Cited by 504Animal Behavior and Welfare StudiesVeterinary Pharmacology and AnesthesiaPsychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction

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Assessment of positive welfare: A review

Yeates, J.W., Main, D.C.J.·2008·The Veterinary Journal

DOI 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.009

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Abstract

As a complement to the concentration on negative states in welfare science, scientists are increasingly considering the desirability of measuring positive outcomes. Since evaluation of an animal's mental state is a critical goal for welfare assessment, considerations of both positive feelings (what an animal "likes") and resources that an animal is motivated to obtain (what an animal "wants") appear to be important. However, since animals may make choices that are not in their long-term interests, an assessment of positive feelings and resources should include an evaluation of any associated actual or potential harms, such as fear, distress, pain, injury and disease. A review of current evidence suggests that positive welfare can be best assessed by evaluation of resources (i.e. inputs) that are valued by an animal and by positive outcomes such as behavioural responses, influences on cognitive processes and physiological markers. Since negative welfare is often inversely correlated with positive welfare measures, current welfare policy will have been achieving some positive welfare outcomes, however the explicit inclusion of positive welfare outcomes in the framework allows for analyses that are both deeper and more in tune with commonsense, which can hopefully yield more objective policies.

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Authors: Yeates, J. W., & Main, D. C. J.
Affiliations: University of Bristol (GB)
Corresponding author: Main, D.C.J.
ORCID: Yeates, J.W.
Main, D.C.J.
Venue: The Veterinary Journal
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2008-03
Volume: 175
Issue: 3
Pages: 293-300
ISSN: 1090-0233 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.tvjl.2007.05.009
OpenAlex: W2089394830
Cited by: 504
References: 116
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 28 · 2024: 34 · 2023: 44 · 2022: 34 · 2021: 35 · 2020: 32 · 2019: 32 · 2018: 34 · 2017: 33 · 2016: 22 · 2015: 22 · 2014: 29 · 2013: 22 · 2012: 17
FWCI: 2.33
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: The Veterinary Journal (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
Health Sciences › Veterinary › Small Animals › Veterinary Pharmacology and Anesthesia
Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
Keywords: positive welfare, animal welfare assessment, animal mental states, animal motivation, animal preferences, behavioral responses, physiological markers, cognitive processes, fear and distress, welfare policy
MeSH terms: Affect, Animals, Animal Welfare, Behavior, Animal

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Assessment of positive welfare: A review

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