The impact of influenza on the health and health care utilisation of elderly people
Abstract
Despite intensive research, influenza viruses still present one of the major causes of respiratory disease throughout the world. The elderly population and those individuals considered "at risk" due to presenting co-morbidity are especially vulnerable to influenza infection; this is evident from increased rates of morbidity and mortality in these populations during winter epidemic periods. Successful vaccination campaigns have targeted these groups over the last few years, providing protection to an increasing number of susceptible individuals. However, during periods of influenza virus activity there are still seasonal pressures put on both primary and secondary health care services. In the event of a serious influenza epidemic or pandemic, these burdens could jeopardise health care provision to at risk populations. In this report we discuss current issues surrounding the impact of influenza on the health care utilisation of elderly people.
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Older adults are more likely to be hospitalised or die from primary infections such as influenza.
“Older adults are at increased risk of hospitalisation and death from primary infections such as influenza (2), reactivation of latent infections such as shingles caused by Varicella-Zoster virus (VZV) (3)”
From The impact of ageing on monocytes and macrophages (2021) · cites this paper as [2]
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“DISCUSSION Individuals under stress have weakened immunity and most likely need hospitalization after influenza virus infection, raising the possibility that stress is a susceptible factor of influenza infection.(26) This hypothesis has been supported by increasing evidences,(13,14,27) in addition to our research.”
ResultAccelerated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity
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Additional file 1 of Accelerated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity
Lord, J. M., Veenith, T., Sullivan, J., Sharma‐Oates, A., Richter, A. G., Greening, N. J., McAuley, H. J. C., Evans, R. A., Moss, P. A. H., Moore, S. C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26666446
Additional file 2 of Accelerated immune ageing is associated with COVID-19 disease severity
Lord, J. M., Veenith, T., Sullivan, J., Sharma‐Oates, A., Richter, A. G., Greening, N. J., McAuley, H. J. C., Evans, R. A., Moss, P. A. H., Moore, S. C., et al. (2024) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.26666449
Nazareth, J., Martin, C. A., Pan, D., Barr, I., Sullivan, S. G., Peck, H., Veli, N., Das, M., Choi, J. S., Bryant, L., et al. (2026) · Journal of Infection · doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2026.106862
Chang, L. A., Burgess, E., Noureddine, M., Wells, A. J., Vandekerckhove, J., Diego, J. G.-B., Webb, B. T., Grüneberg, L. J., Park, S., Laghlali, G., et al. (2026) · The Journal of Immunology · doi:10.1093/jimmun/vkag279
- Authors
- Fleming, D. M., & Elliot, A. J.
- Affiliations
- Royal College of General Practitioners (GB)
- Corresponding author
- Fleming, Douglas M.
- ORCID
- Elliot, Alex J.
- Venue
- Vaccine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2005-07
- Volume
- 23
- Pages
- S1-S9
- ISSN
- 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2042065440
- Cited by
- 87
- References
- 92
- Citations by year
- 2026: 2 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 5 · 2020: 6 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 1 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 3 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 7
- FWCI
- 1.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Vaccine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Influenza Virus Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Respiratory viral infections research
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Pneumonia and Respiratory Infections
- Keywords
- influenza, older adults, health care utilization, influenza vaccination, pandemic influenza, seasonal influenza, comorbidities, healthcare burden, respiratory diseases
- MeSH terms
- Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Health Services for the Aged, Humans, Immunization, Influenza, Human, Influenza Vaccines, Primary Health Care, Respiratory Tract Infections, Geriatric Assessment, Immunization Programs, Age Distribution
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