012) · The AAPS Journal · doi:10.1208/s12248-012-9413-y · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Drug and toxicant handling by the OAT organic anion transporters in the kidney and other tissues
Nigám, S. K., Bush, K. T., & Bhatnagar, V. (2007) · Nature Reviews Nephrology · doi:10.1038/ncpneph0558 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
The multispecific organic anion transporter family: properties and pharmacological significance
Miyazaki, H., Sekine, T., & Endou, H. (2004) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2004.10.006 · Cited by 108 · see citing works
Organic Anion Transporter Family: Current Knowledge
Anzai, N., Kanai, Y., & Endou, H. (2006) · Journal of Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1254/jphs.crj06006x · Cited by 209 · see citing works
Role of organic anion transporters in xenobiotics induced toxicity
Xue, X., Gong, L., & Ren, J. (2009) · Zhongguo yaolixue yu dulixue zazhi · doi:10.3867/j.issn.1000-3002.2009.03.013

Authors: Sweet, D. H.
Affiliations: Medical University of South Carolina (US)
Corresponding author: Sweet, Douglas H.
ORCID: Sweet, Douglas H.
Venue: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2005-05
Volume: 204
Issue: 3
Pages: 198-215
ISSN: 0041-008X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2004.10.016
OpenAlex: W2124824529
Cited by: 150
References: 220
Citations by year: 2024: 2 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 9 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 12
FWCI: 1.29
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Oncology › Drug Transport and Resistance Mechanisms
Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Ion Transport and Channel Regulation
Keywords: organic anion transporters, proximal tubule, drug toxicity, xenobiotic transport, drug interactions, subcellular localization
MeSH terms: Animals, Pharmaceutical Preparations, Humans, Kidney, Toxins, Biological, Organic Anion Transporters, Drug-Related Side Effects and Adverse Reactions

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Organic anion transporter (Slc22a) family members as mediators of toxicity

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