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Cited by 249

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 2 of the 2 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Organising evidence for environmental management decisions: a ‘4S’ hierarchy

Open access
Dicks, Lynn V., Walsh, Jessica C., Sutherland, William J.·2014·Trends in Ecology & Evolution

Abstract

Making decisions informed by the best-available science is an objective for many organisations managing the environment or natural resources. Yet, available science is still not widely used in environmental policy and practice. We describe a '4S' hierarchy for organising relevant science to inform decisions. This hierarchy has already revolutionised clinical practice. It is beginning to emerge for environmental management, although all four levels need substantial development before environmental decision-makers can reliably and efficiently find the evidence they need. We expose common bypass routes that currently lead to poor or biased representation of scientific knowledge. We argue that the least developed level of the hierarchy is that closest to decision-makers, placing synthesised scientific knowledge into environmental decision support systems.

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Metadata

Authors
Dicks, L. V., Walsh, J. C., & Sutherland, W. J.
Venue
Trends in Ecology & Evolution
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2014-11
Volume
29
Issue
11
Pages
607-613
ISSN
0169-5347 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2049710689
Cited by
249
References
2
FWCI
13.00
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
hybrid

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Organising evidence for environmental management decisions: a ‘4S’ hierarchy. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.004
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Dicks, L. V., Walsh, J. C., & Sutherland, W. J. (2014). Organising evidence for environmental management decisions: a ‘4S’ hierarchy. Trends in Ecology & Evolution. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tree.2014.09.004

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Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.