The mechanisms of rejection in solid organ transplantation
Abstract
Organ transplantation represents the preferred treatment option for many patients in terminal organ failure. The half-life of transplanted organs, however, is still far from being satisfactory with the vast majority of the organs failing within the first two decades following transplantation. At this stage, it has become apparent that rejection (prevalently mediated by humoral events) remains the primary cause of graft loss after the first year. In this light, studies are underway to better comprehend the immune events underlying graft rejection and novel immunosuppressive strategies are being explored. In this context, therapeutic apheresis techniques, that include therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE), immunoadsorption (IA) and extracorporeal photochemotherapy (ECP), represent an important adjunct in the current immunosuppressive armamentarium. This article briefly reviews our current understanding of the immune process underlying rejection of a solid organ transplant and describes the principal areas of application of therapeutic apheresis techniques in transplantation.
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Th1 and Th17 increase production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aggravate inflammatory response via induction of M1 polarization in naïve macrophages.
“Th1 and Th17 per se increase the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and aggravate inflammatory response via induction of M1 polarization in naïve macrophages [45].”
From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
T cell activation is necessary to mature B cells to produce antibodies against different antigens.
“Besides, T cell activation is also necessary to mature B cells to produce antibodies against different antigens [45].”
From Immunogenicity of decellularized extracellular matrix scaffolds: a bottleneck in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine (2023) · cites this paper as [45]
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- Authors
- Cozzi, E., Colpo, A., & De Silvestro, G.
- Affiliations
- University of Padua (IT)
- Azienda Ospedale - Università Padova (IT)
- Corresponding author
- Cozzi, Emanuele
- Venue
- Transfusion and Apheresis Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-08
- Volume
- 56
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 498-505
- ISSN
- 1473-0502 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2724295786
- Cited by
- 57
- References
- 73
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 10 · 2021: 12 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 2 · 2018: 2
- FWCI
- 0.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Transfusion and Apheresis Science (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Padua Research Archive (University of Padova) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Surgery › Transplantation: Methods and Outcomes
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Transplantation › Renal Transplantation Outcomes and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Transplantation › Organ and Tissue Transplantation Research
- Keywords
- solid organ transplantation, graft rejection, antibody-mediated rejection, graft loss, immunosuppression, therapeutic apheresis, plasma exchange, immunoadsorption, extracorporeal photopheresis
- MeSH terms
- Graft Rejection, Hemofiltration, Humans, Plasma Exchange, Organ Transplantation, Photopheresis
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