Treatment and utilization of dairy industrial waste: A review
Abstract
Demand of dairy products is increasing in different countries, which results in the development of the dairy industry and increases in the generation of wastes. The main wastes generated are whey, dairy sludges and wastewater (processing, cleaning and sanitary). They have high nutrient concentration, biological oxygen demand (BOD), chemical oxygen demand (COD) and organic and inorganic contents. Furthermore, they can contain different sterilizing agents and a wide range of acid and alkaline detergents. Pollution due to dairy industry affects the air, soil and water quality.This review aims to describe the different methods used by the dairy industry to treat wastes, highlighting their effects on quality and efficiency removal of the pollution. Especially, it focusses on biotechnological alternatives to utilize the dairy wastes.Physico-chemical, biological, and biotechnological methods can be used for treatment of dairy wastewaters. The physico-chemical treatment is used for reduction of milk fat and protein colloids, but it has the disadvantages of the high cost of the reagents and limited removal of COD. Biological treatments are used to remove organic material from dairy waste, however, the formation of sludge during aerobic biodegradation is a disadvantage. Aerobic and anaerobic process treatments can be used together in order to reach the effluents discharge limits for dairy wastewater. Biotechnological processes are the most recent alternatives, and can result in important products to the industries, such as whey-derived products, bioplastics, biofuels, bioenergy, organic acids, bioactive peptides, enzymes, among others.
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60% of sludge from dairies can assist in the rapid growth of rhizobia, which delivers nitrogen to legumes to meet the growing needs of the crop.
“It is difficult to ignore that 60% of sludge from dairies can assist in the rapid growth of rhizobia, which delivers nitrogen to legumes to meet the growing needs of the crop (Ahmad et al. 2019).”
From Recycling municipal, agricultural and industrial waste into energy, fertilizers, food and construction materials, and economic feasibility: a review (2023) · cites this paper as Ahmad et al. 2019
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Peng, X., Jiang, Y., Chen, Z., Osman, A. I., Farghali, M., Rooney, D. W., & Yap, P.-S. (2023) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-022-01551-5 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Hydrochars production, characterization and application for wastewater treatment: A review
Azzaz, A. A., Khiari, B., Jellali, S., Ghimbeu, C. M., & Jeguirim, M. (2020) · Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.rser.2020.109882 · Cited by 236 · see citing works
Upcycling of food waste and food loss-A sustainable approach in the food sector
Rakesh, B., & Mahendran, R. (2024) · Trends in Food Science & Technology · doi:10.1016/j.tifs.2023.104274 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Integrated ABR and UASB System for Dairy Wastewater Treatment: Engineering Design and Practice
Ji, S., Ma, W., Wei, Q., Zhang, W., Jiang, F., & Chen, J. (2020) · Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.142267 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
- Authors
- Ahmad, T., Aadil, R. M., Ahmed, H., Rahman, U. U., Soares, B. C. V., Souza, S. L. Q., Pimentel, T. C., Scudino, H., Guimarães, J. T., Esmerino, E. A., Freitas, M. Q., Almada, R. B., Vendramel, S. M. R., Silva, M. C., & Cruz, A. G.
- Affiliations
- University of Agriculture Faisalabad (PK)
- Instituto Federal do Rio de Janeiro (BR)
- Instituto Federal do Paraná (BR)
- Universidade Federal Fluminense (BR)
- Corresponding author
- Aadil, Rana Muhammad
- Cruz, Adriano G.
- ORCID
- Venue
- Trends in Food Science & Technology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2019-06
- Volume
- 88
- Pages
- 361-372
- ISSN
- 0924-2244 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2938326464
- Cited by
- 557
- References
- 0
- Citations by year
- 2026: 52 · 2025: 87 · 2024: 98 · 2023: 85 · 2022: 92 · 2021: 72 · 2020: 60 · 2019: 10
- FWCI
- 39.20
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Trends in Food Science & Technology (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- CNPQ
- FAPERJ
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Engineering › Building and Construction › Anaerobic Digestion and Biogas Production
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Waste Management and Disposal › Wastewater Treatment and Reuse
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Wastewater Treatment and Nitrogen Removal
- Keywords
- dairy wastewater treatment, whey, dairy sludge, physicochemical treatment, biological treatment, anaerobic digestion, aerobic biodegradation, COD removal, bioplastics, biofuels, bioenergy, organic acids, bioactive peptides, enzymes
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