CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 171Genomics and Chromatin DynamicsNuclear Structure and FunctionEpigenetics and DNA Methylation

HP1a: a structural chromosomal protein regulating transcription

Open access
Eissenberg, Joel C., Elgin, Sarah C.R.·2014·Trends in Genetics
DOI 10.1016/j.tig.2014.01.002PMC PMC3991861
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

Heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1a in Drosophila) is a conserved eukaryotic chromosomal protein that is prominently associated with pericentric heterochromatin and mediates the concomitant gene silencing. Mechanistic studies implicate HP1 family proteins as 'hub proteins,' able to interact with a variety of chromosomal proteins through the chromo-shadow domain (CSD), as well as to recognize key histone modification sites [primarily histone H3 di/trimethyl Lys9 (H3K9me2/3)] through the chromodomain (CD). Consequently, HP1 has many important roles in chromatin architecture and impacts both gene expression and gene silencing, utilizing a variety of mechanisms. Clearly, HP1 function is altered by context, and potentially by post-translational modifications (PTMs). Here, we report on recent ideas as to how this versatile protein accomplishes its diverse functions.

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/j.tig.2014.01.002

Cites

5 of 5 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Claims the paper makes

The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.

Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.

A few free checks a day · papers already verified open instantly · results are public

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Self-check

Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.

The self-check needs the paper’s full text.

Cites

Flagged first, then by citations

Research works printed but not linked: 75

  1. [2]Eissenberg JC Reuter G Cellular mechanism for targeting heterochromatin formation in Drosophila Int. Rev. Cell. Mol. Biol 2009 273 1 47 19215901
  2. [3]Elgin SCR Reuter G Position-effect variegation, heterochromatin formation, and gene silencing in Drosophila Cold Spring Harbor Perspect. Biol 2013 5 a017780 PMC3721279 23906716
  3. [4]Lomberk G Evidence for the existence of an HP1-mediated subcode within the histone code Nat. Cell Biol 2006 8 407 415 16531993
  4. [5]Levine MT Phylogenomic analysis reveals dynamic evolutionary history of the Drosophila Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) gene family PLoS Genet 2012 8 6 e1002729 22737079 PMC3380853
  5. [6]Millar CB Grunstein M Genome-wide patterns of histone modifications in yeast Nat. Rev. Mol. Cell. Biol 2006 7 657 666 16912715
  6. [7]Ma J Expression and functional analysis of three isoforms of human heterochromatin-associated protein HP1 in Drosophila Chromosoma 2001 109 36 44 11305786
  7. [8]Wang G Conservation of heterochromatin protein 1 function Mol. Cell. Biol 2000 20 6970 6983 10958692 PMC88772
  8. [9]Liu T Broad chromosomal domains of histone modification patterns in C. elegans Genome Res 2011 21 227 236 21177964 PMC3032926
  9. [10]Meister P Caenorhabditis elegans Heterochromatin protein 1 (HPL-2) links developmental plasticity, longevity and lipid metabolism Genome Biol 2011 12 R123 22185090 PMC3334618
  10. [11]Ashe A piRNAs can trigger a multigenerational epigenetic memory in the germline of C. elegans Cell 2012 150 88 99 22738725 PMC3464430
  11. [12]Studencka M Transcriptional repression of Hox genes by C. elegans HP1/HPL and H1/HIS-24 PLoS Genet 2012 8 e1002940 23028351 PMC3441639
  12. [13]Riddle NC Enrichment of HP1a on Drosophila chromosome 4 genes creates an alternate chromatin structure critical for regulation in this heterochromatic domain PLoS Genet 2012 8 9 e1002954 23028361 PMC3447959
  13. [15]Blus BJ Epigenetic virtues of chromodomains Crit. Rev. Biochem. Mol. Biol 2011 46 507 526 22023491 PMC3223283
  14. [16]Derkacheva M Arabidopsis MSI1 connects LHP1 toPRC2 complexes EMBO J 2012 32 2073 2085 23778966 PMC3715863
  15. [17]Peng JC Karpen GH Epigenetic regulation of heterochromatic DNA stability Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev 2008 18 204 211 18372168 PMC2814359
  16. [18]Fanti L HP1: a functionally multifaceted protein Curr. Opin. Genet. Dev 2008 18 169 174 18329871
  17. [20]Huang H Drosophila CAF-1 regulates HP1-mediated epigenetic silencing and pericentric heterochromatin stability J. Cell Sci 2010 123 2853 2861 20663913
  18. [21]Chiolo I Double-strand breaks in heterochromatin move outside of a dynamic HP1a domain to complete recombinational repair Cell 2011 144 732 744 21353298 PMC3417143
  19. [22]Federoff NV Transposable elements, epigenetics, and genome evolution Science 2012 338 758 767 23145453
  20. [23]Sadaie M Balance between distinct HP1 family proteins controls heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast Mol. Cell. Biol 2008 28 6973 6988 18809570 PMC2593388
  21. [24]Fischer T Diverse roles of HP1 proteins in heterochromatin assembly and functions in fission yeast Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2009 106 8998 9003 19443688 PMC2690032
  22. [25]Czermin B Physical and functional association of SU(VAR)3-9 and HDAC1 in Drosophila EMBO Rep 2001 2 915 919 11571273 PMC1084088
  23. [26]Motamedi MR HP1 proteins form distinct complexes and mediate heterochromatic gene silencing by non-overlapping mechanisms Mol. Cell 2008 32 778 790 19111658 PMC2735125
  24. [27]Alper BJ Centromeric heterochromatin assembly in fission yeast-balancing transcription, RNA interference, and chromatin modification Chromosome Res 2012 20 521 534 22733402 PMC3580186
  25. [28]Honda S Heterochromatin protein 1 forms distinct complexes to direct histone deacetylation and DNA methylation Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol 2012 19 471 477 22504884 PMC4957970
  26. [29]Aygun O HDAC-mediated suppression of histone turnover promotes epigenetic stability of heterochromatin Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol 2013 20 547 554 23604080 PMC3661211
  27. [30]Maksakova IA H3K9me3-binding proteins are dispesable for SETDB1/H3K9me3-dependent retroviral silencing Epigenet. Chromatin 2011 4 12 PMC3169442 21774827
  28. [31]Azzaz AM HP1Hsα promotes nucleosome associations that drive chromatin condensation J. Biol. Chem 2014 jbc.M113.512137 PMC3945347 24415761
  29. [32]Canzio D Chromodomain-mediated oligomerization of HP1 suggests a nucleosome-bridging mechanism for heterochromatin assembly Mol. Cell 2011 41 67 81 21211724 PMC3752404
  30. [33]Munari F Methylation of lysine 9 in histone H3 directs alternative modes of highly dynamic interaction of heterochromatin protein hHP1β with the nucleosome J. Biol. Chem 2012 287 33756 33765 22815475 PMC3460472
  31. [34]Canzio D A conformational switch in HP1 releases auto-inhibition to drive heterochromatin assembly Nature 2013 496 377 381 23485968 PMC3907283
  32. [35]Nonaka N Recruitment of cohesin to heterochromatic regions by Swi6/HP1 in fission yeast Nat. Cell Biol 2002 4 89 93 11780129
  33. [36]Hahn M Suv4-20h2 mediates chromatin compaction and is important for cohesin recruitment to heterochromatin Genes Dev 2013 27 859 872 23599346 PMC3650224
  34. [37]Keller C HP1Swi6 mediates the recognition and destruction of heterochromatic RNA transcripts Mol. Cell 2012 47 215 227 22683269
  35. [38]Klattenhoff C The Drosophila HP1 homologue Rhinois required for transposon silencing and piRNA production by dual strand clusters Cell 2009 138 1137 1149 19732946 PMC2770713
  36. [39]Castel SE Martiensson RA RNA interference in the nucleus: roles for small RNAs in transcription, epigenetics and beyond Nat. Rev. Genet 2013 14 100 112 23329111 PMC4205957
  37. [40]Casteñeda J piRNAs, transposon silencing, and germline genome integrity Mutat. Res 2011 714 95 104 21600904
  38. [41]Wang S Elgin SCR Drosophila Piwi functions downstream of piRNA production mediating a chromatin-based transposon silencing mechanism in female germline Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2011 108 21164 21169 22160707 PMC3248523
  39. [42]Le Thomas A Piwi induces piRNA-guided transcriptional silencing and establishment of a repressive chromatin state Genes Dev 2013 27 390 399 23392610 PMC3589556
  40. [43]Sienski G Transcriptional silencing of transposons by Piwi and Maelstrom and its impact on chromatin state and gene expression Cell 2012 151 964 980 23159368 PMC3504300
  41. [44]Mendez DL The HP1a disordered C terminus and chromo shadow domain cooperate to select target peptide partners ChemBiochem 2011 12 1084 1096 21472955 PMC3154745
  42. [45]Bulut-Karslioglu A A transcription factor-based mechanism for mouse heterochromatin formation Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol 2012 19 1023 1030 22983563
  43. [46]Ito S Epigenetic silencing of core histone genes by HERS in Drosophila Mol. Cell 2012 45 494 504 22365829
  44. [47]Cammas F Association of the transcriptional corepressor TIF1beta with heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1): an essential role for progression throughdifferentiation Genes Dev 2004 18 2147 2160 15342492 PMC515292
  45. [49]Kharchenko PV Comprehensive analysis of the chromatin landscape in Drosophila melanogaster Nature 2011 471 480 485 21179089 PMC3109908
  46. [50]Riddle NC Plasticity in patterns of histone modifications and chromosomal proteins in Drosophila heterochromatin Genome Res 2011 21 147 163 21177972 PMC3032919
  47. [51]Yasuhara JC Wakimoto BT Oxymoron no more: the expanding worldof heterochromatic genes Trends Genet 2006 22 330 338 16690158
  48. [52]Grewal SI Jia S Heterochromatin revisited Nat. Rev. Genet 2007 8 35 46 17173056
  49. [53]Ruan J Structural basis of the chromodomain of Cbx3 bound to methylated peptides from histone H1 and G9a PLoS ONE 2012 7 4 e35376 22514736 PMC3325965
  50. [54]Riddle NC Enrichment of HP1a on Drosophila chromosome 4 genes creates an alternate chromatin structure critical for regulation in this heterochromatic domain PLoS Genet 2012 8 9 e1002954 2012 Sep 23028361 PMC3447959
  51. [55]Rangan P piRNA production requires heterochromatin formation in Drosophila Curr. Biol 2011 21 1373 1379 21820311 PMC3205116
  52. [56]Cryderman DE Heterochromatin protein 1a is required for an open chromatin structure Transcription 2011 2 95 99 21468237 PMC3062402
  53. [57]James TC Distribution patterns of HPI, a heterochromatin-associated chromosomal protein of Drosophila Eur. J. Cell Biol 1989 50 170 180 2515059
  54. [58]de Wit E High-resolution mapping reveals links of HP1with active and inactive chromatin components PLoS Genet 2007 3 3 e38 17335352 PMC1808074
  55. [59]Piacentini L Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1a) positively regulates euchromatic gene expression through RNA transcript association and interaction with hnRNPs in Drosophila PLoS Genet 2009 5 10 e1000670 19798443 PMC2743825
  56. [60]Smallwood A CBX3 regulates efficient RNA processing genome-wide Genome Res 2012 22 1426 1436 22684280 PMC3409256
  57. [61]Bühler M Hiller S Dynamic nature of heterochromatin highlighted by a HP1Swi6-dependent gene silencing mechanism Cell Cycle 2012 11 3907 3908 23032265 PMC3507478
  58. [62]Ip JY Global impact of RNA polymerase II elongation inhibition on alternative splicing regulation Genome Res 2011 21 390 401 21163941 PMC3044853
  59. [63]LeRoy G Heterochromatin protein 1 is extensively decorated with histone code-like post-translational modifications Mol Cell Proteomics 2009 8 2432 2442 19567367 PMC2773712
  60. [64]Minc E Localization and phosphorylation of HP1 proteinsduring the cell cycle in mammalian cells Chromosoma 1999 108 220 234 10460410
  61. [65]Koike N Identification of heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) as a phosphorylation target by Pim-1 kinase and the effect of phosphorylation on the transcriptional repression function of HP1 FEBS Lett 2000 467 17 21 10664448
  62. [66]Ayoub N HP1-beta mobilization promotes chromatin changes that initiate the DNA damage response Nature 2008 453 682 686 18438399
  63. [67]Zhao T Eissenberg JC Phosphorylation of Heterochromatin Protein 1 by casein kinase II is required for efficient heterochromatin binding in Drosophila J. Biol. Chem 1999 274 15095 15100 10329715
  64. [68]Zhao T Phosphorylation site mutations in Heterochromatin Protein 1 (HP1) reduce or eliminate silencing activity J. Biol. Chem 2001 276 9512 9518 11121421
  65. [69]Badugu R Mutations in the heterochromatin protein 1 (HP1) hinge domain affect HP1 protein interactions and chromosomal distribution Chromosoma 2005 113 370 384 15592864
  66. [70]Chaturvedi P Parniak VK Lamin A rod domain mutants target Heterochromatin Protein 1α and β for proteasomal degradation by activation of F-box protein, FBXW10 PLoS ONE 2010 13 5 e10620 5 20498703 PMC2869352
  67. [71]Chaturvedi P Ubiquitin ligase RNF123 mediates degradation of Heterochromatin Protein 1a and b in lamin A/C knock-down cells PLoS ONE 2012 7 10 e47558 23077635 PMC3471868
  68. [72]Maison C SUMOylation promotes de novo targeting of HP1alpha to pericentric heterochromatin Nat. Genet 2011 43 220 227 21317888
  69. [73]Maison C The SUMO protease SENP7 is a critical component to ensure HP1 enrichment at pericentric heterochromatin Nat. Struct. Mol. Biol 2012 19 458 460 22388734
  70. [74]Hughes RM Recognition of trimethyllysine by a chromodomain is not driven by the hydrophobic effect Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 2007 104 11184 11188 17581885 PMC2040873
  71. [75]Sun FL Long-range nucleosome ordering is associated with gene silencing in Drosophila melanogaster pericentric heterochromatin Mol. Cell. Biol 2001 21 2867 2879 11283265 PMC86916
  72. [76]Jacobs SA Specificity of HP1 chromo domain for methylated N-terminus of histone H3 EMBO J 2001 20 5232 5241 11566886 PMC125272
  73. [77]Gunesdogan U A genetic system to assess in vivo the functions of histones and histone modifications in higher eukaryotes EMBO Rep 2010 11 772 776 20814422 PMC2948182
  74. [78]Pengelly AR A histone mutant reproduces the phenotype caused by loss of histone-modifying factor Polycomb Science 2013 339 698 699 23393264
  75. [79]Cheutin T Maintenance of stable heterochromatin domainsby dynamic HP1 binding Science 2003 299 721 725 12560555

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Authors
Eissenberg, J. C., & Elgin, S. C. R.
Affiliations
  • Saint Louis University (US)
  • Washington University in St. Louis (US)
Corresponding author
Elgin, Sarah C.R.
ORCID
Elgin, Sarah C.R.
Venue
Trends in Genetics
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-03
Volume
30
Issue
3
Pages
103-110
ISSN
0168-9525 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.tig.2014.01.002
PMC
PMC3991861
OpenAlex
W2049579790
Cited by
171
References
5
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 11 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 17 · 2020: 23 · 2019: 16 · 2018: 20 · 2017: 15 · 2016: 15 · 2015: 12 · 2014: 8
FWCI
1.57
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Trends in Genetics (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • Europe PMC (PubMed Central) (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
  • Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis) (submittedVersion)
Funders
National Institute of General Medical Sciences (R01GM068388)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics and Chromatin Dynamics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Nuclear Structure and Function
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Epigenetics and DNA Methylation
Keywords
HP1α, HP1, pericentromeric heterochromatin, gene silencing, chromodomain, histone H3 lysine 9 methylation, chromatin structure, transcriptional regulation, post-translational modification, Drosophila
MeSH terms
Chromobox Protein Homolog 5, Animals, Chromosomal Proteins, Non-Histone, Chromosomes, Humans, Protein Processing, Post-Translational, Transcription, Genetic, Transcriptional Activation, Gene Silencing

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review