Cited by 125Estrogen and related hormone effectsNeuroscience and Neuropharmacology ResearchNeuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms

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Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences

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Azcoitia, Iñigo, Barreto, George E., Garcia-Segura, Luis M.·2019·Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology

DOI 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787

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Abstract

Estradiol, either from peripheral or central origin, activates multiple molecular neuroprotective and neuroreparative responses that, being mediated by estrogen receptors or by estrogen receptor independent mechanisms, are initiated at the membrane, the cytoplasm or the cell nucleus of neural cells. Estrogen-dependent signaling regulates a variety of cellular events, such as intracellular Ca 2+ levels, mitochondrial respiratory capacity, ATP production, mitochondrial membrane potential, autophagy and apoptosis. In turn, these molecular and cellular actions of estradiol are integrated by neurons and non-neuronal cells to generate different tissue protective responses, decreasing blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation and excitotoxicity and promoting synaptic plasticity, axonal growth, neurogenesis, remyelination and neuroregeneration. Recent findings indicate that the neuroprotective and neuroreparative actions of estradiol are different in males and females and further research is necessary to fully elucidate the causes for this sex difference.

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Authors: Azcoitia, I., Barreto, G. E., & Garcia-Segura, L. M.
Affiliations: University of Limerick (IE)
ORCID: Barreto, George E.
Venue: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2019-10
Volume: 55
Pages: 100787
ISSN: 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.yfrne.2019.100787
OpenAlex: W2972443643
Cited by: 125
References: 273
Citations by year: 2026: 15 · 2025: 18 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 21 · 2022: 20 · 2021: 20 · 2020: 21
FWCI: 2.05
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: green
hdl.handle.net
Licence: cc-by
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Docta Complutense (Universidad Complutense de Madrid) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
DIGITAL.CSIC (Spanish National Research Council (CSIC)) (submittedVersion, cc-by)
Funders: Federación Española de Enfermedades Raras
Agencia Estatal de Investigación (BFU2017-82754-R)
Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable
Topics: Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neuroscience and Neuropharmacology Research
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Neurology › Neuroinflammation and Neurodegeneration Mechanisms
Keywords: estradiol, neuroprotection, estrogen receptor, sex differences, intracellular calcium, mitochondrial function, autophagy, apoptosis, blood-brain barrier permeability, oxidative stress, neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, synaptic plasticity, axon growth, neurogenesis, remyelination, nerve regeneration
MeSH terms: Neuroprotection, Animals, Autophagy, Estradiol, Female, Humans, Inflammation, Male, Neuronal Plasticity, Receptors, Estrogen, Sex Characteristics, Signal Transduction, Apoptosis, Neurogenesis

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Molecular mechanisms and cellular events involved in the neuroprotective actions of estradiol. Analysis of sex differences

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