The DOI matches its Crossref record; 41 of the 41 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Sex hormone fluctuation and increased female risk for depression and anxiety disorders: From clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms
Open accessAbstract
Women are at twice the risk for anxiety and depression disorders as men are, although the underlying biological factors and mechanisms are largely unknown. In this review, we address this sex disparity at both the etiological and mechanistic level. We dissect the role of fluctuating sex hormones as a critical biological factor contributing to the increased depression and anxiety risk in women. We provide parallel evidence in humans and rodents that brain structure and function vary with naturally-cycling ovarian hormones. This female-unique brain plasticity and associated vulnerability are primarily driven by estrogen level changes. For the first time, we provide a sex hormone-driven molecular mechanism, namely chromatin organizational changes, that regulates neuronal gene expression and brain plasticity but may also prime the (epi)genome for psychopathology. Finally, we map out future directions including experimental and clinical studies that will facilitate novel sex- and gender-informed approaches to treat depression and anxiety disorders.
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Are the Dorsal and Ventral Hippocampus Functionally Distinct Structures?
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“…disorders, of which major depressive disorder (MDD) is the most common, are characterized by depressed mood, diminished interests or an inability to feel pleasure, impaired cognitive function, and vegetative symptoms such as loss of energy and disturbed sleep or appetite (Otte et al., 2016).”
Epidemiology of anxiety disorders in the 21st century
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Why is depression more common among women than among men?
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Cited by
Wu, Y., Li, X., Ji, X., Ren, W., Zhu, Y., Chen, Z., & Du, X. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.12.086 · Cited by 57
Henderson, A., Gardani, M., Dyker, G., & Matthews, L. (2025) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/j.jad.2024.11.033 · Cited by 12
Jallouli, S., Ghroubi, S., Ben Dhia, I., Sakka, S., Damak, M., Jaafar, B., Yahia, A., Elleuch, M. H., Mhiri, C., & Hammouda, O. (2025) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2025.2484426 · Cited by 2
Metadata
- Authors
- Kundakovic, M., & Rocks, D.
- Venue
- Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2022-07
- Volume
- 66
- Pages
- 101010
- ISSN
- 0091-3022 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W4282923728
- Cited by
- 317
- References
- 41
- FWCI
- 33.25
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
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- Kundakovic, M., & Rocks, D. (2022). Sex hormone fluctuation and increased female risk for depression and anxiety disorders: From clinical evidence to molecular mechanisms. Frontiers in Neuroendocrinology. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yfrne.2022.101010
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Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
