Serological survey of Toxoplasma gondii infection in domestic cats from northeastern Portugal
Abstract
Cats are very important hosts in the epidemiological cycle of Toxoplasma gondii, a zoonotic protozoan parasite that can infect humans and many other animal species worldwide. We report a serological survey of antibodies to T. gondii in domestic cats from northeastern Portugal, by means of the modified agglutination test. Three cats had titres of 20 (3.9%), 18 had titres of 40 (23.7%) and 55 animals had titres of > or =800 (72.4%). Results of three seropositive kittens with less than 4 months were not considered for determining the seroprevalence of infection, which was found to be 35.8% (73/204). Differences in the seroprevalence levels were not statistically significant between males (35.6%) and females (36.0%) or pure non-European (26.7%) and European or mixed-breed cats (39.6%). Animals aged 36-71 months and 72-180 months had the highest seroprevalences of infection, i.e. 51.7% and 51.2%, respectively, which significantly differ from the values observed in cats with 2-11 months (14.6%) and 12-35 months (26.3%). Infection levels were also significantly different between cats that lived totally indoors (7.7%) and those that had access to outdoors (45.4%), as well as between cats living alone (13.8%) and those that had contact with other cats (39.4%). Seroprevalence values in cats fed only commercial canned or dried food (22.9%) and animals whose diet included raw or undercooked viscera and/or meat (53.5%) were also significantly different. Furthermore, considering only 108 cats, differences of seropositivity to T. gondii were significant between feline immunodeficiency virus infected and non-infected animals, but this was not observed for feline leukaemia virus. Age, habitat and diet were identified as risk factors for the feline T. gondii infection by logistic regression analysis. Some control measures are suggested based on these findings.
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Raw-fed cats have been shown to demonstrate increased toxoplasma seroprevalence and oocyst shedding.
“Moreover, raw‐fed cats have been shown to demonstrate increased toxoplasma seroprevalence and oocyst shedding (Lopes et al. 2008, Coelho et al. 2011, Freeman et al. 2013)”
From Raw diets for dogs and cats: a review, with particular reference to microbiological hazards. (2019) · cites this paper as Lopes et al. 2008
The MAT cut-off titre of 20 was chosen to maximize both sensitivity and specificity.
“A cut-off titre of 20 (2 IU/ml in relation to a World Health Organization international reference serum) was chosen to maximize both sensitivity and specificity of the test [27, 28].”
From Survey of Dirofilaria immitis antigen and antibodies to Leishmania infantum and Toxoplasma gondii in cats from Madeira Island, Portugal (2020) · cites this paper as [28]
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- Authors
- Lopes, A. P., Cardoso, L., & Rodrigues, M.
- Affiliations
- University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro (PT)
- ORCID
- Lopes, Ana Patrícia
- Venue
- Veterinary Parasitology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2008-08
- Volume
- 155
- Issue
- 3-4
- Pages
- 184-189
- ISSN
- 0304-4017 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2085982685
- Cited by
- 86
- References
- 30
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 7 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 4 · 2015: 6 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 5 · 2012: 8
- FWCI
- 3.44
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Veterinary Parasitology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Toxoplasma gondii Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Parasitic infections in humans and animals
- Life Sciences › Immunology and Microbiology › Parasitology › Bartonella species infections research
- Keywords
- Toxoplasma gondii, toxoplasmosis, cats, seroprevalence, serological survey, risk factors, age, outdoor access, cat diet, feline immunodeficiency virus, feline leukemia virus, zoonotic parasites, Northeast Portugal
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Antibodies, Protozoan, Antibodies, Viral, Cat Diseases, Cats, Leukemia Virus, Feline, Female, Male, Portugal, Toxoplasma, Toxoplasmosis, Animal, Seroepidemiologic Studies, Immunodeficiency Virus, Feline, Lentivirus Infections, Leukemia, Feline
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