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Cited by 580

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 331 of the 331 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior

Open access
Bilbo, Staci D., Schwarz, Jaclyn M.·2012·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

Abstract

The brain, endocrine, and immune systems are inextricably linked. Immune molecules have a powerful impact on neuroendocrine function, including hormone-behavior interactions, during health as well as sickness. Similarly, alterations in hormones, such as during stress, can powerfully impact immune function or reactivity. These functional shifts are evolved, adaptive responses that organize changes in behavior and mobilize immune resources, but can also lead to pathology or exacerbate disease if prolonged or exaggerated. The developing brain in particular is exquisitely sensitive to both endogenous and exogenous signals, and increasing evidence suggests the immune system has a critical role in brain development and associated behavioral outcomes for the life of the individual. Indeed, there are associations between many neuropsychiatric disorders and immune dysfunction, with a distinct etiology in neurodevelopment. The goal of this review is to describe the important role of the immune system during brain development, and to discuss some of the many ways in which immune activation during early brain development can affect the later-life outcomes of neural function, immune function, mood and cognition.

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Crossref · 10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.006

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Metadata

Authors
Bilbo, S. D., & Schwarz, J. M.
Venue
Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2012-08
Volume
33
Issue
3
Pages
267-286
ISSN
0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
OpenAlex
W2134254908
Cited by
580
References
331
FWCI
9.21
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
green

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CoChat. (2026). Citation check: The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.006
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Bilbo, S. D., & Schwarz, J. M. (2012). The immune system and developmental programming of brain and behavior. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2012.08.006

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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.

Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).

Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.