A Systematic Review of Pesticide Exposure, Associated Risks, and Long-Term Human Health Impacts
Open accessAbstract
Pesticides are widely used to control pests, but their widespread use raises concerns regarding potential health risks for humans. There are several routes through which pesticides can be ingested, inhaled, and absorbed, resulting in acute and long-term health consequences. This systematic review synthesizes the available evidence regarding the health risks and long-term effects of pesticide exposure, with a particular focus on epidemiological and toxicological studies. A systematic review was conducted by searching scientific databases i.e. Scopus, and Web of Science for peer-reviewed articles published between 2000 and 2024. Studies were selected based on their focus on pesticide exposure, health risks, and long-term effects. Meta-analysis was conducted where sufficient homogeneity of outcomes allowed. This review identified consistent associations between chronic pesticide exposure and non-communicable diseases, including cancer, neurological disorders, and endocrine disruptions. An increased incidence of respiratory issues and neurodegenerative diseases was often associated with occupational exposure to pesticides. People exposed for a prolonged or high intensity time period, particularly agricultural workers, were more likely to experience long-term health effects. There are a number of factors that influences the ability to draw definitive conclusions, including variations in pesticide types, exposure levels, and health outcomes. Chronic exposure to pesticides presents significant health risks, particularly for individuals in high-exposure environments like agriculture. While evidence indicates strong associations with several long-term health conditions, additional research is necessary to elucidate dose-response relationships and mechanisms of action. This review underscores the necessity for enhanced regulatory measures and improved safety protocols to mitigate pesticide-related health risks.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Pulses have low water requirements, accounting for only 9.61% of the water needed for beef protein production.
“including low water requirements, accounting for only 9.61% of the water needed for beef protein production;”
From Valorization of Microalgae as Multifunctional Protein Sources in Plant-Based Systems: Structural, Functional, and Processing Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
The ‘Transmission of pesticide residue’ section discusses pesticide contamination of water, not the water required to produce pulses or beef protein. Searches for ‘9.61%’ and for a pulses-versus-beef water comparison found no passage addressing the claim in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measuredPulses enhance biodiversity and biological nitrogen fixation, which reduces dependence on synthetic fertilizers and associated greenhouse gas emissions.
“enhanced biodiversity; and biological nitrogen fixation, which reduces dependence on synthetic fertilizers and associated greenhouse gas emissions (GHGs) (Figure 2) [25].”
From Valorization of Microalgae as Multifunctional Protein Sources in Plant-Based Systems: Structural, Functional, and Processing Challenges (2026) · cites this paper as [25]
The Introduction and Conclusion discuss pesticide impacts and sustainable agricultural practices, but neither addresses pulses or biological nitrogen fixation. Searches for pulses, nitrogen fixation, synthetic fertilizers, and greenhouse gas emissions found no passage supporting the claimed connection. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Rethlefsen, M. L., Kirtley, S., Waffenschmidt, S., Ayala, A. P., Moher, D., Page, M. J., Koffel, J. B., PRISMA-S Group, Blunt, H., Brigham, T., et al. (2021) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-020-01542-z · Cited by 3,714 · see citing works
Rethlefsen, M. L., Kirtley, S., Waffenschmidt, S., Ayala, A. P., Moher, D., Page, M. J., & Koffel, J. (2019) · doi:10.31219/osf.io/sfc38 · Cited by 3,696 · see citing works
Agriculture Development, Pesticide Application and Its Impact on the Environment
Tudi, M., Ruan, H. D., Wang, L., Lyu, J., Sadler, R., Connell, D., Chu, C. M.-Y., & Phung, D. T. (2021) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph18031112 · Cited by 2,693 · see citing works
Pesticide Exposure, Safety Issues, and Risk Assessment Indicators
Damalas, C. A., & Eleftherohorinos, I. G. (2011) · International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health · doi:10.3390/ijerph8051402 · Cited by 2,445 · see citing works
Exposure to pesticides and the associated human health effects
Kim, K., Kabir, E., & Jahan, S. A. (2016) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.09.009 · Cited by 2,203 · see citing works
Worldwide pesticide usage and its impacts on ecosystem
Sharma, A., Kumar, V., Shahzad, B., Tanveer, M., Sidhu, G. P. S., Handa, N., Kohli, S. K., Yadav, P. T., Bali, A. S., Parihar, R. D., et al. (2019) · SN Applied Sciences · doi:10.1007/s42452-019-1485-1 · Cited by 2,143 · see citing works
Self-citationThe mobility and degradation of pesticides in soils and the pollution of groundwater resources
Arias‐Estévez, M., Periago, E. L., Martínez‐Carballo, E., Simal‐Gándara, J., Mejuto, J. C., & García‐Río, L. (2007) · Agriculture Ecosystems & Environment · doi:10.1016/j.agee.2007.07.011 · Cited by 1,382 · see citing works
Pesticides and human chronic diseases: Evidences, mechanisms, and perspectives
Mostafalou, S., & Abdollahi, M. R. (2013) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2013.01.025 · Cited by 1,266 · see citing works
Jayaraj, R., Megha, P., & Sreedev, P. (2016) · Interdisciplinary Toxicology · doi:10.1515/intox-2016-0012 · Cited by 1,171 · see citing works
Health Effects of Chronic Pesticide Exposure: Cancer and Neurotoxicity
Alavanja, M. C. R., Hoppin, J. A., & Kamel, F. (2004) · Annual Review of Public Health · doi:10.1146/annurev.publhealth.25.101802.123020 · Cited by 827 · see citing works
Current issues in organophosphate toxicology
Costa, L. G. (2005) · Clinica Chimica Acta · doi:10.1016/j.cca.2005.10.008 · Cited by 700 · see citing works
Hazardous effects of chemical pesticides on human health–Cancer and other associated disorders
Sabarwal, A., Kumar, K., & Singh, R. P. (2018) · Environmental Toxicology and Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.etap.2018.08.018 · Cited by 659 · see citing works
ORGANOPHOSPHORUS PESTICIDES: DO THEY ALL HAVE THE SAME MECHANISM OF TOXICITY?
Pope, C. (1999) · Journal of Toxicology and Environmental Health Part B · doi:10.1080/109374099281205 · Cited by 650 · see citing works
Marrs, T. C. (1993) · Pharmacology & Therapeutics · doi:10.1016/0163-7258(93)90066-m · Cited by 643 · see citing works
Toxic effects of pesticide mixtures at a molecular level: Their relevance to human health
Hernández, A. F., Carreño, T. P., Tsatsakis, A. M., Requena, M., Alarcón, R., & López‐Guarnido, O. (2012) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.06.009 · Cited by 619 · see citing works
Environmental pollutants and their effects on human health
Shetty, S. S., Deepthi, D., Harshitha, S., Sonkusare, S., Naik, P. B., Kumari, S., & Madhyastha, H. (2023) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e19496 · Cited by 539 · see citing works
Pesticides: formulants, distribution pathways and effects on human health – a review
Kalyabina, V. P., Esimbekova, E. N., Kopylova, K. V., & Kratasyuk, V. A. (2021) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.06.004 · Cited by 511 · see citing works
Rethlefsen, M. L., Kirtley, S., Waffenschmidt, S., Ayala, A. P., Moher, D., Page, M. J., Koffel, J. B., & PRISMA-S Group (2021) · Journal of the Medical Library Association JMLA · doi:10.5195/jmla.2021.962 · Cited by 492 · see citing works
Persistent organochlorinated pesticides and mechanisms of their toxicity
Mrema, E. J., Rubino, F. M., Brambilla, G., Moretto, A., Tsatsakis, A. M., & Colosio, C. (2012) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2012.11.015 · Cited by 482 · see citing works
Pesticide exposure—Indian scene
Gupta, P. K. (2004) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2004.01.021 · Cited by 462 · see citing works
Pyrethroids: Exposure and health effects – An update
Saillenfait, A., Ndiaye, D., & Sabaté, J. (2015) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2015.01.002 · Cited by 456 · see citing works
Ali, H., & Khan, E. (2018) · Environmental Chemistry Letters · doi:10.1007/s10311-018-0734-7 · Cited by 398 · see citing works
Wozniak, A. L., Bulayeva, N. N., & Watson, C. S. (2005) · Environmental Health Perspectives · doi:10.1289/ehp.7505 · Cited by 358 · see citing works
Exposure Routes and Health Risks Associated with Pesticide Application
Tudi, M., Li, H., Li, H., Wang, L., Lyu, J., Wang, L., Tong, S., Yu, Q., Ruan, H. D., Atabila, A., et al. (2022) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics10060335 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Exposure to pesticides or solvents and risk of Parkinson disease
Pezzoli, G., & Cereda, E. (2013) · Neurology · doi:10.1212/wnl.0b013e318294b3c8 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Brown, L. M., Blair, A. E., Gibson, R. W., Everett, G. D., Cantor, K. P., Schuman, L. M., Burmeister, L. F., Lier, S. F. V., & Dick, F. R. (1990) · PubMed · Cited by 312 · see citing works
Pesticides Classification and its Impact on Environment
Kaur, R., Mavi, G. K., Raghav, S., & Khan, I. (2019) · International Journal of Current Microbiology and Applied Sciences · doi:10.20546/ijcmas.2019.803.224 · Cited by 302 · see citing works
Aluminium and zinc phosphide poisoning
Proudfoot, A. T. (2009) · Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/15563650802520675 · Cited by 288 · see citing works
DDT Exposure in Utero and Breast Cancer
Cohn, B. A., Merrill, M. A. L., Krigbaum, N. Y., Yeh, G., Park, J.-S., Zimmermann, L. M., & Cirillo, P. M. (2015) · The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism · doi:10.1210/jc.2015-1841 · Cited by 283 · see citing works
Sources of exposure to and public health implications of organophosphate pesticides
Jaga, K., & Dharmani, C. (2003) · Revista Panamericana de Salud Pública · doi:10.1590/s1020-49892003000800004 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Worldwide integrated assessment on systemic pesticides
van Lexmond, M. B., Bonmatin, J., Goulson, D., & Noome, D. A. (2014) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-014-3220-1 · Cited by 274 · see citing works
Endocrine-disrupting chemicals and obesity development in humans: A review
Tang-Péronard, J. L., Andersen, H. R., Jensen, T. K., & Heitmann, B. L. (2011) · Obesity Reviews · doi:10.1111/j.1467-789x.2011.00871.x · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Carbofuran toxicity and its microbial degradation in contaminated environments
Mishra, S., Zhang, W., Lin, Z., Pang, S., Huang, Y., Bhatt, P., & Chen, S. (2020) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2020.127419 · Cited by 237 · see citing works
Insect Growth Regulators for Insect Pest Control
Tunaz, H. (2004) · DergiPark (Istanbul University) · Cited by 230 · see citing works
Bao, W., Liu, B., Simonsen, D., et al. (2019) · JAMA Internal Medicine · doi:10.1001/jamainternmed.2019.6019 · Cited by 211 · see citing works
Guerrera, M. C., Aragona, M., Porcino, C., Fazio, F., Laurà, R., Levanti, M. B., Montalbano, G., Germanà, G. P., Abbate, F., & Germanà, A. (2021) · Applied Sciences · doi:10.3390/app11135768 · Cited by 185 · see citing works
Hanke, W., & Jurewicz, J. (2004) · PubMed · Cited by 180 · see citing works
Water Pollution and Agriculture Pesticide
Rad, S. M., Ray, A. K., & Barghi, S. (2022) · Clean Technologies · doi:10.3390/cleantechnol4040066 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Discovery and development of pyrethroid insecticides
Matsuo, N. (2019) · Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B · doi:10.2183/pjab.95.027 · Cited by 175 · see citing works
Organochlorine pesticides: Agrochemicals with potent endocrine-disrupting properties in fish
Martyniuk, C. J., Mehinto, A. C., & Denslow, N. D. (2020) · Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology · doi:10.1016/j.mce.2020.110764 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Pesticide use and adult-onset asthma among male farmers in the Agricultural Health Study
Hoppin, J. A., Umbach, D. M., London, S. J., Henneberger, P. K., Kullman, G. J., Coble, J., Alavanja, M. C. R., Freeman, L. E. B., & Sandler, D. P. (2009) · European Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1183/09031936.00005509 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Hernández, A. F., Carreño, T. P., & Alarcón, R. (2011) · Current Opinion in Allergy and Clinical Immunology · doi:10.1097/aci.0b013e3283445939 · Cited by 159 · see citing works
Sharma, A. K., Sharma, M., Sharma, A. K., Sharma, M., & Sharma, M. (2023) · Journal of Geochemical Exploration · doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2023.107325 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Self-citationChormare, R., & Kumar, M. A. (2022) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2022.134836 · Cited by 149 · see citing works
Pyrethroid based pesticides – chemical and biological aspects
Ravula, A. R., & Yenugu, S. (2021) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408444.2021.1879007 · Cited by 147 · see citing works
Wang, X., Ryu, D., Houtkooper, R., & Auwerx, J. (2015) · Bioessays · doi:10.1002/bies.201500071 · Cited by 146 · see citing works
Anatomy and Physiology of the Breast during Pregnancy and Lactation
Alex, A., Bhandary, E., & McGuire, K. P. (2020) · Advances in experimental medicine and biology · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-41596-9_1 · Cited by 145 · see citing works
Moran, S. P., Maksymetz, J., & Conn, P. J. (2019) · Trends in Pharmacological Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.tips.2019.10.007 · Cited by 137 · see citing works
Mvumi, B. M., Stathers, T. E., Kaparadza, V., et al. (1989) · International Journal of Tropical Insect Science · doi:10.1017/s1742758400021627 · Cited by 134 · see citing works
Bucheli, T. D., Mueller, S. R., Heberle, S., & Schwarzenbach, R. P. (1998) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es980317n · Cited by 131 · see citing works
CLASSIFICATION OF PESTICIDES: A REVIEW
Akashe, M. M., Venkatrao, P. U., & Nikam, A. V. (2018) · International Journal of Research in Ayurveda and Pharmacy · doi:10.7897/2277-4343.094131 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Chakraborty, S., Mukherjee, S., Roychoudhury, S., et al. (2009) · Journal of Occupational Health · doi:10.1539/joh.l9070 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Toxic Effects of Organochlorine Pesticides: A Review
Singh, Z. (2016) · American Journal of BioScience · doi:10.11648/j.ajbio.s.2016040301.13 · Cited by 126 · see citing works
Gómez-Regalado, M. D. C., Martı́n, J., Santos, J. L., Aparicio, I., Alonso, E., & Zafra‐Gómez, A. (2022) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160638 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Pesticide exposure and liver cancer: a review
VoPham, T., Bertrand, K. A., Hart, J. E., Laden, F., Brooks, M. M., Yuan, J., Talbott, E. O., Ruddell, D. M., Chang, C. H., & Weissfeld, J. L. (2017) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-017-0854-6 · Cited by 113 · see citing works
An assessment of structure and toxicity correlation in organochlorine pesticides
Kaushik, P., & Kaushik, G. (2006) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2006.08.073 · Cited by 106 · see citing works
Reproductive Disorders Associated with Pesticide Exposure
Frazier, L. M. (2007) · Journal of Agromedicine · doi:10.1300/j096v12n01_04 · Cited by 99 · see citing works
Foster, P. M. D. (2005) · Critical Reviews in Toxicology · doi:10.1080/10408440591007395 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
From immunotoxicity to carcinogenicity: the effects of carbamate pesticides on the immune system
Dhouib, I., Jallouli, M., Annabi, A. B., Marzouki, S., Gharbi, N., El‐Fazâa, S., & Lasram, M. M. (2016) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-016-6418-6 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Impact of Pesticides Application on Aquatic Ecosystem and Biodiversity: A Review
Kumar, P., Kumar, R., Thakur, K., et al. (2023) · Biology Bulletin · doi:10.1134/s1062359023601386 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationImpact of low-level exposure to organophosphates on human reproduction and survival
Peiris-John, R. J., & Wickremasinghe, R. (2008) · Transactions of the Royal Society of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene · doi:10.1016/j.trstmh.2007.11.012 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Environmental exposure to pesticides and respiratory health
Mamane, A., Rahérison, C., Tessier, J. F., et al. (2015) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/16000617.00006114 · Cited by 92 · see citing works
Biofilm-Mediated Bioremediation of Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons
Shukla, S. K., Mangwani, N., Rao, T. S., et al. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-800021-2.00008-x · Cited by 86 · see citing works
A systematic review of myeloid leukemias and occupational pesticide exposure
Maele‐Fabry, G. V., Duhayon, S., & Lison, D. (2007) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-007-0122-2 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
Ali, Z., Yousafzai, A. M., Sher, N., et al. (2021) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2021.02.003 · Cited by 85 · see citing works
New Pheromones and Insect Control Strategies
Reddy, G. V. P., & Guerrero, Á. (2010) · Vitamins and hormones · doi:10.1016/s0083-6729(10)83020-1 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Hu, L., Luo, D., Zhou, T., Tao, Y., Feng, J., & Mei, S. (2017) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2017.08.028 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
PESTICIDE USE AND ITS IMPACTS ON HUMAN HEALTH AND ENVIRONMENT
Poudel, S., Poudel, B., Acharya, B., et al. (2020) · Environment & Ecosystem science · doi:10.26480/ees.01.2020.47.51 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Damseth, S., Thakur, K., Kumar, R., et al. (2024) · HydroResearch · doi:10.1016/j.hydres.2024.01.004 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Self-citationToshima, H., Suzuki, Y., Imai, K., Yoshinaga, J., Shiraishi, H., Mizumoto, Y., Hatakeyama, S., 小野原千恵, & Tokuoka, S. (2011) · International Journal of Hygiene and Environmental Health · doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.005 · Cited by 78 · see citing works
Pathak, R. K., & Dikshit, A. K. (2012) · International Journal of Ecosystem · doi:10.5923/j.ije.20110101.03 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Review of anthraquinone applications for pest management and agricultural crop protection
Tupper, S. K., & Werner, S. J. (2016) · Pest Management Science · doi:10.1002/ps.4330 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Environmental Fate and Effects of the Lampricide TFM: a Review
Hubert, T. D. (2003) · Journal of Great Lakes Research · doi:10.1016/s0380-1330(03)70508-5 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Sharma, A. K., Sharma, M., Sharma, S., Malik, D. S., Sharma, M., Sharma, M., & Sharma, A. K. (2024) · Journal of Geochemical Exploration · doi:10.1016/j.gexplo.2024.107472 · Cited by 71 · see citing works
Self-citationCase report: Survival after deliberate strychnine self-poisoning, with toxicokinetic data
Wood, D. M., Webster, E., Martinez, D., et al. (2002) · Critical Care · doi:10.1186/cc1549 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Barr, D. B., Weihe, P., Davis, M., et al. (2005) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.06.063 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Adverse Effects of Ribavirin and Outcome in Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome
Chiou, H.-E., Liu, C., Buttrey, M. J., et al. (2005) · CHEST Journal · doi:10.1378/chest.128.1.263 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Petit, C., Chevrier, C., Durand, G., et al. (2010) · Environmental Health · doi:10.1186/1476-069x-9-71 · Cited by 68 · see citing works
Nature and extent of groundwater contamination by pesticides in an agricultural watershed
Pionke, H. B., & Glotfelty, D. E. (1989) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/0043-1354(89)90178-4 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Agricultural Pesticide Use, Familial Cancer, and Risk of Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma
Chiu, B. C. ‐., Weisenburger, D. D., Zahm, S. H., et al. (2004) · Cancer Epidemiology Biomarkers & Prevention · doi:10.1158/1055-9965.525.13.4 · Cited by 66 · see citing works
Hüskes, R., & Levsen, K. (1997) · Chemosphere · doi:10.1016/s0045-6535(97)10003-0 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Lee, D., Lind, P., Jacobs, D. R., Salihović, S., van Bavel, B., & Lind, L. (2016) · Environment International · doi:10.1016/j.envint.2016.02.001 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Mutagenic effects of carbosulfan, a carbamate pesticide
Giri, S., Giri, A., Sharma, G. D., et al. (2002) · Mutation Research/Genetic Toxicology and Environmental Mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/s1383-5718(02)00114-6 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Systemic and non-systemic pesticides in apples from Kazakhstan and their impact on human health
Łozowicka, B., Kaczyński, P., Mojsak, P., et al. (2020) · Journal of Food Composition and Analysis · doi:10.1016/j.jfca.2020.103494 · Cited by 61 · see citing works
Wilson, W. W., Shapiro, L. P., Bradner, J. M., et al. (2014) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2014.07.008 · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Ramchandra, A. M., & Victor, P. J. (2019) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23304 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Tyagi, S. R., Siddarth, M., Mishra, B. K., Banerjee, B. D., Urfi, A. J., & Madhu, S. V. (2020) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116287 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Is pesticide exposure a cause of obstructive airways disease?
Doust, E., Ayres, J. G., Devereux, G., Dick, F. D., Crawford, J. O., Cowie, H. A., & Dixon, K. (2014) · European Respiratory Review · doi:10.1183/09059180.00005113 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Carbamate Pesticides: Shedding Light on Their Impact on the Male Reproductive System
Moreira, S., Silva, R., Carrageta, D. F., et al. (2022) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms23158206 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Meng, X., Yu, J., Yu, M., et al. (2015) · Biological Control · doi:10.1016/j.biocontrol.2015.03.004 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Organochlorine pesticide levels in Greek patients with Parkinson’s disease
Dardiotis, E., Aloizou, A., Sakalakis, E., Siokas, V., Koureas, M., Xiromerisiou, G., Petinaki, E. A., Wilks, M. F., Tsatsakis, A. M., Hadjichristodoulou, C. S., et al. (2020) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2020.03.011 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Fatal aluminium phosphide poisoning
Meena, M. C., Mittal, S., & Rani, Y. (2015) · Interdisciplinary Toxicology · doi:10.1515/intox-2015-0010 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Application of biodiesel as carrier for insecticide emulsifiable concentrate formulation
Chin, C., Lan, J. C., & Wu, H. (2012) · Journal of the Taiwan Institute of Chemical Engineers · doi:10.1016/j.jtice.2012.02.003 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Fungicides and Their Effects on Animals
Hasan, H. (2010) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/12959 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Singh, N. K., Banerjee, B., Bala, K., Basu, M., & Chhillar, N. (2014) · Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry and Neurology · doi:10.1177/0891988714522698 · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Li, Z., Xiong, J., & Fantke, P. (2022) · Environmental Science Processes & Impacts · doi:10.1039/d1em00454a · Cited by 40 · see citing works
Endocrine disruption of male mating signals: ecological and evolutionary implications
Shenoy, K., & Crowley, P. H. (2010) · Functional Ecology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2435.2010.01787.x · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Organophosphate and carbamate pesticides
Gupta, R. C., Malik, J. K., & Milatović, D. (2011) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-382032-7.10037-2 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Pesticides’ mode of action on aquatic life
Saha, R., & Dutta, S. M. (2024) · Toxicology Reports · doi:10.1016/j.toxrep.2024.101780 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Forshaw, P. J., & Ray, D. E. (1990) · Neuropharmacology · doi:10.1016/0028-3908(90)90086-7 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Characterization of sepiolite-gel-based formulations for controlled release of pesticides
Maqueda, C., Partal, P., Capellán, J. V., et al. (2009) · Applied Clay Science · doi:10.1016/j.clay.2009.08.019 · Cited by 35 · see citing works
Yogendranathan, N., Herath, H. M. M. T. B., Sivasundaram, T., et al. (2017) · BMC Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1186/s40360-017-0144-7 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Yamazaki, K., Araki, A., 中島そのみ, Miyashita, C., Ikeno, T., Itoh, S., Minatoya, M., Kobayashi, S., Mizutani, F., Chisaki, Y., et al. (2017) · NeuroToxicology · doi:10.1016/j.neuro.2017.11.011 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Toxicological Effects of Organophosphates Pesticides
Ghorab, M. A. (2015) · International Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Analysis · doi:10.11648/j.ijema.20150304.13 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Pyrethroids: A Natural Product for Crop Protection
Bhardwaj, K., Sharma, R., Abraham, J., & Sharma, P. K. (2020) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-981-15-3024-1_8 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Neem oil poisoning: Case report of an adult with toxic encephalopathy
Mishra, A. K., & Dave, N. (2013) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.4103/0972-5229.120330 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Toxic Metals: Trace Metals – Chromium, Nickel, Copper, and Aluminum
Tepe, Y. (2014) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-378612-8.00205-5 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Body mass index as a prognostic factor in organophosphate-poisoned patients
Lee, D. H., Jung, K. Y., Choi, Y. H., & Cheon, Y. J. (2014) · The American Journal of Emergency Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ajem.2014.04.030 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Acute chlorpyrifos poisoning in pregnancy: A case report
Solomon, G. M., & Moodley, J. (2007) · Clinical Toxicology · doi:10.1080/15563650601117988 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Toloza, A. C., Vassena, C., & Picollo, M. I. (2008) · Medical and Veterinary Entomology · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2915.2008.00759.x · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Zhao, L., Liu, Q., Jia, Y., et al. (2023) · Toxics · doi:10.3390/toxics11090741 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Chávez-Pichardo, M. E., Reyes-Bravo, D. Y., Mendoza-Trejo, M. S., Marín-López, A. G., Giòrdano, M., Hernández‐Chan, N. G., Domínguez-Marchan, K., Ortega-Rosales, L. C., & Rodríguez, V. M. (2020) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-020-02806-2 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Arsenic Levels in Urine of Forest Workers Applying Silvicides
Tarrant, R. F., & Allard, J. (1972) · Archives of Environmental Health An International Journal · doi:10.1080/00039896.1972.10666083 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Integrated gender-related effects of profenofos and paclobutrazol on neurotransmitters in mouse
Xu, M., & Yang, F. (2019) · Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety · doi:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2019.110085 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Endocrine Disruption by Organophosphate and Carbamate Pesticides
Kitamura, S., Sugihara, K., & Fujimoto, N. (2006) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-012088523-7/50035-1 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Kumar, R., Jindal, R., Kulharia, M., Sharma, A. K., Thakur, K., Brar, B., Mahajan, D., Sharma, A., Kumar, S., & Sharma, D. (2023) · Frontiers in Environmental Science · doi:10.3389/fenvs.2023.1009942 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Self-citationMankame, T. P., Hokanson, R., Fudge, R., Chowdhary, R., & Busbee, D. L. (2006) · Human & Experimental Toxicology · doi:10.1191/0960327106ht622oa · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Pesticide Exposure and Health Related Issues in Male and Female Reproductive System
Sifakis, S., Mparmpas, M., Offie, P., & Tsatsakis, A. M. (2011) · InTech eBooks · doi:10.5772/15845 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Acute rotenone poisoning: A scoping review
Tat, J., Heskett, K. M., & Boss, G. R. (2024) · Heliyon · doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2024.e28334 · Cited by 20 · see citing works
Priorities in Formulation and Activity of Adulticidal Insecticide Bait Sprays for Fruit Flies
Mangan, R. L. (2014) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-017-9193-9_12 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Cavalieri, J. (2017) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/j.anireprosci.2017.03.010 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Sharma, A. K., Kamboj, V., Sharma, A. K., et al. (2020) · Science Archives · doi:10.47587/sa.2020.1315 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationSultana, T., Tasnim, J., Talukder, M. W. H., et al. (2023) · Informatics in Medicine Unlocked · doi:10.1016/j.imu.2023.101378 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Pharmacological Actions of Carbamate Insecticides at Mammalian Melatonin Receptors
Glatfelter, G. C., Jones, A., Rajnarayanan, R. V., & Dubocovich, M. L. (2020) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.120.000065 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Liu, Q., Wei, K., Yang, L., et al. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-84459-4 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
The in vitro effects of gibberellin on human sperm motility
Xu, C.-S., Zhou, Y. J., Jiang, Z., Wang, L.-E., Huang, J., Zhang, T., Zhao, Y. M., Shen, W., Zou, S., & Zang, L. (2019) · Aging · doi:10.18632/aging.101963 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Types and Toxicity Levels of Pesticides: A Study of an Agricultural Area in Brebes Regency
Budiyono, B., Suhartono, S., & Kartini, A. (2023) · JURNAL KESEHATAN LINGKUNGAN · doi:10.20473/jkl.v15i2.2023.109-119 · Cited by 16 · see citing works
Hepatotoxicity and neurotoxicity of Fipronil poisoning in human: A case report
Iyadurai, R., Gutta, S., Prasad, J., & Gunasekaran, K. (2019) · Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care · doi:10.4103/jfmpc.jfmpc_486_19 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Mothball induced encephalopathy presenting as depression: it’s all in the history
Murray, S. B., Dwight‐Johnson, M., & Levy, M. R. (2009) · General Hospital Psychiatry · doi:10.1016/j.genhosppsych.2009.04.008 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sampaio, C. F., Prates, K. V., Siervo, G. E. M. D. L., et al. (2019) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-019-07209-0 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Cheng, S., Lin, R., Yu, C., et al. (2021) · Crop Protection · doi:10.1016/j.cropro.2021.105634 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
2,4-D Ethyl Ester Poisoning: A Case Report
Kumar, N. (2019) · Indian Journal of Critical Care Medicine · doi:10.5005/jp-journals-10071-23240 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Overlooked side effects of organic farming inputs attract soil insect crop pests
Nyamwasa, I., Li, K., Zhang, S., et al. (2020) · Ecological Applications · doi:10.1002/eap.2084 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Wu, Y., Weng, X., Liu, S., Tan, Y., Liang, H., Li, Y., Wen, L., Chen, Q., & Jing, C. (2022) · Environmental Science and Pollution Research · doi:10.1007/s11356-022-23624-2 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Patočka, J. (2020) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-819090-6.00016-7 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Pesticide Aerosol Characteristics in the Vicinity of an Agricultural Vehicle Cab During Application
Bémer, D., Fismes, J., Subra, I., et al. (2007) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Hygiene · doi:10.1080/15459620701386293 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
A rare case of myocardial infarction due to parathion poisoning
Kidiyoor, Y., Nayak, V. C., Devi, V., et al. (2009) · Journal of Forensic and Legal Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.jflm.2009.05.003 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Pesticides as endocrine disruptors and neurotoxicants
Герунова, Л. К., Bardina, E. G., Gerunov, T. V., et al. (2019) · IOP Conference Series Earth and Environmental Science · doi:10.1088/1755-1315/315/5/052049 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
She Has The Blues: An Unusual Case of Copper Sulphate Intoxication
Moussiegt, A., Ferreira, L., Aboab, J., et al. (2020) · European Journal of Case Reports in Internal Medicine · doi:10.12890/2020_001394 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pesticide usage and their potential adverse impacts on living organisms
Tosun, N., Yavaşoğlu, N. Ü. K., & Sayım, F. (2001) · Anadolu Ege Tarımsal Araştırma Enstitüsü Dergisi · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Pattern and Impact of Pesticide Poisoning: A Review of Published Case Reports
Otorkpa, O. J., Otorkpa, C. O., Auta, H. S., et al. (2024) · Texila international journal of public health · doi:10.21522/tijph.2013.12.02.art016 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
The Effects of Benoxacor on the Liver and Gut Microbiome of C57BL/6 Mice
Simonsen, D., Cady, N. M., Zhang, C., Shrode, R. L., McCormick, M. L., Spitz, D. R., Chimenti, M. S., Wang, K., Mangalam, A. K., & Lehmler, H. (2021) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfab142 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Environmental Benefits and Risks of Herbicides Use in Forestry – Review
Arshad, M. A., Rouf, S., Abbas, R. N., et al. (2024) · Haya The Saudi Journal of Life Sciences · doi:10.36348/sjls.2024.v09i02.001 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Malik, D. S., Sharma, A. K., Kamboj, V., et al. (2024) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences India Section B Biological Sciences · doi:10.1007/s40011-024-01556-w · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationAldicarb-related suicide attempt cases in North of France (2012–2021)
Lenski, M., Letrillart, A., Gish, A., Nisse, P., Gaulier, J., & Allorge, D. (2022) · Toxicology Research · doi:10.1093/toxres/tfac031 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Dummett, I., Sturrock, C. J., & Stroud, J. L. (2023) · Soil Use and Management · doi:10.1111/sum.12934 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
El‐Banhawy, E. M., & Reda, A. S. (1988) · International Journal of Tropical Insect Science · doi:10.1017/s1742758400006342 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Acute metaldehyde poisoning from ingestion: clinical features and implications for early treatment
Tan, Y., Khoo, S. Q., & Tan, S. (2022) · Acute Medicine & Surgery · doi:10.1002/ams2.766 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Nagasawa, H., Nakanishi, H., Saito, K., et al. (2019) · Journal of Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1186/s13256-019-2079-7 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Organophosphate poisoning from inappropriate topical use of malathion pesticide: A case report
Chua, J. J.-L., & Kuan, K. K. (2022) · Proceedings of Singapore Healthcare · doi:10.1177/20101058211068593 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Role of Insect Bait in Sustainable Management of Urban Pests
Dhang, P. (2023) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800622944.0005 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Dahal, A., Shukla, S., Chauhan, B., et al. (2023) · Oxford Medical Case Reports · doi:10.1093/omcr/omad139 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
DEVELOPMENT OF EMULSION-TYPE FLOWABLE FORMULATION
Tsuji, K., & Fuyama, H. (1983) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-08-029225-0.50063-1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Cardiac and Respiratory Arrest in a 12-Year-Old Girl with Acute Permethrin Toxicity: A Case ReportPreprint
Atashi, H. A., Arani, H. Z., Ghorani, S. M., et al. (2021) · Research Square · doi:10.21203/rs.3.rs-305921/v1 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Payra, M. S. K. (2023) · INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF MULTIDISCIPLINARY RESEARCH AND ANALYSIS · doi:10.47191/ijmra/v6-i12-21 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Weber, M. (2005) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b0-12-369400-0/00770-5
Flagged first, then by citations
Research works printed but not linked: 11
- [39]Ducom, P., The Return of the Fumigants. (2006). In 9th International Working Conference on Stored Product Protection. 〈https://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/document?repid=rep1&type=pdf&doi= 9a24c4e91cb73b3b1c88e660d7c6e657516e5e8f〉.
- [55]Hazra, D.K., Karmakar, R., Poi, R., Bhattacharya, S., Mondal, S., & Pesticide Residue Laboratory, Department of Agricultural Chemicals, Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya, Directorate of Research, Research Complex Building, Kalyani-741 235, Nadia, (West Bengal), INDIA. (2017). Recent advances in pesticide formulations for eco-friendly and sustainable vegetable pest management: A review. Archives of Agriculture and Environmental Science, 2–3, 232–237. 〈https://www.aesacademy.org/journal/volume2/issue3/AAES-02-03-017.pdf〉.
- [64]Invest, J.F., Lucas, J.R., & Sumitomo Chemical (UK) Plc. (2008). PYRIPROXYFEN AS a MOSQUITO LARVICIDE. In Proceedings of the Sixth International Conference on Urban Pests: Vol. William H Robinson and Dániel Bajomi (editors), 2008 (p. 240). 〈https://www.icup.org.uk/media/u5rdsvd0/icup886.pdf〉.
- [78]Kumar V. Malik D.S. Sharma A.K. Study on distribution pattern of benthic diversity in relation to water quality of river Ganga and its tributaries Journal of Emerging Technologies and Innovative Research 5 5 2018 88 103
- [105]National Academies Press (US). (2000). Aniline Acute Exposure Guideline Levels. Acute Exposure Guideline Levels for Selected Airborne Chemicals - NCBI Bookshelf. 〈https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK222410/〉. 25057545
- [106]National center for biotechnology information (2024). PubChem Compound Summary for CID 40585, Deltamethrin. Retrieved September 11, 2024 from 〈https://pubchem.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/compound/Deltamethrin〉.
- [107]Natural pesticides (Biopesticides) and Uses in Pest Management- A Critical review - STM Digital. (2019). 〈http://research.asianarticleeprint.com/id/eprint/595〉.
- [127]Robb, E.L., Regina, A.C., & Baker, M.B. (2023, November 12). Organophosphate toxicity. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. 〈http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK470430/〉. 29261901
- [129]Role of pesticide formulations for sustainable crop protection and environment management: A review. (2019). In Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry (Vol. 8, Issue 2, pp. 686–693). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 〈https://www.phytojournal.com/archives/2019/vol8issue2/PartL/8-1-568-106.pdf〉.
- [142]Silberman, J., & Taylor, A. (2023, May 1). Carbamate toxicity. StatPearls - NCBI Bookshelf. 〈http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK482183/〉. 29489157
- [174]Yadav, I.C., & Devi, N.L. (2017). Pesticides classification and its impact on human and environment. ResearchGate. 〈https://www.researchgate.net/publication/313445102_Pesticides_Classification_and_Its_Impact_on_Human_and_Environment〉.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Boza, A., Lemos, E., Bürck, M., Gautério, G. V., & Braga, A. R. C. (2026) · Macromol · doi:10.3390/macromol6030054
- Authors
- Shekhar, C., Khosya, R., Thakur, K., Mahajan, D., Kumar, R., Kumar, S., & Sharma, A. K.
- Affiliations
- Central University of Himachal Pradesh (IN)
- Corresponding author
- Sharma, Amit Kumar
- Venue
- Toxicology Reports
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-12
- Volume
- 13
- Pages
- 101840
- ISSN
- 2214-7500 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC11664077
- OpenAlex
- W4404885063
- Cited by
- 236
- References
- 156
- Citations by year
- 2026: 161 · 2025: 74 · 2024: 1
- FWCI
- 8.95
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Toxicology Reports (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Plant Science › Pesticide Exposure and Toxicity
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural safety and regulations
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pesticide and Herbicide Environmental Studies
- Keywords
- pesticide exposure, chronic pesticide exposure, long-term health effects, occupational exposure, agricultural labor, non-communicable diseases, cancer, neurological disorders, neurodegenerative diseases, endocrine disruption, exposure routes, dose-response relationship, pesticide regulation
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
