Static postural balance and manual dexterity are sex-dependent among a sample of relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis patients
Abstract
Background Sex differences in physical, psycho-cognitive and sleep disorders, neuropathic pain and perceived fatigue related to multiple sclerosis (MS) have been studied, but contradictory findings were found. MS studies regarding difference between men and women in postural balance are very scarce and based on subjective assessments. We aimed to investigate the sex difference effects on postural balance and other physical measures among a sample of MS patients. Methods Data from 8 men and 12 women with MS were compared. The assessed parameters were: static and dynamic postural balance (force platform), manual dexterity (Nine Hole Peg Test (NHPT)), leg muscle strength (Five-Repetition Sit-To-Stand Test), functional mobility (Timed up and Go Test), walking speed (Timed 25-Foot Walk Test), fall risk (Four Square Step Test), cognitive functions (Montreal cognitive assessment (MOCA) and React software), neuropathic pain (Neuropathic Pain Questionnaire 4 (DN4)), perceived fatigue (Hooper index), mood (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale), and sleep quality (Spiegel's questionnaire). Results The center of pressure mean velocity was higher in women than in men in the static condition with eyes closed ( p = 0.041, Hedges'g (g) = 0.71). Women showed lower MoCA scores ( p = 0.028, g = 1.06) as well as higher NHPT duration ( p = 0.002, g = 1.64) (in the dominant hand) and DN4 scores ( p = 0.003, g = 1.59) than men. No significant sex differences were found for the remaining parameters…
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Sensitivity analysis removing lower clinical extremes for low disability, duration, and progression did not affect the conclusions, yielding 20.5% (95% CI 15.4-25.6), indicating no clear impact.
“After removing lower clinical extremes (Aliş et al. 2025; Ismail et al. 2025; Jallouli, Ghroubi, Ben Dhia, et al. 2025), the overall sensitivity analysis for low disability, duration, and progression similarly did not affect the conclusions (20.5% [95% CI: 15.4; 25.6]), indicating no clear impact.”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the <scp>NeuPSIG</scp> Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Jallouli, Ghroubi, Ben Dhia, et al. 2025
Sensitivity analysis removing individual outliers did not affect the overall conclusions for overall or possible neuropathic pain, yielding 18.8% (95% CI 15.0-22.7) and 17.6% (95% CI 13.2-22.0), indicating robustness of the results.
“The sensitivity analysis did not affect the overall conclusions of estimated prevalences after removing individual outliers (Feketová et al. 2017; Jallouli, Ghroubi, Ben Dhia, et al. 2025; Moisset et al. 2013), for either overall (18.8% [95% CI: 15.0; 22.7]) or possible (17.6% [95% CI: 13.2; 22.0]) neuropathic pain, indicating robustness of the results.”
From The Prevalence of Neuropathic Pain in Multiple Sclerosis—A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis Using the <scp>NeuPSIG</scp> Algorithm (2026) · cites this paper as Jallouli, Ghroubi, Ben Dhia, et al. 2025
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Zúnica‐García, S., Chicharro‐Luna, E., Gracia‐Sánchez, A., Jiménez‐Trujillo, I., Campos, J. G., & Sempere, Á. P. (2025) · Healthcare · doi:10.3390/healthcare13111231
- Authors
- Jallouli, S., Ghroubi, S., Ben Dhia, I., Sakka, S., Damak, M., Jaafar, B., Yahia, A., Elleuch, M. H., Mhiri, C., & Hammouda, O.
- Affiliations
- University of Sfax (TN)
- University of Sfax
- Corresponding author
- Jallouli, Sonda
- ORCID
- Venue
- Neurological Research
- Publisher
- Informa UK Limited
- Published
- 2025-04
- Volume
- 47
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 466-479
- ISSN
- 0161-6412 (ISSN-L)
- 1743-1328
- OpenAlex
- W4409119237
- Cited by
- 2
- References
- 84
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 1
- FWCI
- 1.33
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Neurological Research (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Pathology and Forensic Medicine › Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Health Sciences › Health Professions › Physical Therapy, Sports Therapy and Rehabilitation › Balance, Gait, and Falls Prevention
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Rehabilitation › Stroke Rehabilitation and Recovery
- Keywords
- relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, sex differences, static balance, manual dexterity, neuropathic pain, subjective fatigue, cognitive decline, mood, sleep quality, fall risk, functional mobility, walking speed, muscle strength
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Postural Balance, Female, Humans, Male, Middle Aged, Motor Skills, Sex Characteristics, Multiple Sclerosis, Relapsing-Remitting, Muscle Strength
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
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