Anxiety Disorders are Associated with Low Socioeconomic Status in Women but Not in Men
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Objectives We investigated to what extent the lifetime prevalence of anxiety disorders relates to negative economic changes, taking important lifestyle factors and unexpected life events into consideration. Methods We included 3,695 participants recruited in the city of Lausanne (Switzerland), from the population-based CoLaus/PsyCoLaus study. The association between anxiety disorders, lifestyle factors, and life events related to income was investigated using binary logistic regression analyses correcting for demographic and clinical confounders. Results Compared with men, women with anxiety disorders showed a significantly lower socioeconomic status (Mann-Whitney U = 56,318; p < .001) and reported a higher negative impact of substantial reduction of income (Mann-Whitney U = 68,531; p = .024). When performing adjusted analyses, low socioeconomic status (odd ratio, 0.87; p = .001) and negative impact of reduction of income (odd ratio, 1.01; p = .004) were associated significantly with anxiety disorders in women but not in men. Conclusion Our results suggest that anxiety disorders aggravate already existing gender differences in economic conditions, and that women with anxiety need additional support to attain socioeconomic security similar to that of men.
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In the presence of an anxiety disorder, women were more likely to have economic difficulties than men.
“while in the presence of an anxiety disorder, women were more likely to have economic difficulties than men. 50”
From Factors associated with gender and sex differences in anxiety prevalence and comorbidity: A systematic review (2022) · cites this paper as [50]
Cites
(2004) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.291.21.2581 · Cited by 3,448 · cited 1× · see citing works
“Women are twice as likely as men to develop an anxiety disorder and the 12-month prevalence of these conditions in women is up to 12% in European countries (Catuzzi & Beck, 2014; Demyttenaere et al., 2004).”
BackgroundThe global burden of anxiety disorders in 2010
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“…& Andreski, 1991; Cosci, Knuts, Abrams, Griez, & Schruers, 2010), alcohol consumption (Bellos et al., 2016), low physical activity (Herring, O’Connor, & Dishman, 2010; Wegner et al., 2014) and living conditions (Kessler, Walters, & Forthofer, 1998; Pankiewicz, Majkowicz, & Krzykowski, 2012).”
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Associations of financial strain and income with depressive and anxiety disorders
Dijkstra-Kersten, S. M. A., Biesheuvel-Leliefeld, K. E. M., van der Wouden, J. C., Penninx, B. W. J. H., & van Marwijk, H. W. J. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health · doi:10.1136/jech-2014-205088 · Cited by 157 · see citing works
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Farhane-Medina, N. Z., Luque, B., Tabernero, C., & Castillo-Mayén, R. (2022) · Science Progress · doi:10.1177/00368504221135469 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
“Men who identified themselves with the traditional male role were more likely to develop anxiety as a result of economic difficulties,(40) while in the presence of an anxiety disorder, women were more likely to have economic difficulties than men.(50) According to the social sphere, it is necessary to highlight the re…”
Background
- Authors
- Mwinyi, J., Pisanu, C., Castelao, E., Stringhini, S., Preisig, M., & Schiöth, H. B.
- Affiliations
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois (CH)
- Corresponding author
- Mwinyi, Jessica
- ORCID
- Venue
- Women's Health Issues
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2017-05
- Volume
- 27
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 302-307
- ISSN
- 1049-3867 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2588694007
- Cited by
- 48
- References
- 5
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 3 · 2024: 7 · 2023: 7 · 2022: 8 · 2021: 2 · 2020: 7 · 2019: 7 · 2018: 1
- FWCI
- 5.52
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- Licence
- Locations
- Women s Health Issues (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Archive ouverte UNIGE (University of Geneva) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
- UNICA IRIS Institutional Research Information System (University of Cagliari) (submittedVersion)
- IRIS (submittedVersion)
- SERVAL (Université de Lausanne) (submittedVersion)
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
- Social Sciences › Health › Health disparities and outcomes
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › General Health Professions › Employment and Welfare Studies
- Keywords
- anxiety disorders, socioeconomic status, gender differences, income loss, economic hardship, lifestyle factors, life events, women's mental health
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Anxiety Disorders, Cross-Sectional Studies, Female, Humans, Income, Life Style, Middle Aged, Sex Factors, Social Class, Socioeconomic Factors, Switzerland, Cohort Studies, Prevalence
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