Cited by 188Retinal Development and DisordersGenetic and Kidney Cyst DiseasesConnexins and lens biology

Usher syndrome: Animal models, retinal function of Usher proteins, and prospects for gene therapy

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Williams, David S.·2008·Vision Research

Abstract

Usher syndrome is a deafness-blindness disorder. The blindness occurs from a progressive retinal degeneration that begins after deafness and after the retina has developed. Three clinical subtypes of Usher syndrome have been identified, with mutations in any one of six different genes giving rise to type 1, in any one of three different genes to type 2, and in one identified gene causing Usher type 3. Mutant mice for most of the genes have been studied; while they have clear inner ear defects, retinal phenotypes are relatively mild and have been difficult to characterize. The retinal functions of the Usher proteins are still largely unknown. Protein binding studies have suggested many interactions among the proteins, and a model of interaction among all the proteins in the photoreceptor synapse has been proposed. However this model is not supported by localization data from some laboratories, or the indication of any synaptic phenotype in mutant mice. An earlier suggestion, based on patient pathologies, of Usher protein function in the photoreceptor cilium continues to gain support from immunolocalization and mutant mouse studies, which are consistent with Usher protein interaction in the photoreceptor ciliary/periciliary region. So far, the most characterized Usher protein is myosin VIIa. It is present in the apical RPE and photoreceptor ciliary/periciliary region, where it is required for organelle transport and clearance of opsin from the connecting cilium, respectively. Usher syndrome is amenable to gene replacement therapy, but also has some specific challenges. Progress in this treatment approach has been achieved by correction of mutant phenotypes in Myo7a-null mouse retinas, following lentiviral delivery of MYO7A.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.visres.2007.08.015

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  • In Myo7a mutant RPE, a delay in clearance of phagosomes from the actin-rich apical RPE has been detected, but no delay in phagosome degradation detectable in vivo, and Myo7a mutant mice do not undergo detectable RPE pathogenesis.

    “A delay in the clearance of phagosomes from the actin-rich, apical RPE has been detected in Myo7a mutant RPE, but unlike that observed here with Klc1−/− mice, there was no delay in phagosome degradation detectable in vivo (Gibbs et al., 2003), and Myo7a mutant mice do not undergo detectable RPE pathogenesis (Williams, 2008).”

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  1. Liu, X., Vansant, G., Udovichenko, I. P., Wolfrum, U., & Williams, D. S. (1997a). Myosin VIIa, the product of the Usher 1B syndrome gene, is concentrated in the connecting cilia of photoreceptor cells. Cell Motility and the Cytoskeleton, 37(3), 240-252.
  2. Seiler, C., & Nicolson, T. (1999). Defective calmodulin-dependent rapid apical endocytosis in zebrafish sensory hair cell mutants. Journal of Neurobiology, 41(3), 424-434.
  3. Wolfrum, U., Liu, X., Schmitt, A., Udovichenko, I. P., & Williams, D. S. (1998). Myosin VIIa as a common component of cilia and microvilli. Cell Motility and Cytoskeleton, 40(3), 261-271.

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Authors
Williams, D. S.
Affiliations
University of California San Diego (US)
Corresponding author
Williams, David S.
Venue
Vision Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2008-02
Volume
48
Issue
3
Pages
433-441
ISSN
0042-6989 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2117841202
Cited by
188
References
105
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 8 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 8 · 2020: 5 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 6 · 2016: 6 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 11 · 2012: 19
FWCI
1.16
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Locations
  • Vision Research (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed Central (acceptedVersion)
Funders
  • National Institutes of Health
  • National Eye Institute (R01EY007042, EY07042)
Topics
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Retinal Development and Disorders
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Genetics › Genetic and Kidney Cyst Diseases
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Connexins and lens biology
Keywords
Usher syndrome, retinal degeneration, MYO7A, photoreceptor synapses, connecting cilium, organelle transport, retinal pigment epithelium, lentiviral gene therapy, mutant mouse models, protein-protein interaction
MeSH terms
Myosin VIIa, Animals, Disease Models, Animal, Dyneins, Eye Proteins, Humans, Mutation, Myosins, Retina, Genetic Therapy, Mice, Usher Syndromes

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