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Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity

Open access
Meyer, Joel N., Leuthner, Tess C., Luz, Anthony L.·2017·Toxicology

Abstract

Mitochondrial dynamics are regulated by two sets of opposed processes: mitochondrial fusion and fission, and mitochondrial biogenesis and degradation (including mitophagy), as well as processes such as intracellular transport. These processes maintain mitochondrial homeostasis, regulate mitochondrial form, volume and function, and are increasingly understood to be critical components of the cellular stress response. Mitochondrial dynamics vary based on developmental stage and age, cell type, environmental factors, and genetic background. Indeed, many mitochondrial homeostasis genes are human disease genes. Emerging evidence indicates that deficiencies in these genes often sensitize to environmental exposures, yet can also be protective under certain circumstances. Inhibition of mitochondrial dynamics also affects elimination of irreparable mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) damage and transmission of mtDNA mutations. We briefly review the basic biology of mitodynamic processes with a focus on mitochondrial fusion and fission, discuss what is known and unknown regarding how these processes respond to chemical and other stressors, and review the literature on interactions between mitochondrial toxicity and genetic variation in mitochondrial fusion and fission genes. Finally, we suggest areas for future research, including elucidating the full range of mitodynamic responses from low to high-level exposures, and from acute to chronic exposures; detailed examination of the physiological consequences of mitodynamic alterations in different cell types; mechanism-based testing of mitotoxicant interactions with interindividual variability in mitodynamics processes; and incorporating other environmental variables that affect mitochondria, such as diet and exercise.

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Metadata

Authors
Meyer, J. N., Leuthner, T. C., & Luz, A. L.
Venue
Toxicology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2017-11
Volume
391
Pages
42-53
ISSN
0300-483X (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2742558281
Cited by
522
References
167
FWCI
11.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.019
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Meyer, J. N., Leuthner, T. C., & Luz, A. L. (2017). Mitochondrial fusion, fission, and mitochondrial toxicity. Toxicology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tox.2017.07.019

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