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Updating the RNA polymerase CTD code: adding gene-specific layers
Abstract
The carboxyl-terminal domain (CTD) of RNA polymerase (pol) II comprises multiple tandem repeats with the consensus sequence Tyr(1)-Ser(2)-Pro(3)-Thr(4)-Ser(5)-Pro(6)-Ser(7) that can be extensively and reversibly modified in vivo. CTD modifications orchestrate the interplay between transcription and processing of mRNA. Although phosphorylation of Ser2 (Ser2P) and Ser5 (Ser5P) residues has been described as being essential for the expression of most pol II-transcribed genes, recent findings highlight gene-specific effects of newly discovered CTD modifications. Here, we incorporate these latest findings in an updated review of the currently known elements that contribute to the CTD code and how it is recognized by proteins involved in transcription and RNA maturation. As modification of the CTD has a major impact on gene expression, a better understanding of the CTD code is integral to the understanding of how gene expression is regulated.
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Blazek, D., Kohoutek, J., Bartholomeeusen, K., Johansen, E., Hulinkova, P., Luo, Z., Cimermancic, P., Ule, J., & Peterlin, B. M. (2011) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.16962311 · Cited by 522
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Regulation of Alternative Splicing Through Coupling with Transcription and Chromatin Structure
Naftelberg, S., Schor, I. E., Ast, G., & Kornblihtt, A. R. (2015) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev-biochem-060614-034242 · Cited by 448
The structure and substrate specificity of human Cdk12/Cyclin K
Bösken, C. A., Farnung, L., Hintermair, C., Merzel Schachter, M., Vogel-Bachmayr, K., Blazek, D., Anand, K., Fisher, R. P., Eick, D., & Geyer, M. (2014) · Nature Communications · doi:10.1038/ncomms4505 · Cited by 191
Hnisz, D., Bardet, A. F., Nobile, C. J., Petryshyn, A., Glaser, W., Schöck, U., Stark, A., & Kuchler, K. (2012) · PLoS Genetics · doi:10.1371/journal.pgen.1003118 · Cited by 100
Metadata
- Authors
- Egloff, S., Dienstbier, M., & Murphy, S.
- Venue
- Trends in Genetics
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-07
- Volume
- 28
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 333-341
- ISSN
- 0168-9525 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2136605296
- Cited by
- 177
- References
- 1
- FWCI
- 2.06
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
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- Egloff, S., Dienstbier, M., & Murphy, S. (2012). Updating the RNA polymerase CTD code: adding gene-specific layers. Trends in Genetics. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tig.2012.03.007
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