Monitoring of hematological, inflammatory and oxidative reactions to acute oral iron exposure in human volunteers: preliminary screening for selection of potentially-responsive biomarkers
Abstract
Background Iron is an essential micronutrient but also a major catalyst of oxidative and inflammatory reactions.Objective To evaluate the potential utility of selected biomarkers in blood or urine to indicate in vivo oxidative or inflammatory response to oral iron intake at pharmacological doses.Methods Three healthy volunteers provided morning, fasting samples of blood and urine on up to 13 study days--3 before, 7 during and 3 following a 7-consecutive-day period of receiving 120 mg of iron per day as ferrous sulfate in commercially available syrup. A series of 23 biomarkers were measured on each collection of biological fluids to monitor iron-responsive changes in biomarkers related to hematological or iron status, inflammation and in vivo oxidation.Results Among the inflammatory biomarkers measured, white blood cells, serum CRP and urinary neopterin showed no response to iron dosing. Only circulating interleukin-4 (IL-4) and TNF-alpha had abnormal responses with a time association to the oral iron intake. Among the oxidative biomarkers, expression of blood superoxide dismutase (SOD), hemoxygenase-1, catalase as well as circulating thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS), total oxidative capacity and carbonyl proteins were stable in response to iron exposure. Only urinary TBARS, 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine and isoprostanes evidenced consistent or suggestive responses to ingestion of the iron challenge. Serum hepcidin concentration increased dramatically in all three subjects after only the first 120 mg dose of iron, and remained elevated even 9 days after cessation of the iron intervention.Conclusions Most of the candidate biomarkers show very limited promise as response-indicators to oral iron dosing at the 120 mg dosages or lower, but circulating IL-4, TNF-alpha as well as urinary TBARS, 8-hydroxy-2-desoxyguanosine and isoprostanes showed potential utility as reliable indicators of oxidative and inflammatory response to oral ferrous sulfate.
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The concept that systemic chronic low-grade inflammation raises risk for metabolic syndrome and type 2 diabetes rests on observations of higher inflammation marker levels in people with those conditions.
“The concept of systemic, chronic, but low-grade inflammation as a risk factor for the metabolic syndrome and for type 2 diabetes is based on the observation of elevated blood levels of inflammation-associated markers in people with incident type 2 diabetes or with the metabolic syndrome (2,3) .”
From Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity (2011) · cites this paper as [2]
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- Authors
- Schümann, K., Kroll, S., Weiss, G., Frank, J., Biesalski, H. K., Daniel, H., Friel, J., & Solomons, N. W.
- Affiliations
- Technical University of Munich (DE)
- Innsbruck Medical University (AT)
- University of Hohenheim (DE)
- University of Manitoba (CA)
- Corresponding author
- Schümann, K.
- Venue
- Toxicology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-08
- Volume
- 212
- Issue
- 1
- Pages
- 10-23
- ISSN
- 0300-483X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2022175961
- Cited by
- 47
- References
- 40
- Citations by year
- 2024: 2 · 2023: 1 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 1 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 2 · 2015: 2 · 2014: 1 · 2013: 1 · 2012: 5
- FWCI
- 2.17
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Toxicology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Hematology › Iron Metabolism and Disorders
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry › Antioxidant Activity and Oxidative Stress
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Trace Elements in Health
- Keywords
- ferrous sulfate, oxidative stress, inflammation, biomarkers, hepcidin, IL-4, TNF-α, TBARS, isoprostanes, superoxide dismutase, heme oxygenase-1, catalase, protein carbonyls, urinary biomarkers
- MeSH terms
- Administration, Oral, Adult, Female, Ferrous Compounds, Hematologic Tests, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Pilot Projects, Biomarkers, Oxidative Stress
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Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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