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Cited by 19Fecal contamination and water qualityUrban Stormwater Management SolutionsPharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts

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Highly variable removal of pathogens, antibiotic resistance genes, conventional fecal indicators and human-associated fecal source markers in a pilot-scale stormwater biofilter operated under realistic stormflow conditions

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Rugh, Megyn B., Grant, Stanley B., Hung, Wei-Cheng, Jay, Jennifer A., Parker, Emily A., Feraud, Marina, Li, Dong, Avasarala, Sumant, Holden, Patricia A., Liu, Haizhou, Rippy, Megan A., Werfhorst, Laurie C. Van De, Kefela, Timnit, Peng, Jian, Shao, Stella, Graham, Katherine E., Boehm, Alexandria B., Choi, Samuel, Mohanty, Sanjay K., Cao, Yiping·2022·Water Research
DOI 10.1016/j.watres.2022.118525
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Abstract

Green stormwater infrastructure systems, such as biofilters, provide many water quality and other environmental benefits, but their ability to remove human pathogens and antibiotic resistance genes (ARGs) from stormwater runoff is not well documented. In this study, a field scale biofilter in Southern California (USA) was simultaneously evaluated for the breakthrough of a conservative tracer (bromide), conventional fecal indicators, bacterial and viral human-associated fecal source markers (HF183, crAssphage, and PMMoV), ARGs, and bacterial and viral pathogens. When challenged with a 50:50 mixture of untreated sewage and stormwater (to mimic highly contaminated storm flow) the biofilter significantly removed (p Salmonella (2.3) > adenovirus (1.9) > coliphage (1.5) > crAssphage (1.2) > E. coli (1.0) ∼ 16S rRNA genes (1.0) ∼ fecal coliform (1.0) ∼ intl1 (1.0) > Enterococcus (0.9) ∼ MRSA (0.9) ∼ sul1 (0.9) > PMMoV (0.7) > Entero1A (0.5). No significant removal was observed for GenBac3, Campylobacter, and HF183. From the bromide data, we infer that 0.5 log-units of attenuation can be attributed to the dilution of incoming stormwater with water stored in the biofilter; removal above this threshold is presumably associated with non-conservative processes, such as physicochemical filtration, die-off, and predation. Our study documents high variability (>100-fold) in the removal of different microbial contaminants and ARGs by a field-scale stormwater biofilter operated under transien…

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Metadata

Authors
Rugh, M. B., Grant, S. B., Hung, W.-C., Jay, J. A., Parker, E. A., Feraud, M., Li, D., Avasarala, S., Holden, P. A., Liu, H., Rippy, M. A., Werfhorst, L. C. V. D., Kefela, T., Peng, J., Shao, S., Graham, K. E., Boehm, A. B., Choi, S., Mohanty, S. K., & Cao, Y.
Affiliations
  • University of California, Los Angeles (US)
  • Center for Coastal Studies (US)
  • Virginia Tech (US)
  • University of California, Santa Barbara (US)
  • University of California, Riverside (US)
  • GSI Environmental (United States) (US)
  • Stanford University (US)
Corresponding author
Cao, Yiping
ORCID
Venue
Water Research
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2022-07
Volume
219
Pages
118525
ISSN
0043-1354 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/j.watres.2022.118525
OpenAlex
W4225279720
Cited by
19
References
0
Citations by year
2026: 1 · 2025: 4 · 2024: 4 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 3
FWCI
1.34
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
Licence
Locations
  • Water Research (acceptedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders
  • Office of the President, University of California (2021015)
  • National Science Foundation (0963183, EEC-1028968)
  • University of California Irvine (MRP-17\u2013455083)
Topics
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Water Science and Technology › Fecal contamination and water quality
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Environmental Engineering › Urban Stormwater Management Solutions
  • Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Pollution › Pharmaceutical and Antibiotic Environmental Impacts
Keywords
pathogen removal, antibiotic resistance genes, fecal indicator bacteria, viral pathogens, crAssphage, pepper mild mottle virus, HF183, bromide tracer, wastewater pollution, green stormwater infrastructure, ermB, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, sul1, Enterococcus, Salmonella, adenovirus, fecal coliforms
MeSH terms
Anti-Bacterial Agents, Bromides, Drug Resistance, Microbial, Escherichia coli, Feces, Humans, RNA, Ribosomal, 16S, Water Microbiology

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