Cited by 184Phytochemicals and Antioxidant ActivitiesAgricultural and Biological ResearchUltrasound and Cavitation Phenomena

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Impact of ultrasound and conventional extraction techniques on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)

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Mehmood, Arshad, Ishaq, Muhammad, Zhao, Lei, Yaqoob, Sanabil, Safdar, Bushra, Nadeem, Muhammad, Munir, Masooma, Wang, Chengtao·2019·Ultrasonics Sonochemistry

DOI 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.013

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Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the influence of ultrasound on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.). For this purpose, optimized conditions (temperature 50 °C, time 150 min, solid to liquid ratio 1 g:15 ml, 70% amplitude and 240 W, 20 kHz frequency, 3 s on and 3 s off) of ultrasound (US) and conventional extraction (AGE: Agitation, water bath for 150 min, 50 °C at 150 rmp) were used. The results showed significant (p < 0.05) effect of US and AGE on total phenolics (TPCs), flavonoids (TFCs) and antioxidant activities (DPPH, ABTS, FRAP, reducing activity, Cu2+ and H2O2) of butterfly pea flower extract (BPFE). The results showed an increased trend in yield, TPCs, TFCs and antioxidant activities of US treated BPFE with comparison to AGE. However, insignificant (p > 0.05) effect of US and AGE over TFlaCs and PACs were observed. Moreover, the results of Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) showed little changes in spectrum and US does not affect the functional group of bioactive compounds structure. Additionally, extracts (500–2000 µg/ml) protect pBR322 plasmid DNA damage induced by (1 mM H2O2 and 1 mM FeSO4), plasma oxidation (induced by 250 µM CuCl2) and inhibit erythrocyte hemolysis (induced by 200 mM AAPH, 34.6 to 66.73%). Sonication can be applied successfully for the extraction of bioactive compounds from plant materials with high biological activities.

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“7,8 Numerous prior investigations have lent credence to the therapeutic potential of butterfly pea flower extract in managing diverse ailments.”
Background
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“Mehmood et al. [33] found that using ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) led to a significant increase in the total levels of phenolic compounds and flavonoids from blue butterfly pea flower.”
Self-citation
From plants to extracts
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Self-citation
Qualitative analysis and functional groups identification of flavonoid from butterfly blue pea (Clitoria ternatea) flower extract
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Self-citation
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“TPC and TFC of sample extracts was determined using Folin-Ciocalteu (FC) assay and AlCl 3, respectively according to previously established protocol [20].”
Self-citation
Tri-frequency ultrasonication priming enhances germination, nutritional quality and techno-functional properties of tartary buckwheat
Basharat, Z., Dai, B., Tufail, T., Xu, H., Yin, J., Zhang, Z., Duan, Y., Yao, C., Hu, K., Cai, M., et al. (2026) · Ultrasonics Sonochemistry · doi:10.1016/j.ultsonch.2026.108003
“The supernatant was stored at (cid:0) 18 ℃ for further analysis [29].”
Unraveling the pharmacodynamics of Clitoria ternatea: Systematic review on bioactive compounds and disease-modifying effects
Kumar, R. N., Kumar, V. V., Lakshmi, K., Jaleel, I., Ahamed, H. N., & Shanmugapandiyan, P. (2026) · Systems Ethnopharmacology and Sustainable Bioresources · doi:10.1016/j.sesb.2026.100047
Dairy and dairy by-products
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Clitoria ternatea as a phytopharmacological resource: plant metabolites, mechanistic evidence, translational prospects, and safety considerations
Devi, D. R., Maheswari, S. N., Saranya, R. K., Aashritha, S., Sankar, N. G., Gurrala, N. A., Karak, P., & Das, S. K. (2026) · Frontiers in Pharmacology · doi:10.3389/fphar.2026.1922024
“Supercritical carbon dioxide is suited mainly to lipophilic fractions unless a polar modifier is added and remains insufficiently validated for C. ternatea pharmacology (Mehmood et al., 2019; Izirwan et al., 2020; Santos and Martins, 2023).”
Comparison of antioxidant activities and antibacterial properties of polyphenols from tropical fruits based on targeted quantification and molecular docking
Zhou, Y., Shi, H., Ren, Y., Xie, M., Yun, Y., Cao, H., Qing, K., & chen, L. (2026) · Food Chemistry · doi:10.1016/j.foodchem.2026.151751

Authors: Mehmood, A., Ishaq, M., Zhao, L., Yaqoob, S., Safdar, B., Nadeem, M., Munir, M., & Wang, C.
Affiliations: Beijing Technology and Business University (CN)
Jilin Agricultural University (CN)
University of Sargodha (PK)
Corresponding author: Zhao, Lei
Munir, Masooma
Wang, Chengtao
ORCID: Mehmood, Arshad
Ishaq, Muhammad
Zhao, Lei
Yaqoob, Sanabil
Safdar, Bushra
Nadeem, Muhammad
Munir, Masooma
Wang, Chengtao
Venue: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-03
Volume: 51
Pages: 12-19
ISSN: 1350-4177 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ultsonch.2018.10.013
OpenAlex: W2896976712
Cited by: 184
References: 69
Citations by year: 2026: 17 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 37 · 2023: 37 · 2022: 24 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 19 · 2019: 11
FWCI: 8.77
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 1806 d)
Locations: Ultrasonics Sonochemistry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information) (submittedVersion)
Funders: National key research and development program (2018YFD0400403, 2016YFD0400802)
National Natural Science Foundation of China (31571801)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Biochemistry (medical) › Phytochemicals and Antioxidant Activities
Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Food Science › Agricultural and Biological Research
Physical Sciences › Physics and Astronomy › Acoustics and Ultrasonics › Ultrasound and Cavitation Phenomena
Keywords: ultrasound-assisted extraction, Clitoria ternatea, butterfly pea flower, bioactive compounds, total phenolic content, flavonoids, antioxidant activity, free radical scavenging, DNA protection, extraction optimization, plant extracts
MeSH terms: Ultrasonic Waves, Animals, Antioxidants, Erythrocytes, Chemical Fractionation, Hemolysis, Oxidation-Reduction, Phenols, Plant Extracts, Temperature, Xanthine Oxidase, Clitoria, Proanthocyanidins

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Impact of ultrasound and conventional extraction techniques on bioactive compounds and biological activities of blue butterfly pea flower (Clitoria ternatea L.)

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