Cited by 758Clinical practice guidelines implementationDelphi Technique in ResearchMeta-analysis and systematic reviews

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AGREE II: Advancing guideline development, reporting, and evaluation in health care

Brouwers, Melissa C., Kho, Michelle E., Browman, George P., Burgers, Jako S., Cluzeau, Francoise, Feder, Gene, Fervers, Béatrice, Graham, Ian D., Grimshaw, Jeremy, Hanna, Steven E., Littlejohns, Peter, Makarski, Julie, Zitzelsberger, Louise·2010·Preventive Medicine

DOI 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.08.005

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The Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) Statement: Guidelines for Reporting Observational Studies
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Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) statement: guidelines for reporting observational studies.
Elm, E. V., Altman, D. G., Egger, M., Pocock, S. J., Gøtzsche, P. C., & Vandenbroucke, J. P. (2007) · BMJ · doi:10.1136/bmj.39335.541782.ad · Cited by 10,766
Health Measurement Scales: A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use
Streiner, D. L., Norman, G. R., & Cairney, J. (1989) · Cited by 9,595
The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomised trials
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The CONSORT statement: revised recommendations for improving the quality of reports of parallel-group randomized trials
Moher, D. (2001) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.285.15.1987 · Cited by 2,545
Health Measurement Scales--A Practical Guide to Their Development and Use
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Development and validation of an international appraisal instrument for assessing the quality of clinical practice guidelines: the AGREE project
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Are Guidelines Following Guidelines?
Shaneyfelt, T. M., Mayo‐Smith, M. F., & Rothwangl, J. (1999) · JAMA · doi:10.1001/jama.281.20.1900 · Cited by 853
Development of the AGREE II, part 1: performance, usefulness and areas for improvement
Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G. S., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Hanna, S., & Makarski, J. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.091714 · Cited by 520
Self-citation
Development of the AGREE II, part 2: assessment of validity of items and tools to support application
Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G. S., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Hanna, S., & Makarski, J. (2010) · Canadian Medical Association Journal · doi:10.1503/cmaj.091716 · Cited by 495
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Quality indicators for the rehabilitation before and after total knee arthroplasty in Japan: a modified Delphi method and practice test
Hiyama, Y., Taniguchi, M., Ohtera, S., Wada, O., Tanaka, S., & Kako, M. (2025) · Arthroplasty · doi:10.1186/s42836-024-00297-5 · Cited by 3
“Two independent reviewers assessed the quality of the practice guidelines using the AGREE II instrument [24], the quality of QIs using the AGREE II-QI instrument [25], and the quality of systematic reviews using the AMSTAR tool [26] and reached consensus through discussion.”
Clinical practice guideline on prevention of rhabdomyolysis induced acute kidney injury: Endorsement by the Scandinavian Society of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine
Chew, M. S., Rehn, M., Olkkola, K. T., Sverrisson, K., Yli‐Hankala, A., & Møller, M. H. (2019) · Acta Anaesthesiologica Scandinavica · doi:10.1111/aas.13458 · Cited by 3
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“Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II tool is a widely accepted instrument for guideline development appraisal [11], evaluating the quality and reporting of practice guidelines using 23 items across six domains.”
Method
Racial and Ethnic Variations in Skin Barrier Properties and Cultural Practices in Skin of Color Newborns, Infants, and Children
Schachner, L. A., Andriessen, A., Benjamin, L., González, M. E., Kwong, P. C., Woolery-Lloyd, H. C., & Heath, C. R. (2023) · Journal of Drugs in Dermatology · doi:10.36849/jdd.7305 · Cited by 3
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“Overall quality of each CPG can then be assessed and suggestions can be given regarding their refer-ability or future development [4, 7].”
BackgroundMethodInfluential
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“The standardized domain score is calculated by summing the scores of all items within the domain and expressing the total as a percentage of the maximum possible score for that domain [11].”
Influential
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“20,21 The objective of this stage is to determine the quality of the guideline and its relevance to the Canadian context and appropriateness for use in that context and to identify any gaps requiring further research evidence.”
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“AGREE II is a validated tool, which has been widely used to assess the methodological quality of guidelines.(44) It consists of 23 items, which are further categorized into six domains: scope and purpose, stakeholder involvement, the rigor of development, clarity of presentation, applicability, and editorial independe…”
Method
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Fleetham, J. A. (2012) · Canadian Respiratory Journal · doi:10.1155/2012/954646 · Cited by 2
Quality Guidelines for Corona Virus Disease 2019 with AGREE II Instrument.Preprint
Song, Y., Liu, Q., Ren, J., Yang, W., Qiu, K., Qiu, J., Pang, W., Dong, Y., Kang, D., Zhao, Y., et al. (2020) · doi:10.22541/au.158817475.57911772 · Cited by 2
Principles for guidelines and guidelines for principles of universal airway management
Ahmad, I., & Smith, A. F. (2020) · Anaesthesia · doi:10.1111/anae.15298 · Cited by 2
Reply to Sayeed et al
Travis, R. L., Andersson, G. B. J., Belcourt, R. M., Carragee, E. J., Eskay-Auerbach, M., Goertz, M., Haldeman, S., Hegmann, K. T., Lessenger, J. E., Mayer, T. G., et al. (2021) · Journal of Occupational and Environmental Medicine · doi:10.1097/jom.0000000000002453 · Cited by 2
Commentary on the 2021 update of the KDIGO clinical practice guideline for management of blood pressure in chronic kidney disease
See, E. J., Cullen, V., & the Caring for Australians and New Zealanders with Kidney Impairment (CARI) Guideline Group (2024) · Nephrology · doi:10.1111/nep.14414 · Cited by 2
The 2024 European Society of Cardiology Atrial Fibrillation Guidelines: A Moving Goalpost
Dan, G., & Martínez‐Rubio, A. (2025) · European Cardiology Review · doi:10.15420/ecr.2024.55 · Cited by 2
Revisión bibliográfica sobre diagnóstico y atención al Trastorno Reactivo del Apego
Ruiz, M., García, E. E., Carmona, M., & Sánchez, L. M. (2022) · GuíaSalud eBooks · doi:10.46995/ot_4 · Cited by 1
Brazilian Clinical Practice Guidelines for Sexually Transmitted Infections That Cause Urethral Discharge: Assessment According to the AGREE II and Critical Analysis Based on the WHO Recommendations
Gaspar, P. C., Barreto, J. O. M., Bigolin, Á., Miranda, A. E., Aires, L. F., Bazzo, M. L., Bermúdez, X. P. D., & Benzaken, A. S. (2023) · Sexually Transmitted Diseases · doi:10.1097/olq.0000000000001873 · Cited by 1
Quality Evaluation of Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease Guidelines and Expert Consensus
Chen, M., Chen, Y., Liu, D., Li, K., Hu, R., Chen, J., Jiang, X., & Lin, J.-Q. (2024) · Hormone and Metabolic Research · doi:10.1055/a-2224-1196 · Cited by 1
Development and implementation of evidence-based, nurse-leading early warning model and healthcare quality improvement project for transplant-associated thrombotic microangiopathy: a mixed-methods, before-and-after study
Zhou, X., Ye, Y., Jin, A., Pan, Z., Xu, Z., Ding, S., Yan, J., Cheng, Y., Huang, Y., Cao, K., et al. (2024) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-024-02093-7 · Cited by 1
“The quality of guideline was evaluated by Brit-ish Appraisal of Guidelines Research and Evaluation ii (AGREE ii) criteria [15].”
Method
Practice Patterns Vary Widely in the Care of Pediatric and Adolescent Pelvic and Acetabular Fractures: A CORTICES Survey
Roper, B. P., Purtell, S. R., De, S., McLaughlin, D. C., Truong, W. H., Miller, M. L., Swarup, I., Ramalingam, W. G., & Sanders, J. S. (2024) · Journal of Pediatric Orthopaedics · doi:10.1097/bpo.0000000000002847 · Cited by 1
Summary of the best evidence for vocal rehabilitation training in adults with unilateral vocal fold paralysis
Tang, C., Zhang, X., He, H., Jing, L., Tuo, W., & Shi, Y. (2024) · Annals of Medicine and Surgery · doi:10.1097/ms9.0000000000002722 · Cited by 1
Clinical practice guidelines for rehabilitation in colorectal cancers: a critical appraisal
Song, K., Amatya, B., Zhe, Y. M., Malik, S., & Khan, F. (2025) · Journal of the International Society of Physical and Rehabilitation Medicine · doi:10.1097/ph9.0000000000000066 · Cited by 1
Comparative Evidence Between Transdermal and Oral Estrogen as Part of Feminizing Hormone Therapy
Najeeb, S., Kelly, S., Nahar, N., Brouwers, M. C., Skidmore, B., Abdelrazeq, S. Y., & Wells, G. A. (2025) · Canadian Journal of Health Technologies · doi:10.51731/cjht.2025.1120 · Cited by 1
Self-citation
A critical appraisal of clinical guidelines on radiotherapy treatments for spinal metastasis
Chen, D., Yu, W., Yin, M., Zhang, L., Gao, X., Lin, L., Huang, Q., & Xiao, J. (2025) · Neurosurgical Review · doi:10.1007/s10143-025-03617-8 · Cited by 1
An evidence map of clinical practice guideline recommendations and quality of non-pharmaceutical interventions for post-stroke emotional disorders
Li, Y., Zhang, J., Li, J.-J., Zhao, D., Tang, L., & Jin, Y. (2025) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2025.1580799 · Cited by 1
Evidence Mapping of Clinical Practice Guidelines Recommendations and Quality for Nutritional Management in Dementia
Su, Y., Zhou, S., Liu, W., Qu, C., Zhang, W., Zhang, M., Peng, Y.-M., & Luo, W. (2025) · Journal of Clinical Nursing · doi:10.1111/jocn.17844 · Cited by 1
Clinical Practice Guidelines for Managing Acute Otitis Media: Literature Review and Systematic Mapping of the Evidence Base
Lambert‐Hoffert, A., Tarazona, V., Romdhane, T. B., Nijman, R., Boussageon, R., Cohen, J. F., & François, M. (2025) · Journal of Evaluation in Clinical Practice · doi:10.1111/jep.70205 · Cited by 1
Occupational Therapy Practice Guidelines for Nonoperative Management of Osteoarthritis and Rheumatoid Arthritis
Stern, B. Z., Siegel, P., & Hunter, E. G. (2025) · American Journal of Occupational Therapy · doi:10.5014/ajot.2025.790510 · Cited by 2
“We evaluated the quality of each of the seven CPGs that are the basis of these Practice Guidelines using the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II (Brouwers et al., 2010; https://www. agreetrust.org).”
Evaluating Reporting Completeness in Oral Health Clinical Guidelines: A Meta-Research Study
Lancry, P.-J., Lyra, P., Mendes, J. J., Nascimento, G. G., Machado, V., & Botelho, J. (2025) · JDR Clinical & Translational Research · doi:10.1177/23800844251357235 · Cited by 1
Construction of the central symptom cluster management program for patients with lung cancer undergoing chemotherapy: a Delphi study
Zhang, L., Luo, Y., Mao, D., Zhu, B., Yang, Z., Cui, C., Miao, J., & Zhang, L. (2025) · BMC Nursing · doi:10.1186/s12912-025-03926-9 · Cited by 1
Assessment of diagnosis and treatment guidelines for allergic rhinitis
Duan, X., Sun, D., Cao, S., Yang, T., Lin, Y., Wang, Y.-S., Shi, Y., He, H., An, L., Huang, X., et al. (2025) · European Archives of Oto-Rhino-Laryngology · doi:10.1007/s00405-025-09769-z · Cited by 1
Best evidence summary for the management of epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor-induced skin toxicity symptoms in cancer patients
Li, K., Qiu, X., Zhang, J., Zhou, Y., Fan, Y., & Sun, Q. (2025) · Frontiers in Medicine · doi:10.3389/fmed.2025.1665823 · Cited by 1
Toward a nurse-oriented management framework for premature ovarian insufficiency: Integration of guidelines and consensus recommendations
Jiang, L., Xia, Q., & Yang, M. (2025) · International Journal of Nursing Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.ijnss.2025.10.001 · Cited by 1
“Two authors evaluated the methodological rigor of the selected CPGs via the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation II (AGREE II) tool [17].”
Acupuncture for pain management in Australia: Current status and future directions
Wang, Y., & Zheng, Z. (2025) · Journal of Traditional Chinese Medical Sciences · doi:10.1016/j.jtcms.2025.09.009 · Cited by 1
MENA-adapted guidelines for acute ischemic stroke management: a regional approach to global evidence
Mansour, O. Y., Ezzeldin, M., Nour, M., Hassan, A., Zaidi, S. F., Jumaa, M. A., Aladham, F., Alnaami, I., Al-Jehani, H. M., Alshamy, A., et al. (2026) · Neurological Research · doi:10.1080/01616412.2026.2637833 · Cited by 1
Summary of the best evidence for physical therapy in patients with post-stroke shoulder hand syndrome
Tian, G., Li, J., Yao, F., & Wang, X. (2026) · Frontiers in Neurology · doi:10.3389/fneur.2026.1779579 · Cited by 1
Auditory Processing Disorder in childhood: a critical appraisal of diagnostic validity, functional assessment, and interdisciplinary practice
dos Santos, J. C. C., Arruda, M. A., & Masruha, M. R. (2026) · Frontiers in Human Neuroscience · doi:10.3389/fnhum.2026.1715787 · Cited by 1
“The AGREE II instrument (Brouwers et al., 2010) and the Institute of Medicine (IOM) Standards for Developing Trustworthy Clinical Practice Guidelines (2011) identify six key dimensions of quality: (1) scope and purpose, (2) stakeholder involvement, (3) rigor of development, (4) clarity of…”
Influential
Acupuncture for insomnia management: An international evidence-based guideline that integrates multidisciplinary consensus and regional adaptability
Wang, J., Wang, X., Xu, X., Sang, Z., Llopis, C., Venture, C. S., Zaslawski, C., Skopalik, C., Zhang, C., Li, H., et al. (2026) · Sleep Medicine Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.smrv.2026.102292 · Cited by 1
Summary of the best evidence for non-surgical intervention in periodontitis among patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus
Sha, H., Xu, H., Zu, H., Fan, S., Shen, X., Wang, J., Yin, W., Bu, H., & Liu, Q. (2026) · Frontiers in Public Health · doi:10.3389/fpubh.2026.1792923 · Cited by 1
OphthoEvidence: a model for rapid and trustworthy ophthalmology guidelines
Lima, J. P., Zeraatkar, D., Masri, M. A., Sivaprasad, S., STEEL, D. H., Wong, T. Y., Wykoff, C. C., & Chaudhary, V. (2026) · Eye · doi:10.1038/s41433-026-04473-6 · Cited by 1
Best practices for respiratory function training in perioperative patients with lung cancer: A scoping review and evidence synthesis
Li, H., Shi, Y., Wei, G., Wang, J., Cheng, J., Ge, L., & Liu, X. (2026) · Asia-Pacific Journal of Oncology Nursing · doi:10.1016/j.apjon.2026.100970 · Cited by 1
“16 For systematic reviews and meta-analyses, the JBI Critical Appraisal Checklist for Systematic Reviews was used.”
Methodology of revision of Korean national cancer screening guideline
Kim, S. Y., Kim, Y., Park, H. A., Lee, H., Sheen, S. S., Kim, H. J., Kim, N.-S., Lee, Y. J., Seo, H., Lee, W.-C., et al. (2015) · Journal of Korean Medical Association · doi:10.5124/jkma.2014.58.4.284 · Cited by 1
Flu and pneumococcal immunisations in HIV-infected children: methodological quality of current recommendations
Giannattasio, A., Vecchio, A. L., Albano, F., Giacomet, V., Barbarino, A., & Guarino, A. (2011) · BMJ Quality & Safety · doi:10.1136/bmjqs.2010.047316 · Cited by 1
“However, it did not include any substantial differences in number and significance of domains and items and overall assessment.(40) In conclusion, when drawing up guidelines for vaccination in HIV-infected patients, much more attention should focus on the domains of ‘Stakeholder Involvement,’ ‘Applicability,’ ‘Editori…”
Background

Authors: Brouwers, M. C., Kho, M. E., Browman, G. P., Burgers, J. S., Cluzeau, F., Feder, G., Fervers, B., Graham, I. D., Grimshaw, J., Hanna, S. E., Littlejohns, P., Makarski, J., & Zitzelsberger, L.
Affiliations: Cancer Care Ontario (CA)
McMaster University (CA)
BC Cancer Agency (CA)
Radboud University Medical Center (NL)
University of Bristol (GB)
Lyon 1 Université (FR)
Canadian Institutes of Health Research (CA)
Ottawa Hospital Research Institute (CA)
National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (GB)
Canadian Partnership Against Cancer (CA)
Corresponding author: Brouwers, Melissa C.
ORCID: Brouwers, Melissa C.
Kho, Michelle E.
Burgers, Jako S.
Feder, Gene
Fervers, Béatrice
Graham, Ian D.
Grimshaw, Jeremy
Hanna, Steven E.
Makarski, Julie
Venue: Preventive Medicine
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 2010-11
Volume: 51
Issue: 5
Pages: 421-424
ISSN: 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2010.08.005
OpenAlex: W2082209838
Cited by: 758
References: 14
Citations by year: 2026: 28 · 2025: 48 · 2024: 90 · 2023: 91 · 2022: 93 · 2021: 96 · 2020: 97 · 2019: 42 · 2018: 39 · 2017: 26 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 18 · 2014: 11 · 2013: 18 · 2012: 14
FWCI: 15.27
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: closed
Licence: www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
Locations: Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Research Portal (King's College London) (submittedVersion)
Radboud Repository (Radboud University) (submittedVersion)
Funders: Canadian Institutes of Health Research
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Clinical practice guidelines implementation
Social Sciences › Sociology and Political Science › Delphi Technique in Research
Social Sciences › Decision Sciences › Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty › Meta-analysis and systematic reviews
Keywords: AGREE II, guideline development, guideline evaluation, user manual, response scales
MeSH terms: Delivery of Health Care, Manuals as Topic, Program Development, Practice Guidelines as Topic

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AGREE II: Advancing guideline development, reporting, and evaluation in health care

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