Tire wear particles in the aquatic environment - a review on generation, analysis, occurrence, fate and effects
Abstract
Tire wear particles (TWP), generated from tire material during use on roads have gained increasing attention as part of organic particulate contaminants, such as microplastic, in aquatic environments. The available information on properties and generation of TWP, analytical techniques to determine TWP, emissions, occurrence and behavior and ecotoxicological effects of TWP are reviewed with a focus on surface water as a potential receptor. TWP emissions are traffic related and contribute 5-30% to non-exhaust emissions from traffic. The mass of TWP generated is estimated at 1,327,000 t/a for the European Union, 1,120,000 t/a for the United States and 133,000 t/a for Germany. For Germany, this is equivalent to four times the amount of pesticides used. The mass of TWP ultimately entering the aquatic environment strongly depends on the extent of collection and treatment of road runoff, which is highly variable. For the German highways it is estimated that up to 11,000 t/a of TWP reach surface waters. Data on TWP concentrations in the environment, including surface waters are fragmentary, which is also due to the lack of suitable analytical methods for their determination. Information on TWP properties such as density and size distribution are missing; this hampers assessing the fate of TWP in the aquatic environment. Effects in the aquatic environment may stem from TWP itself or from compounds released from TWP. It is concluded that reliable knowledge on transport mechanism to sur…
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Tire wear particles are ubiquitous in the environment.
“They are ubiquitous in the environment; in Europe it is estimated that about 1.3 million metric tons of tire wear are generated on roads per year (Wagner et al., 2018).”
From Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature (2024) · cites this paper as Wagner et al., 2018
To date there is limited research on the fundamental physio-chemical properties of tire wear particles that are necessary for understanding the best approaches for abiotic removal of tire wear compounds.
“to date there is limited research on the fundamental physio-chemical properties of tire wear particles (e.g., density, size distribution in runoff, or surface charge) that are necessary for under standing the best approaches for abiotic removal of tire wear compounds (Wagner et al., 2018).”
From Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature (2024) · cites this paper as Wagner et al., 2018
The chronic toxicity levels of tire wear particles for several aquatic species range between 10 and 3600 TWP/L.
“the chronic toxicity levels of tire wear particles (TWP) for several aquatic species range between 10 and 3600 TWP/L (Wagner et al., 2018).”
From Review of emerging contaminants in green stormwater infrastructure: antibiotic resistance genes, microplastics, tire wear particles, PFAS, and temperature (2024) · cites this paper as Wagner et al., 2018
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- Authors
- Wagner, S., Hüffer, T., Klöckner, P., Wehrhahn, M., Hofmann, T., & Reemtsma, T.
- Venue
- Water Research
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2018-08
- Volume
- 139
- Pages
- 83-100
- ISSN
- 0043-1354
- Cited by
- 1,042
- References
- 1
- Language
- en
- Funders
- German Ministry for Education and Research (BMBF 02WRS1378H)
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