The global burden of anxiety disorders in 2010

Baxter, A. J.; Vos, T.; Scott, K. M.; Ferrari, A. J.; Whiteford, H. A.

doi:10.1017/s0033291713003243

Cited by 768Mental Health Treatment and AccessAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive ProcessesChild and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development

The global burden of anxiety disorders in 2010

Baxter, A. J., Vos, T., Scott, K. M., Ferrari, A. J., Whiteford, H. A.·2014·Psychological Medicine

DOI 10.1017/s0033291713003243

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Abstract

Background: Despite their high prevalence, the global burden of anxiety disorders has never been calculated comprehensively. The new Global Burden of Disease (GBD) study has estimated burden due to morbidity and mortality caused by any anxiety disorder. Method: Prevalence was estimated using Bayesian meta-regression informed by data identified in a systematic review. Years of life lived with disability (YLDs) were calculated by multiplying prevalent cases by an average disability weight based on severity proportions (mild, moderate and severe). Disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) were then calculated and age standardized using global standard population figures. Estimates were also made for additional suicide mortality attributable to anxiety disorders. Findings are presented for YLDs, DALYs and attributable burden due to suicide for 21 world regions in 1990 and 2010. Results: Anxiety disorders were the sixth leading cause of disability, in terms of YLDs, in both high-income (HI) and low- and middle-income (LMI) countries. Globally, anxiety disorders accounted for 390 DALYs per 100 000 persons [95% uncertainty interval (UI) 191–371 DALYs per 100 000] in 2010, with no discernible change observed over time. Females accounted for about 65% of the DALYs caused by anxiety disorders, with the highest burden in both males and females experienced by those aged between 15 and 34 years. Although there was regional variation in prevalence, the overlap between uncertainty estimates means that substantive differences in burden between populations could not be identified. Conclusions: Anxiety disorders are chronic, disabling conditions that are distributed across the globe. Future estimates of burden could be further improved by obtaining more representative data on severity state proportions.

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Experiences of depressive and anxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence are associated with an elevated risk of poor mental health in adulthood.
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Direct and indirect costs of depression and anxiety make these disorders main contributors to the global burden of disease.
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Anxiety disorders are common, burdensome and costly to individuals and wider society.
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The regional distribution of anxiety disorders: implications for the Global Burden of Disease Study, 2010
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Self-citation

Authors: Baxter, A. J., Vos, T., Scott, K. M., Ferrari, A. J., & Whiteford, H. A.
Affiliations: The University of Queensland (AU)
University of Washington (US)
University of Otago (NZ)
Corresponding author: Baxter, A. J.
ORCID: Baxter, A. J.
Vos, T.
Scott, K. M.
Ferrari, A. J.
Whiteford, H. A.
Venue: Psychological Medicine
Publisher: Cambridge University Press (CUP)
Published: 2014-01-22
Volume: 44
Issue: 11
Pages: 2363-2374
ISSN: 0033-2917 (ISSN-L)
1469-8978
DOI: 10.1017/s0033291713003243
OpenAlex: W2007965977
Cited by: 768
References: 31
Citations by year: 2026: 30 · 2025: 56 · 2024: 82 · 2023: 112 · 2022: 103 · 2021: 84 · 2020: 106 · 2019: 62 · 2018: 53 · 2017: 39 · 2016: 23 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 1
FWCI: 38.96
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.cambridge.org/core/terms (unspecified)
Locations: Psychological Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
Topics: Social Sciences › Psychology › Social Psychology › Mental Health Treatment and Access
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
Keywords: anxiety disorders, global burden of disease, disability-adjusted life years, years lived with disability, suicide mortality, prevalence, sex differences, age distribution, regional variation, low- and middle-income countries
MeSH terms: Adolescent, Adult, Aged, Aged, 80 and over, Anxiety Disorders, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Global Health, Cost of Illness, Young Adult

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The global burden of anxiety disorders in 2010

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