Cited by 1,094Misinformation and Its ImpactsVaccine Coverage and HesitancyHealth Literacy and Information Accessibility

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Anti-vaccine activists, Web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm - An overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement

Kata, Anna·2012·Vaccine

DOI 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112

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Abstract

Websites opposing vaccination are prevalent on the Internet. Web 2.0, defined by interaction and user-generated content, has become ubiquitous. Furthermore, a new postmodern paradigm of healthcare has emerged, where power has shifted from doctors to patients, the legitimacy of science is questioned, and expertise is redefined. Together this has created an environment where anti-vaccine activists are able to effectively spread their messages. Evidence shows that individuals turn to the Internet for vaccination advice, and suggests such sources can impact vaccination decisions - therefore it is likely that anti-vaccine websites can influence whether people vaccinate themselves or their children. This overview examines the types of rhetoric individuals may encounter online in order to better understand why the anti-vaccination movement can be convincing, despite lacking scientific support for their claims. Tactics and tropes commonly used to argue against vaccination are described. This includes actions such as skewing science, shifting hypotheses, censoring dissent, and attacking critics; also discussed are frequently made claims such as not being "anti-vaccine" but "pro-safe vaccines", that vaccines are toxic or unnatural, and more. Recognizing disingenuous claims made by the anti-vaccination movement is essential in order to critically evaluate the information and misinformation encountered online.

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“Giordano Pérez-Gaxiola, MSc,(1) giordano@sinestetoscopio.com Galo Vladimir Castrejón-García, Ped,(2) Nidia León-Sicairos, PhD,(3) Carlos A Cuello-García, PhD.(4) (1) Cochrane México, Hospital Pediátrico de Sinaloa.”
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Background

Authors: Kata, A.
Affiliations: McMaster University (CA)
Corresponding author: Kata, Anna
ORCID: Kata, Anna
Venue: Vaccine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2012-05
Volume: 30
Issue: 25
Pages: 3778-3789
ISSN: 0264-410X (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.vaccine.2011.11.112
OpenAlex: W2062321610
Cited by: 1,094
References: 83
Citations by year: 2026: 36 · 2025: 65 · 2024: 77 · 2023: 111 · 2022: 124 · 2021: 151 · 2020: 158 · 2019: 81 · 2018: 73 · 2017: 58 · 2016: 60 · 2015: 47 · 2014: 20 · 2013: 24 · 2012: 9
FWCI: 56.58
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations: Vaccine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics: Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Misinformation and Its Impacts
Social Sciences › Health › Vaccine Coverage and Hesitancy
Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Health Literacy and Information Accessibility
Keywords: anti-vaccine movement, anti-vaccine activism, Web 2.0, misinformation, vaccine hesitancy, user-generated content, science communication, online health information
MeSH terms: Communication, Decision Making, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Patient Acceptance of Health Care, Vaccination, Vaccines, Health Communication, Social Media

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Anti-vaccine activists, Web 2.0, and the postmodern paradigm - An overview of tactics and tropes used online by the anti-vaccination movement

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