The DOI matches its Crossref record; 23 of the 25 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Alzheimer's drug‐development pipeline: 2016
Open accessAbstract
Background: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is growing in frequency and new therapies are urgently needed. Methods: We assessed clinicaltrials.gov (accessed 1‐4‐2016) to determine the number and characteristics of trials in phase I, phase II, and phase III for treatment of AD. Results: There are currently 24 agents in 36 trials in phase III of AD drug development. Seven of these 24 agents are symptomatic cognitive‐enhancing compounds, and 17 are disease‐modifying treatments (DMTs). Most DMTs address amyloid‐related targets (76%). There are 45 agents in phase II being assessed in 52 clinical trials. Phase II trials include 30 DMTs, with 26 small molecules and 4 immunotherapies. There are 24 agents in the first phase of AD drug development. Discussion: Amyloid is the principal target of late‐stage development programs. There are relatively few agents in clinical trials for AD suggesting a need to amplify the drug discovery ecosystem.
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“A number of additional pathogenic mechanisms have been described, possibly overlapping with Aβ plaques and NFT formation or induced by them, including inflammation, oxidative damage, iron deregulation, and cholesterol metabolism blood-brain barrier (BBB) dysfunction or α-synuclein toxicity.9-13”
From Current and Future Treatments in Alzheimer Disease: An Update (2020) · cites this paper as [11]
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2016 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2016) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2016.03.001 · Cited by 5,069
Two Phase 3 Trials of Bapineuzumab in Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
Salloway, S., Sperling, R., Fox, N. C., Blennow, K., Klunk, W., Raskind, M., Sabbagh, M., Honig, L. S., Porsteinsson, A. P., Ferris, S., et al. (2014) · New England Journal of Medicine · doi:10.1056/nejmoa1304839 · Cited by 1,960 · cited 2×
“Monoclonal antibody approaches have instituted two major changes in drug development based on experiences with the failure of bapineuzumab: (1) patient populations with more mild disease are now the focus of trials [12]; (2) amyloid imaging or CSFAb measures are performed at baseline to insure that patients have the t…”
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease drug-development pipeline: Few candidates, frequent failures
Cummings, J. L., Morstorf, T., & Zhong, K. (2014) · Alzheimer's Research & Therapy · doi:10.1186/alzrt269 · Cited by 1,744
Self-citation2015 Alzheimer's disease facts and figures
Alzheimer's Association (2015) · Alzheimer s & Dementia · doi:10.1016/j.jalz.2015.02.003 · Cited by 1,684
Phase 3 Trials of Solanezumab for Mild-to-Moderate Alzheimer's Disease
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“Monoclonal antibody approaches have instituted two major changes in drug development based on experiences with the failure of bapineuzumab: (1) patient populations with more mild disease are now the focus of trials [12]; (2) amyloid imaging or CSFAb measures are performed at baseline to insure that patients have the t…”
BackgroundLessons learned from the fate of AstraZeneca's drug pipeline: a five-dimensional framework
Cook, D., Brown, D., Alexander, R., March, R., Morgan, P., Satterthwaite, G., & Pangalos, M. N. (2014) · Nature Reviews Drug Discovery · doi:10.1038/nrd4309 · Cited by 1,344 · cited 1×
“Demonstration of target engagement early in the development process makes it more likely—without proving—that clinical benefits may follow long-term therapy [16].”
BackgroundAlzheimer’s disease: Clinical trials and drug development
Mangialasche, F., Solomon, A., Winblad, B., Mecocci, P., & Kivipelto, M. (2010) · The Lancet Neurology · doi:10.1016/s1474-4422(10)70119-8 · Cited by 1,217 · cited 2×
“[9] and can be used to compare changes over a 6-year period.”
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- Tufts Center for the Study of Drug Development, 2013, Impact Report, 1
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The global patent landscape of the drugs for treating Alzheimer’s disease from 2014–2023
Xu, Y., & Gao, Y. Z. (2025) · BMC Neurology · doi:10.1186/s12883-025-04352-9
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Therapeutic intervention strategies in frontotemporal dementia: drug development pipeline
Perrone, F., Locuratolo, N., Carbone, E., Cappella, M., Rivabene, R., Fabrizi, E., Talarico, G., Vanacore, N., Lacorte, E., & Piscopo, P. (2026) · Alzheimer's & Dementia · doi:10.1002/trc2.70243
Metadata
- Authors
- Cummings, J., Morstorf, T., & Lee, G.
- Affiliations
- Cleveland Clinic (US)
- Touro University Nevada (US)
- Corresponding author
- Cummings, Jeffrey
- Venue
- Alzheimer's & Dementia: Translational Research & Clinical Interventions
- Publisher
- Wiley
- Published
- 2016-08-18
- Volume
- 2
- Issue
- 4
- Pages
- 222-232
- ISSN
- 2352-8737 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC5651348
- OpenAlex
- W2517281879
- Cited by
- 108
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2026: 4 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 17 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 15 · 2018: 19 · 2017: 20 · 2016: 1
- FWCI
- 14.76
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Alzheimer s & Dementia Translational Research & Clinical Interventions (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Avid Pharmaceuticals
- Teva Pharmaceuticals
- CogState
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Alzheimer's disease research and treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Dementia and Cognitive Impairment Research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pharmacology (medical) › Cholinesterase and Neurodegenerative Diseases
- Keywords
- Alzheimer's disease, drug development pipeline, clinical trials, disease-modifying therapy, amyloid, immunotherapy, small molecules
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