Canine Kobuviruses in Diarrhoeic Dogs in Italy
Open accessAbstract
Canine kobuviruses (CaKVs) are newly recognized picornaviruses recently detected in dogs in the US. By molecular analysis of the whole genome, CaKV that appeared genetically closest to the murine kobuvirus (MuKV) and to the human Aichi virus (AiV), may be classified in the Kobuvirus genus as new genotype (CaKV type 1) within the species Aichivirus A. To date, there are no information on the epidemiology of these novel viruses in other continents. In this study, by screening a collection of 256 dog fecal samples either from diarrhoeic or asymptomatic animals, CaKV was identified in six specimens with an overall prevalence of 2.34% (6/256). All the positive dogs presented diarrhea and were found to be infected by CaKV alone or in mixed infections with canine coronavirus (CCoV) and/or canine parvovirus type 2 (CPV-2). By molecular analysis of the partial 3D gene, all the strains detected displayed a close relatedness with the CaKVs recently identified in the US. This study provides evidence that CaKVs circulate in diarrhoeic dogs in Italy and are not geographically restricted to the North American continent, where they were first signaled.
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Kobuviruses have been isolated from dogs and other mammals with diarrhoeic symptoms.
“Whilst we cannot assume that these viruses cause disease, kobuviruses have been isolated from dogs and other mammals with diarrhoeic symptoms (Reuter, Boros, and Pankovics 2011; Di Martino et al. 2013).”
From Red fox viromes in urban and rural landscapes (2020) · cites this paper as Di Martino et al. 2013
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Cites
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“Novel kobu-like viruses have been identified in sheep, goats, wild-boars, rodents and dogs (Reuter et al., 2010; Barry et al., 2011; Kapoor et al., 2011; Li et al., 2011; Phan et al., 2011; Lee et al., 2012; Carmona-Vicente et al., 2013; Reuter et al., 2013) .”
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Self-citationFirst molecular identification of kobuviruses in wolves (Canis lupus) in Italy
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“Sequence comparison of the full-length VP1 genes showed that strains 6W/ITA and 125W/ITA (GenBank accession numbers MF356367-8) displayed 94.5% nt sequence identity to each other and were most closely related genetically (91.4-93.5% nt sequence identity) to the CaKoV strain UK003 detected in a canine faecal sample in…”
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“To date, numerous kobuviruses have been determined worldwide among various host species using this primer pair, including human [7], cattle [8,9], pig [10], cat [11,12], dog [13], deer [14], and wolf [15].”
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“Using this primer pair, new numbers classified in the genus Kobuvirus have been determined in various animals, including sheep, goat, dog, deer, wolf, fox, and cat (Chung et al., 2013; Di Martino et al., 2013; Di Martino et al., 2015b; Di Martino et al., 2014; Melegari et al., 2018; Oem et al., 2014; Reuter et al., 20…”
One-step triplex PCR/RT-PCR to detect canine distemper virus, canine parvovirus and canine kobuvirus
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“Since CaKoV first description in 2011 [8, 11], it has been detected throughout the world [3, 4, 10, 17, 18].”
BackgroundMethodDetection of canine kobuvirus RNA in diarrheic fecal samples of dogs with parvoviruses
Miyabe, F., Ribeiro, J., Alfieri, A. A., & Alfieri, A. (2019) · Brazilian Journal of Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s42770-019-00095-1 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
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“More recently, kobuvirus-like sequences have also been found in sheep, goats, rodents, dogs, cats and ferrets [3–5, 7, 9, 10, 12, 18, 26, 30, 38].”
BackgroundDetection of kobuvirus RNA in Japanese domestic dogs
Takehisa, S. O. M. A., Matsubayashi, M., & Sasai, K. (2016) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.16-0217 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
“Later, CaKoV was reported to be isolated from dogs in Italy, the United Kingdom, Korea, China and Tanzania [2, 4, 5, 10].”
BackgroundMethodWang, Y., Li, Y., Cui, Y., Jiang, S., Liu, H., Wang, J., & Li, Y. (2021) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2021.114066 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Wang, Y., Cui, Y.-Q., Li, Y.-Q., Wang, X.-P., Yang, K.-K., Zhang, D., Zhao, L., Bai, C., Jiang, S., & Li, Y.-D. (2020) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04773-6 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Nguyen, T. V., Kasantikul, T., Piewbang, C., & Techangamsuwan, S. (2024) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-024-62833-2 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“In the phylogenetic analysis, the results of this study revealed a significant tendency for strains from the same country to cluster together, consistent with previous reports 19,29,34,39 .”
ResultLi, C., Guo, D., Wu, R., Kong, F., Zhai, J., Yuan, D., & Sun, D. (2018) · Journal of Veterinary Medical Science · doi:10.1292/jvms.17-0559 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
“CPV-2, CCoV, CaKV and CBoV had been reported to be associated with severe enteritis in puppies [4, 5].”
BackgroundCharacterization of the fecal virome in dogs with chronic enteropathy
Moreno, P. S., Wagner, J., Kirkwood, C. D., Gilkerson, J. R., & Mansfield, C. (2018) · Veterinary Microbiology · doi:10.1016/j.vetmic.2018.05.020 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Metagenomics revealing new virus species in farm and pet animals and aquaculture
Kaszab, E., Doszpoly, A., Lanave, G., Verma, A., Bànyai, K., Malik, Y. S., & Marton, S. (2019) · Elsevier eBooks · doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-816352-8.00002-3 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
“Later, the virus has been subsequently discovered in studies in Europe (Carmona-Vicente et al., 2013; Di Martino et al., 2013) .”
BackgroundPacini, M. I., Mazzei, M., Sgorbini, M., D'Alfonso, R., & Papini, R. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13050931 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Nguyen, T. V., Piewbang, C., & Techangamsuwan, S. (2023) · Frontiers in Veterinary Science · doi:10.3389/fvets.2023.1278417 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
“To determine the presence of other concomitant viruses, the CaAstV-positive samples were subsequently screened for common canine enteric viruses, including CPV (46), CDV (47), CCoV (48), and canine kobuvirus (CaKoV) (49).”
BackgroundMoreira, A. S. D., Raabis, S. M., Graham, M. E., Dreyfus, J., Sibley, S. D., Godhardt-Cooper, J. A., Toohey-Kurth, K., Goldberg, T., & Peek, S. (2017) · Journal of Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation · doi:10.1177/1040638716685597 · Cited by 6 · see citing works
“Thus, kobuviruses are common, if not ubiquitous, and they are present in both healthy and diarrheic animals of several species.(3,10,13,15) Similarly, they are commonly a contributor to mixed enteric infections in diarrhea cases, such as the calf of our report.”
BackgroundDetection and genetic characterization of canine kobuvirus from stray dogs in Shanghai, China
Deng, B., Song, Y., Li, L., Zhou, Y., Zhu, C., Zhang, W., & Feng, D. (2023) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-023-05710-z · Cited by 6 · see citing works
Zhao, Y., Wang, P., Qu, X., Yuan, K., Zhu, S., Wang, S., Luan, Q., Zhou, H., Yin, Y.-D., Zhao, Z., et al. (2023) · Laboratory Animals. Journal of the Laboratory Animal Science Association · doi:10.1177/00236772231188172 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Epidemiological and phylogenetic analysis of canine kobuviruses in Tangshan, China
Wang, Z., Jiang, Y.-J., Liu, X., Lin, W.-D., Feng, Q., Xin, T., Guo, X., Hou, S., Zhu, H., & Jia, H. (2020) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-020-04727-y · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Odigie, A. E., Capozza, P., Tempesta, M., Decaro, N., & Pratelli, A. (2024) · Research in Veterinary Science · doi:10.1016/j.rvsc.2024.105289 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Detection and Characterization of a Novel Picornavirus in European Badger (Meles meles)
Palombieri, A., Fruci, P., Sarchese, V., Robetto, S., Orusa, R., Arbuatti, A., Martella, V., Martino, B. D., & Profio, F. D. (2022) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci9110645 · Cited by 4 · see citing works
Molecular Survey for Major Canine Enteric Viral Pathogens in Wild Carnivores, Northwestern Italy
Sarchese, V., Profio, F. D., Robetto, S., Orusa, R., Vuillermoz, B., Pellegrini, F., Marsilio, F., Martella, V., & Martino, B. D. (2025) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci12090814 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationDevelopment of an SYBR Green I-based real-time PCR assay for the rapid detection of canine kobuvirus
Wang, Y., Cui, Y., Li, Y., Zhang, D., Sun, J., Guo, X., Liu, G., Jiang, S., & Li, Y. (2020) · Journal of Virological Methods · doi:10.1016/j.jviromet.2020.113944 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Identification of Aichivirus in a Pet Rat (Rattus norvegicus) in Italy
Alfano, F., Lucibelli, M. G., Serra, F., Levante, M., Rea, S., Gallo, A., Petrucci, F., Pucciarelli, A., Picazio, G., Monini, M., et al. (2024) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani14121765 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
“Members of the genus Kobuvirus , genetically closely related to human AiVs, have been identified in Italy from a wide range of domestic and wild animals, suggesting a mutual exchange of viruses [38–46].”
BackgroundYu, Y., Yao, Y., Hu, S., & Han, X. (2024) · Archives of Virology · doi:10.1007/s00705-024-06161-w · Cited by 2 · see citing works
Molecular characterization of canine and feline kobuvirus infections in Iran.
Aftab, G., Arfaee, F., Akhtardanesh, B., & Brujeni, G. N. (2022) · PubMed Central · doi:10.30466/vrf.2020.128667.2975 · Cited by 2 · see citing works
First detection and molecular characterization of kobuvirus from a dog in Turkey
Akkutay-Yoldar, Z., Koç, B. T., & Oğuzoğlu, T. Ç. (2019) · Medycyna Weterynaryjna · doi:10.21521/mw.6248 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“While CaKVs has been detected in both healthy and diarrheic dogs in several countries, such as Italy, South Korea, Japan, US, China, and Tanzania, there is no information about the infection in Turkey (2, 5, 8, 10).”
BackgroundDetection and Molecular Characterization of Kobuviruses: An Agent of Canine Viral Diarrhea
Timurkan, M. Ö., Aydin, H., & Polat, E. (2024) · Current Microbiology · doi:10.1007/s00284-024-03831-5 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Red fox viromes across an urban-rural gradientPreprint
Campbell, S. J., Ashley, W., Gil-Fernández, M., Newsome, T., Giallonardo, F. D., Ortiz-Baez, A., Mahar, J., Towerton, A. L., Gillings, M., Holmes, E., et al. (2020) · bioRxiv · doi:10.1101/2020.06.15.153858 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
“While we cannot assume that these viruses cause disease, kobuviruses have been 319 isolated from dogs and other mammals with diarrheic symptoms (64, 65).”
BackgroundAre Non Conventional Pets Potential Carriers of Zoonotic Viruses? A Two Years StudyPreprint
Alfano, F., Lucibelli, M. G., Serra, F., Levante, M., Rea, S., Gallo, A., Petrucci, F., Monini, M., Bartolo, I. D., d’Ovidio, D., et al. (2023) · Preprints.org · doi:10.20944/preprints202312.2157.v1
Chen, J., Yu, J., Zou, J., Pan, Y., Mu, Y., Xu, F., & Wang, Y. (2022) · SSRN Electronic Journal · doi:10.2139/ssrn.4159713
Sanchez-Castro, C., Loor-Giler, A., Santander-Parra, S., Campos, M., Mena-Pérez, R., Prado-Chiriboga, S., & Núñez, L. (2025) · Veterinary Sciences · doi:10.3390/vetsci12111076
- Authors
- Di Martino, B., Di Felice, E., Ceci, C., Di Profio, F., & Marsilio, F.
- Affiliations
- University of Teramo (IT)
- ORCID
- Marsilio, Fulvio
- Venue
- Veterinary Microbiology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2013-09
- Volume
- 166
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 246-249
- ISSN
- 0378-1135 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC7117211
- OpenAlex
- W2044669725
- Cited by
- 59
- References
- 24
- Citations by year
- 2025: 3 · 2024: 5 · 2023: 6 · 2022: 3 · 2021: 3 · 2020: 9 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 4 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 1
- FWCI
- 7.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- green
- www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov
- Locations
- Veterinary Microbiology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- UniTERAMO Research Catalog (University of Teramo) (submittedVersion)
- Funders
- Ministero dell'Università e della Ricerca
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Virus Infections Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Infectious Diseases › Viral gastroenteritis research and epidemiology
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Epidemiology › Virology and Viral Diseases
- Keywords
- kobuvirus, canine diarrhea, dogs, prevalence, viral coinfection, canine coronavirus, canine parvovirus type 2, 3D gene, viral circulation, Italy
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Diarrhea, Dog Diseases, Dogs, Feces, Italy, Phylogeny, Picornaviridae Infections, Kobuvirus
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