A New Approach to Staging Diabetic Eye Disease
Open accessAbstract
Topic: The goal of this review was to summarize the current level of evidence on biomarkers to quantify diabetic retinal neurodegeneration (DRN) and diabetic macular edema (DME). Clinical relevance: With advances in retinal diagnostics, we have more data on patients with diabetes than ever before. However, the staging system for diabetic retinal disease is still based only on color fundus photographs and we do not have clear guidelines on how to incorporate data from the relatively newer modalities into clinical practice. Methods: In this review, we use a Delphi process with experts to identify the most promising modalities to identify DRN and DME. These included microperimetry, full-field flash electroretinogram, spectral-domain OCT, adaptive optics, and OCT angiography. We then used a previously published method of determining the evidence level to complete detailed evidence grids for each modality. Results: Our results showed that among the modalities evaluated, the level of evidence to quantify DRN and DME was highest for OCT (level 1) and lowest for adaptive optics (level 4). Conclusion: For most of the modalities evaluated, prospective studies are needed to elucidate their role in the management and outcomes of diabetic retinal diseases. Financial Disclosures: Proprietary or commercial disclosure may be found in the Footnotes and Disclosures at the end of this article.
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Initial adoption of AI-aided testing systems is often limited by challenges including lack of trust, resistance to change, training gaps, and uncertainty of the cost-benefit.
“While AI-aided testing systems hold promise for helping drive down the social and economic burden of DR, initial adoption of new technology is often limited by many challenges including lack of trust, resistance to change, training gaps, and uncertainty of the cost-benefit.9”
From Autonomous Artificial Intelligence in Diabetic Retinopathy Testing—Lessons Learned on Successful Health System Adoption (2026) · cites this paper as [9]
The Results section on adaptive optics imaging describes barriers to that modality’s widespread use—time-intensive analysis, limited device availability, and lack of standardization—not barriers to adopting AI-aided testing. Searches for AI adoption, trust, resistance to change, training, and cost-benefit found no passage addressing the claimed challenges; page numbers were unavailable in our copy. (LLM, conf=0.76)
Experimental — accuracy not yet measured
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Cites
Wilkinson, C. P., Ferris, F. L., Klein, R., Lee, P. P., Agardh, C., Davis, M., Dills, D. G., Kampik, A., Pararajasegaram, R., & Verdaguer, J. (2003) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(03)00475-5 · Cited by 3,786 · see citing works
Supernormal vision and high-resolution retinal imaging through adaptive optics
Liang, J., Williams, D. R., & Miller, D. T. (1997) · Journal of the Optical Society of America A · doi:10.1364/josaa.14.002884 · Cited by 1,462 · see citing works
ISCEV Standard for full-field clinical electroretinography (2015 update)
McCulloch, D. L., Marmor, M. F., Brigell, M., Hamilton, R., Holder, G. E., Tzekov, R. T., & Bach, M. (2014) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-014-9473-7 · Cited by 1,316 · see citing works
Self-citationUse of Archived Specimens in Evaluation of Prognostic and Predictive Biomarkers
Simon, R. M., Paik, S., & Hayes, D. F. (2009) · JNCI Journal of the National Cancer Institute · doi:10.1093/jnci/djp335 · Cited by 1,040 · see citing works
Adaptive optics scanning laser ophthalmoscopy
Roorda, A., Romero‐Borja, F., Donnelly, W. J., Queener, H. M., Hebert, T. J., & Campbell, M. C. W. (2002) · Optics Express · doi:10.1364/oe.10.000405 · Cited by 973 · see citing works
Diabetic Retinopathy: A Position Statement by the American Diabetes Association
Solomon, S. D., Chew, E. Y., Duh, E. J., Sobrin, L., Sun, J. K., VanderBeek, B. L., Wykoff, C. C., & Gardner, T. W. (2017) · Diabetes Care · doi:10.2337/dc16-2641 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Self-citationFundus Photographic Risk Factors for Progression of Diabetic Retinopathy
* (1991) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(13)38014-2 · Cited by 961 · see citing works
Sohn, E. H., van Dijk, H. W., Jiao, C., Kok, P. H. B., Jeong, W., Demirkaya, N., Garmager, A., Wit, F. W. N. M., Küçükevcilioğlu, M., van Velthoven, M. E. J., et al. (2016) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.1522014113 · Cited by 686 · see citing works
Self-citationBrowning, D. J., Glassman, A. R., Aiello, L. P., Beck, R. W., Brown, D. M., Fong, D. S., Bressler, N. M., Danis, R. P., Kinyoun, J. L., Nguyen, Q. D., et al. (2006) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2006.06.052 · Cited by 614 · see citing works
Neurodegeneration in diabetic retinopathy: does it really matter?
Simó, R., Stitt, A. W., & Gardner, T. W. (2018) · Diabetologia · doi:10.1007/s00125-018-4692-1 · Cited by 605 · see citing works
Self-citationNeurodegeneration in the diabetic eye: new insights and therapeutic perspectives
Simó, R., & Hernández, C. (2013) · Trends in Endocrinology and Metabolism · doi:10.1016/j.tem.2013.09.005 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Durbin, M. K., An, L., Shemonski, N. D., Soares, M., Santos, T., Lopes, M., Neves, C., & Cunha-Vaz, J. G. (2017) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2017.0080 · Cited by 373 · see citing works
Sun, Z., Tang, F., Wong, R. L. M., Lok, J. K. H., Szeto, S., Chan, J. C. K., Chan, C. K. M., Tham, C. C. Y., Ng, D. S., & Cheung, C. Y.-L. (2019) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.06.016 · Cited by 309 · see citing works
Lee, J., Moon, B. G., Cho, A. R., & Yoon, Y. H. (2016) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2016.07.010 · Cited by 281 · see citing works
Mwanza, J.-C., Durbin, M. K., Budenz, D. L., Girkin, C. A., Leung, C. K.-S., Liebmann, J. M., Peace, J. H., Werner, J. S., & Wollstein, G. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-7896 · Cited by 276 · see citing works
Robinson, R., Barathi, V. A., Chaurasia, S. S., Wong, T. Y., & Kern, T. S. (2012) · Disease Models & Mechanisms · doi:10.1242/dmm.009597 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
Virgili, G., Menchini, F., Casazza, G., Hogg, R. E., Das, R., Wang, X., & Michelessi, M. (2015) · Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1002/14651858.cd008081.pub3 · Cited by 270 · see citing works
Focal Photocoagulation Treatment of Diabetic Macular Edema
(1995) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1995.01100090070025 · Cited by 259 · see citing works
Tang, F. Y., Ng, D. S., Lam, A. K. N., Luk, F. O. J., Wong, R. L. M., Chan, C. K. M., Mohamed, S., Fong, A. H. C., Lok, J. K. H., Tso, T., et al. (2017) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-017-02767-0 · Cited by 221 · see citing works
Corvi, F., Pellegrini, M., Erba, S., Cozzi, M., Staurenghi, G., & Giani, A. (2017) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2017.11.011 · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Optical coherence tomography angiography in diabetic retinopathy: an updated review
Sun, Z., Yang, D., Tang, Z., Ng, D. S., & Cheung, C. Y.-L. (2020) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-020-01233-y · Cited by 218 · see citing works
Diabetic retinopathy is a neurodegenerative disorder
Lynch, S. K., & Abràmoff, M. D. (2017) · Vision Research · doi:10.1016/j.visres.2017.03.003 · Cited by 201 · see citing works
Self-citationTam, J., Dhamdhere, K. P., Tiruveedhula, P. K., Manzanera, S., Barez, S., Bearse, M. A., Adams, A. J., & Roorda, A. (2011) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.11-8481 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Oscillatory Potential Amplitudes
Bresnick, G. H. (1987) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1987.01060070065030 · Cited by 170 · see citing works
Electrophysiological Changes in Juvenile Diabetics Without Retinopathy
Juen, S. (1990) · Archives of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/archopht.1990.01070050070033 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Browning, D. J., Glassman, A. R., Aiello, L. P., Bressler, N. M., Bressler, S. B., Danis, R. P., Davis, M. D., Ferris, F. L., Huang, S. S., Kaiser, P. K., et al. (2008) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2007.12.004 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Neurodegeneration is an early event in diabetic retinopathy: therapeutic implications
Simó, R., & Hernández, C. (2012) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2012-302005 · Cited by 150 · see citing works
Burns, S. A., Elsner, A. E., Chui, T. Y. P., VanNasdale, D. A., Clark, C. A., Gast, T. J., Malinovsky, V. E., & Phan, A.-D. T. (2014) · Biomedical Optics Express · doi:10.1364/boe.5.000961 · Cited by 138 · see citing works
Intrasession Test–Retest Variability of Microperimetry in Age-Related Macular Degeneration
Wu, Z., Ayton, L. N., Guymer, R. H., & Luu, C. D. (2013) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.13-12617 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Evidence for a neural basis of age-related visual field loss in normal observers.
Johnson, C. A., Adams, A. J., & Lewis, R. A. (1989) · PubMed · Cited by 127 · see citing works
Abràmoff, M. D., Fort, P. E., Han, I. C., Jayasundera, T., Sohn, E. H., & Gardner, T. W. (2018) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.17-21873 · Cited by 109 · see citing works
Self-citationAlkuraya, H., Kangave, D., & El‐Asrar, A. M. A. (2006) · International Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s10792-006-9007-8 · Cited by 104 · see citing works
Joltikov, K. A., Sesi, C., Castro, V., Davila, J. R., Anand, R., Khan, S. M., Farbman, N., Jackson, G. R., Johnson, C. A., & Gardner, T. W. (2018) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24955 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Self-citationKhawaja, A. P., Chua, S. Y. L., Hysi, P. G., Georgoulas, S., Currant, H., Fitzgerald, T. W., Birney, E., Ko, F., Yang, Q., Reisman, C. A., et al. (2019) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2019.08.015 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Foundational Considerations for Artificial Intelligence Using Ophthalmic Images
Abràmoff, M. D., Cunningham, B., Patel, B., Eydelman, M. B., Leng, T., Sakamoto, T., Blodi, B., Grenon, S. M., Wolf, R. M., Manrai, A. K., et al. (2022) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2021.08.023 · Cited by 96 · see citing works
Self-citationUpdating the Staging System for Diabetic Retinal Disease
Sun, J. K., Aiello, L. P., Abràmoff, M. D., Antonetti, D. A., Dutta, S., Pragnell, M., Levine, S. R., & Gardner, T. W. (2020) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ophtha.2020.10.008 · Cited by 95 · see citing works
Self-citationKashani, A. H., Green, K. M., Kwon, J., Chu, Z., Zhang, Q., Wang, R. K., Garrity, S. T., Sarraf, D., Rebhun, C. B., Waheed, N. K., et al. (2017) · Ophthalmology Retina · doi:10.1016/j.oret.2017.11.004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Lim, H. B., Shin, Y. I., Lee, M. W., Park, G. S., & Kim, J. (2019) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2019.2537 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Bloodworth, J. M. B. (1962) · PubMed · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Kim, K., Kim, E. S., Kim, D. G., & Yu, S. (2019) · Acta Diabetologica · doi:10.1007/s00592-019-01395-6 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
Associations With Retinal Nerve Fiber Layer Measures in the EPIC-Norfolk Eye Study
Khawaja, A. P., Chan, M. P. Y., Garway‐Heath, D. F., Broadway, D. C., Luben, R., Sherwin, J. C., Hayat, S. A., Khaw, K., & Foster, P. J. (2013) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.13-11971 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Palochak, C. M. A., Lee, H. E., Song, J., Geng, A., Linsenmeier, R. A., Burns, S. A., & Fawzi, A. A. (2019) · Journal of Clinical Medicine · doi:10.3390/jcm8081165 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
A novel device for accurate and efficient testing for vision-threatening diabetic retinopathy
Maa, A. Y., Feuer, W. J., Davis, C. Q., Pillow, E. K., Brown, T. D., Caywood, R. M., Chasan, J. E., & FRANSEN, S. R. (2015) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2015.12.005 · Cited by 73 · see citing works
Rodent Hyperglycemia-Induced Inner Retinal Deficits are Mirrored in Human Diabetes
Pardue, M. T., Barnes, C. S., Kim, M., Aung, M. H., Amarnath, R., Olson, D. E., & Thulé, P. M. (2014) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.3.3.6 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Falavarjani, K. G., Habibi, A., Anvari, P., Ghasemizadeh, S., Ashrafkhorasani, M., Shenazandi, H., & Sarraf, D. (2019) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2019-314018 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Greig, E. C., Brigell, M., Cao, F., Levine, E. S., Peters, K. G., Moult, E. M., Fujimoto, J. G., & Waheed, N. K. (2020) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2020.06.009 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Self-citationGrover, S., Fishman, G. A., Birch, D. G., Locke, K. G., & ROSNER, B. A. (2003) · Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/s0161-6420(03)00253-7 · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Lim, H. B., Shin, Y. I., Lee, M. W., Koo, H., Lee, W. H., & Kim, J. (2020) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-020-58465-x · Cited by 58 · see citing works
Novel Detection and Restorative Levodopa Treatment for Preclinical Diabetic Retinopathy
Motz, C. T., Chesler, K. C., Allen, R. S., Bales, K. L., Mees, L. M., Feola, A., Maa, A. Y., Olson, D. E., Thulé, P. M., Iuvone, P. M., et al. (2020) · Diabetes · doi:10.2337/db19-0869 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Kim, K., Kim, E. S., & Yu, S. (2018) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2018.08.053 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Borrelli, E., Grosso, D., Barresi, C., Lari, G., Sacconi, R., Senni, C., Querques, L., Bandello, F. M., & Querques, G. (2021) · American Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1016/j.ajo.2021.09.002 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Tang, Z., Chan, M. Y., Leung, W. Y., Wong, H. Y., Ng, C. M., Chan, V. T. T., Wong, R. L. M., Lok, J. K. H., Szeto, S., Chan, J. C. K., et al. (2020) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-020-1020-z · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Aschauer, J., Pollreisz, A., Karst, S. G., Hülsmann, M., Hajdu, D., Datlinger, F., Egner, B., Kriechbaum, K., Pablik, E., & Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M. (2020) · British Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bjophthalmol-2020-317322 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Nadri, G., Saxena, S., Štefaničková, J., Žiak, P., Beňačka, J., Gilhotra, J. S., & Kružliak, P. (2019) · Journal of Diabetes and its Complications · doi:10.1016/j.jdiacomp.2019.05.006 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Meduri, A., Oliverio, G. W., Trombetta, L., Giordano, M., Inferrera, L., & Trombetta, C. J. (2021) · Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.1155/2021/6639418 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Czakó, C. N., Sándor, G. L., Ecsedy, M., Récsán, Z., Horváth, H., Szepessy, Z., Nagy, Z. Z., & Kovács, I. (2018) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-018-28994-7 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Glassman, A. R., Beck, R. W., Browning, D. J., Danis, R. P., & Kollman, C. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-1881 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Structural and Functional Abnormalities in Early-stage Diabetic Retinopathy
Park, J. C., Chen, Y., Liu, M., Liu, K., & McAnany, J. J. (2019) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.1080/02713683.2019.1705983 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
González‐Herrero, M. E. R., Ruiz, M. R., López-Román, F. J., Sánchez, J. M. M., & Domingo, J. C. (2018) · Clinical ophthalmology · doi:10.2147/opth.s157635 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Factors based on optical coherence tomography correlated with vision impairment in diabetic patients
Endo, H., Kase, S., Tanaka, H., Takahashi, M., Katsuta, S., Suzuki, Y., Fujii, M., Ishida, S., & Kase, M. (2021) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-021-82334-w · Cited by 31 · see citing works
The spatial relation of diabetic retinal neurodegeneration with diabetic retinopathy
van de Kreeke, J. A., Darma, S., Yin, J. M. P. L. C. P., Tan, H. S., Abràmoff, M. D., Twisk, J. W. R., & Verbraak, F. D. (2020) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0231552 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
Self-citationBloch, E., Yonova‐Doing, E., Jones-Odeh, E., Williams, K. M., Kozareva, D., & Hammond, C. J. (2016) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2016.4486 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Brigell, M., Chiang, B., Maa, A. Y., & Davis, C. Q. (2020) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.9.9.40 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Self-citationAl‐Hawasi, A., & Lagali, N. (2022) · BMC Ophthalmology · doi:10.1186/s12886-022-02488-7 · Cited by 22 · see citing works
Wang, J., Cui, X., Roon, P., & Smith, S. B. (2016) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.15-18995 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Darma, S., Kok, P. H. B., Berg, T., Abràmoff, M. D., Faber, D. J., Hulsman, C. A. A., Zantvoord, F., Mourits, M. P., Schlingemann, R. O., & Verbraak, F. D. (2014) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.12596 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationDetecting retinal neurodegeneration in people with diabetes: Findings from the UK Biobank
Channa, R., Lee, K., Staggers, K. A., Mehta, N., Zafar, S., Gao, J., Frankfort, B. J., Chua, S. Y. L., Khawaja, A. P., Foster, P. J., et al. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0257836 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Self-citationCennamo, G., Montorio, D., Fossataro, F., Fossataro, C., & Tranfa, F. (2021) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0244789 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Changes in Frequency-Doubling Perimetry in Patients with Type I Diabetes prior to Retinopathy
Pinilla, I., Ferreras, A., Idoipe, M., Sánchez-Cano, A. I., Pérez-García, D., Herrera, L. X., Pinilla, M. J., & Abecia, E. (2013) · BioMed Research International · doi:10.1155/2013/341269 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Luís, M. E., Sampaio, F., Costa, J. F., Cabral, D., Teixeira, C., & Ferreira, J. (2021) · Current Eye Research · doi:10.1080/02713683.2021.1878540 · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Effect of shorter dark adaptation on ISCEV standard DA 0.01 and DA 3 skin ERGs in healthy adults
Hamilton, R., & Graham, K. (2016) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-016-9554-x · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Messias, K., Barroso, R. D. M., Jorge, R., & Messias, A. M. V. (2018) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-018-9655-9 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Effect of Cataract Extraction on Retinal Sensitivity Measurements
Palkovits, S., Hirnschall, N. D., Georgiev, S., Leisser, C., & Findl, O. (2020) · Ophthalmic Research · doi:10.1159/000507450 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Bontzos, G., Kabanarou, S. A., Gkizis, I., Ragkousis, A., Xirou, T., & Pető, T. (2021) · Acta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1111/aos.14754 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Etheridge, T. J., Blodi, B., Oden, N. L., Veldhuisen, P. C. V., Scott, I. U., Ip, M. S., Mititelu, M., & Domalpally, A. (2020) · Ophthalmology Retina · doi:10.1016/j.oret.2020.12.016 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Pattern-reversal electroretinographic acuity in untreated eyes with subfoveal neovascular membranes.
Birch, D. G., Anderson, J. L., Fish, G. E., & Jost, B. F. (1992) · PubMed · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Hammoum, I., Benlarbi, M., Dellaa, A., Kahloun, R., Messaoud, R., Amara, S., Azaiz, R., Charfeddine, R., Dogui, M., Khairallah, M., et al. (2018) · Experimental Eye Research · doi:10.1016/j.exer.2018.07.007 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Intravitreal Fluocinolone Acetonide May Decelerate Diabetic Retinal Neurodegeneration
Lynch, S. K., Lee, K., Chen, Z., Folk, J. C., Schmidt-Erfurth, U. M., Gerendas, B. S., Wahle, A., Wykoff, C. C., & Abràmoff, M. D. (2019) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.18-24643 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Self-citationIslam, F. (2016) · PubMed · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Total retinal thickness: a neglected factor in the evaluation of inner retinal thickness
Banghart, M., Lee, K., Bahrainian, M., Staggers, K. A., Amos, C. I., Liu, Y., Domalpally, A., Frankfort, B. J., Sohn, E. H., Abràmoff, M. D., et al. (2022) · BMJ Open Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2022-001061 · Cited by 12 · see citing works
Self-citationSampani, K., Abdulaal, M. R., Peiris, T. J., Lin, M. M., Pitoc, C. M., Ledesma, M., Lammer, J., Silva, P. S., Aiello, L. P., & Sun, J. K. (2020) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.9.8.45 · Cited by 11 · see citing works
Borrelli, E., Parravano, M., Costanzo, E., Sacconi, R., Querques, L., Pennisi, F., Geronimo, D. D., Bandello, F. M., & Querques, G. (2020) · Retina · doi:10.1097/iae.0000000000003077 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Pinto, M., Mathis, T., Massin, P., Akesbi, J., Lereuil, T., Voirin, N., Matonti, F., Fajnkuchen, F., Conrath, J., Milazzo, S., et al. (2021) · Pharmaceutics · doi:10.3390/pharmaceutics13020194 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Toscano, L., Messias, A. M. V., Messias, K., Lopes, R. D. C., Ribeiro, J. A. S., Scott, I. U., & Jorge, R. (2021) · Documenta Ophthalmologica · doi:10.1007/s10633-021-09848-6 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Variability of Normal Values of Electroretinogram Parameters Due to Aging in Healthy Individuals.
Corîci, A. C., Alexandru, D. O., Corîci, O. M., Puianu, M., Iancău, M., & Ştefănescu-Dima, A. (2015) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · doi:10.12865/chsj.41.01.04 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Baseline haemoglobin A1c influences retinal function after long-term insulin pump therapy
Klefter, O. N., Holfort, S. K., & Larsen, M. (2015) · Graefe s Archive for Clinical and Experimental Ophthalmology · doi:10.1007/s00417-015-3083-2 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
1 of the 89 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Sivaprasad, S., Wong, T. Y., Gardner, T. W., Sun, J. K., & Bressler, N. M. (2025) · Nature Reviews Disease Primers · doi:10.1038/s41572-025-00646-x · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Self-citationGlassman, A. R., Elmasry, M. A., Baskin, D. E., Brigell, M., Chong, V. N., Davis, C. Q., Lesmes, L., Levin, L. A., Maddess, T., Taylor, L. J., et al. (2024) · Ophthalmology Science · doi:10.1016/j.xops.2024.100519 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Self-citationTeng, C. W., Patel, S. D., Barkmeier, A. J., Liu, T. Y. A., Myung, D., Henderer, J., Liu, J., Hansen, E., & Al-Aswad, L. A. (2026) · Ophthalmology Science · doi:10.1016/j.xops.2025.100935 · Cited by 23 · see citing works
Diabetes Renders Photoreceptors Susceptible to Retinal Ischemia-Reperfusion Injury
Antonetti, D. A., Lin, C., Shanmugam, S., Hager, H. M., Cao, M., Liu, X., Dreffs, A. A., Habash, A., & Abcouwer, S. F. (2024) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.65.13.46 · Cited by 14 · see citing works
Sivaprasad, S., Cheung, C. M. G., Gliem, M., Wykoff, C. C., Zippel, N., Ishida, S., & Nguyen, Q. D. (2025) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-025-03835-w · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Detection and diagnosis of diabetic eye diseases using two phase transfer learning approach
Madduri, V. K., & Rao, B. S. (2024) · PeerJ Computer Science · doi:10.7717/peerj-cs.2135 · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Mitigation of AI adoption bias through an improved autonomous AI system for diabetic retinal disease
Abràmoff, M. D., Lavin, P. T., Jakubowski, J. R., Blodi, B. A., Keeys, M., Joyce, C., & Folk, J. C. (2024) · npj Digital Medicine · doi:10.1038/s41746-024-01389-x · Cited by 13 · see citing works
Tang, Z., Yang, D., Nguyen, T. X., Zhang, S., Fang, D., Chan, V. T. T., Tham, C. C. Y., Sohn, E. H., Tsang, K. K., Wong, C. Y., et al. (2025) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.66.2.32 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Ultrastructural imaging biomarkers in diabetic macular edema: A major review
Sen, S., Khalid, H., Udaya, P., Raman, R., Rajendram, R., Elhousseini, Z., Nicholson, L., Kannan, N. B., Ramasamy, K., & Kumaragurupari, T. (2024) · Indian Journal of Ophthalmology · doi:10.4103/ijo.ijo_878_24 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Precision Medicine for Diabetic Retinopathy: Integrating Genetics, Biomarkers, Lifestyle, and AI
Kaurich, C., Mahajan, N. S., & Bhatwadekar, A. D. (2025) · Genes · doi:10.3390/genes16091096 · Cited by 10 · see citing works
Predicting Progression to Vision-Threatening Complications in Diabetic Retinopathy
Davis, C. Q., Waheed, N. K., & Brigell, M. (2025) · Ophthalmology Science · doi:10.1016/j.xops.2025.100859 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Self-citationMüller cell glutamine metabolism links photoreceptor and endothelial injury in diabetic retinopathy
Scheri, K. C., Hsieh, Y.-W., Tedeschi, T. R., Hurley, J. B., & Fawzi, A. A. (2025) · Life Science Alliance · doi:10.26508/lsa.202503434 · Cited by 8 · see citing works
Domalpally, A., Fickweiler, W., Levine, S. R., Goetz, K., VanderBeek, B. L., Lee, A., Sundstrom, J. M., Markel, D. S., & Sun, J. K. (2024) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.13.10.4 · Cited by 5 · see citing works
Neuroprotection in Diabetes Retinal Disease: An Unmet Medical Need
Ramos, H., & Simó‐Servat, O. (2026) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms27020901 · Cited by 7 · see citing works
Photoreceptor thickness in UK Biobank participants with and without diabetes mellitus
Schneider, K. J., Staggers, K. A., Bahrainian, M., & Channa, R. (2025) · BMJ Open Ophthalmology · doi:10.1136/bmjophth-2025-002218 · Cited by 3 · see citing works
Self-citationFickweiler, W., Sampani, K., Markel, D. S., Levine, S. R., Sun, J. K., & Gardner, T. W. (2025) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.14.5.12 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationReport of the 2023 Mary Tyler Moore Vision Initiative Workshop
Levine, S. R., Markel, D. S., Myers, M. G., Barunas, R., Sun, J. K., Chang, D. S.-T., Maguire, M. G., Vujosevic, S., Fort, P. E., Atkinson, M. A., et al. (2025) · Translational Vision Science & Technology · doi:10.1167/tvst.14.7.11 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Self-citationPiccoli, G., Fenwick, E., Bucceri, V., Lamoureux, E. L., Tagliabue, E., Nucci, P., & Vujosevic, S. (2025) · Ophthalmology Science · doi:10.1016/j.xops.2025.101001 · Cited by 1 · see citing works
Kumawat, D., & Venkatesh, P. (2026) · Eye Open · doi:10.1038/s44440-025-00009-1
Ma, M., Feng, Y., Liu, J., Gao, F., Pazo, E. E., Zhang, X., & Li, X. (2026) · Journal of Endocrinological Investigation · doi:10.1007/s40618-026-02847-x
Rod Pathway Dysfunction in Early-Stage Diabetic Retinopathy Assessed by ERG and Pupillometry
Park, J. C., Cross, A., & McAnany, J. J. (2026) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.67.4.53
Diabetic retinal disease: A sensory neuropathy
Gardner, T. W., & Malik, R. A. (2026) · Handbook of clinical neurology · doi:10.1016/b978-0-443-22212-2.00001-x
Self-citationNeuroretinal Layer Thinning on OCT Imaging and Hemoglobin A 1 c in Youth With Type 1 Diabetes
Ramanujam, S., Channa, R., Liu, T. Y. A., Brown, E. A., Parimi, N., Kim, Y. C., Bromberger, L. A., Lehmann, H. P., Abràmoff, M. D., & Wolf, R. M. (2026) · JAMA Ophthalmology · doi:10.1001/jamaophthalmol.2026.1341
Self-citationІсакова, О. А., Луценко, Н. С., Михальчик, Т. С., & Rudycheva, O. A. (2026) · Український медичний часопис · doi:10.32471/umj.1680-3051.279561
Ishibashi, R., Hirayama, K., Sakai, T., Tatsumi, T., Takatsuna, Y., Baba, T., Koshizaka, M., & Yokote, K. (2026) · Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism · doi:10.1111/dom.71295
Menna, F., Meduri, A., Lupo, S., Luca, L. D., Baldascino, A., & Vingolo, E. M. (2026) · Medicina · doi:10.3390/medicina62112099
- Authors
- Channa, R., Wolf, R. M., Simo, R., Brigell, M., Fort, P., Curcio, C., Lynch, S., Verbraak, F., Abramoff, M. D., Abramoff, M. D., Channa, R., Wolf, R. M., Simo, R., Brigell, M., Fort, P., Curcio, C., Lynch, S., Verbraak, F., & Gardner, T. W.
- Venue
- Ophthalmology Science
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2024-05
- Volume
- 4
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 100420
- ISSN
- 2666-9145 (ISSN-L)
- PMC
- PMC10818256
- OpenAlex
- W4388036714
- Cited by
- 26
- References
- 89
- Citations by year
- 2026: 9 · 2025: 11 · 2024: 6
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- gold
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Ophthalmology Science (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed Central (publishedVersion, cc-by)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- DOAJ (DOAJ: Directory of Open Access Journals) (submittedVersion, cc-by-sa)
- Amsterdam UMC (VU Amsterdam) - Institutional Repository (submittedVersion, other-oa)
- Funders
- Research to Prevent Blindness
- Juvenile Diabetes Research Foundation United States of America
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Ophthalmology › Retinal Diseases and Treatments
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal Imaging and Analysis
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging › Retinal and Macular Surgery
- Keywords
- diabetic macular edema, biomarkers, microperimetry, spectral-domain optical coherence tomography, adaptive optics, optical coherence tomography angiography, level of evidence, expert consensus
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
