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Sedentary behavior: Understanding and influencing adults' prolonged sitting time
Abstract
Too much sitting is now understood to be a health risk that is additional to, and distinct from, too little exercise. There is a rapidly-accumulating evidence on relationships of prolonged sedentary time and patterns of sedentary time with cardio-metabolic risk biomarkers and health outcomes. There is, however, the need to gather dose-response evidence and develop a broader understanding of the set of mechanisms linking sedentary behavior to health outcomes. In addition to the further understanding of the associated health risks, there is a new health-behavior, and epidemiological and experimental research agenda to be pursued, which include measurement studies; understanding the relevant determinants-particularly environmental determinants of sedentary behavior; and, developing effective interventions. A broad-based body of evidence is needed to inform the research-translation agenda-identifying and developing the future public health initiatives, environmental and policy changes and clinical guidelines that may be required.
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“Studies have indicated that a sedentary lifestyle (ie, too much sitting) is a predictor of poor health outcomes [14-18].”
From A Community-Based Physical Activity Counselling Program for People With Knee Osteoarthritis: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of the Track-OA Study (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
In the citing paper
“The detrimental health effect of sitting too much is independent of the person’s activity level.”
From A Community-Based Physical Activity Counselling Program for People With Knee Osteoarthritis: Feasibility and Preliminary Efficacy of the Track-OA Study (2017) · cites this paper as [18]
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“Since that time, a foundation in public health research on sedentary behavior and health has rapidly developed (94).”
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Self-citationDempsey, P. C., Owen, N. G., Yates, T. E., Kingwell, B. A., & Dunstan, D. W. (2016) · Current Diabetes Reports · doi:10.1007/s11892-016-0797-4 · Cited by 165
Self-citationSedentary Behavior Is an Independent Predictor of Mortality in Subjects With COPD
Furlanetto, K. C., Donária, L., Schneider, L. P., Lopes, J. R., Ribeiro, M. S. M., Fernandes, K. B. P., Hernandes, N. A., & Pitta, F. D. O. (2017) · Respiratory Care · doi:10.4187/respcare.05306 · Cited by 157
Don't take cancer sitting down
Lynch, B. M., Dunstan, D. W., Vallance, J. K., & Owen, N. G. (2013) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28028 · Cited by 128
“Context-specific studies using the appropriate selfreport methods would help us understand how environmental attributes influence sedentary behaviors.(63) The feasibility and efficacy of interventions to reduce sedentary time then need to be tested rigorously, ideally as randomized controlled trials (phase 5).”
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Leask, C. F., Harvey, J., Skelton, D. A., & CHASTIN, S. F. M. (2015) · European Review of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s11556-015-0146-7 · Cited by 130
“The fourth domain in Owen’s [12] ecological model is occupation; however paid work is not relevant to the majority of the older population.”
BackgroundMethodResultObjectively Measured Sedentary Time and Cardiometabolic Biomarkers in US Hispanic/Latino Adults
Qi, Q., Strizich, G., Merchant, G., Sotres‐Alvarez, D., Buelna, C., Castañeda, S. F., Gallo, L. C., Cai, J., Gellman, M. D., Isasi, C. R., et al. (2015) · Circulation · doi:10.1161/circulationaha.115.016938 · Cited by 115
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“Similar to findings among non-cancer survivors (5),”
Cocker, K. A. D., Veldeman, C., Bacquer, D. D., Braeckman, L., Owen, N. G., Cardon, G., & Bourdeaudhuij, I. D. (2015) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-015-0177-5 · Cited by 122
“Present results also plead for the development of clear evidence-based health-related guidelines of (domain-specific) sedentary behaviour, next to those for physical activity [44,45], as these are not available in the literature at this moment.”
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“Sedentary behavior has also been shown to adversely affect health outcomes [46, 47, 48].”
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Mullane, S. L., Toledo, M. J. L., Rydell, S. A., Feltes, L. H., Vuong, B., Crespo, N. C., Pereira, M. A., & Buman, M. P. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0576-x · Cited by 82
“Moreover, associations between neighborhood walkability and reduced sedentary behavior have been reported [38], this suggests that the built environment surrounding the worksite (which may not be conducive to walking) may also influence lunch break behaviors [39].”
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Li, L. C., Sayre, E. C., Xie, H., Clayton, C., & Feehan, L. M. (2017) · JMIR mHealth and uHealth · doi:10.2196/mhealth.7863 · Cited by 74
“5 METs, occurring in bouts of more than 20 minutes during waking hours [18,21,42,43].”
BackgroundThe failure of cancer chemoprevention
Potter, J. D. (2014) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgu063 · Cited by 73
LI, L. C., Feehan, L. M., Xie, H. W., Lu, N., Shaw, C., Gromala, D., Aviña-Zubieta, J. A., Koehn, C. L., Hoens, A. M., English, K., et al. (2020) · Arthritis Care & Research · doi:10.1002/acr.24199 · Cited by 74
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Assessing Physical Activity as a Core Component in Cardiac Rehabilitation
Kaminsky, L. A., Brubaker, P. H., Guazzi, M., Lavie, C. J., Montoye, A. H. K., Sanderson, B., & Savage, P. D. (2016) · Journal of Cardiopulmonary Rehabilitation and Prevention · doi:10.1097/hcr.0000000000000191 · Cited by 76
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“Average daily time in sedentary behavior performed in ≤ 1.5 MET in bouts of ≥ 20 min during waking hours [30-33].”
InfluentialGarcía‐Esquinas, E., Andrade-Gómez, E., Martínez‐Gómez, D., Caballero, F. F., López‐García, E., & Rodríguez‐Artalejo, F. (2017) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-017-0511-1 · Cited by 69
“5 METs) while sitting or reclined [8].”
Total and domain‐specific sitting time among employees in desk‐based work settings in Australia
Bennie, J. A., Pedišić, Ž., Timperio, A. F., Crawford, D. A., Dunstan, D. W., Bauman, A. E., van Uffelen, J. G. Z., & Salmon, J. (2014) · Australian and New Zealand Journal of Public Health · doi:10.1111/1753-6405.12293 · Cited by 81
“19 At present, few studies have examined how an adult’s sitting time is distributed across these domains.”
Xu, L. J., Zhong, S., Yue, T., Zhang, Z., Lu, X. F., Lin, Y., Li, L., Tian, Y., Jin, T., Zhang, Q., et al. (2024) · EcoMat · doi:10.1002/eom2.12448 · Cited by 67
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“This information can then be utilised to direct the development of public health interventions [22].”
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“In the general population, sedentary behavior is associated with poor health outcomes, such as metabolic syndrome, glucose abnormalities, and premature cardiovascular mortality (Owen, 2012).”
BackgroundPrompts to Disrupt Sitting Time and Increase Physical Activity at Work, 2011–2012
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Breaking-up sedentary time is associated with impairment in activities of daily living
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“Further, patterns of sedentary time may also influence selected health outcomes (Owen 2012), apart from the total time spent sedentary, breaking-up sedentary time appears”
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“Sedentary behavior is another risk factor that is additional to, and distinct from, the hazards of too little MVPA [9].”
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“However, there is some evidence that breaking up sedentary time may help counteract some of these negative metabolic effects (Owen 2012).”
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“An occupational environment often limits workers’ physical activity and requires prolonged sitting (Owen, 2012).”
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“In general, increased time spent in SB brings about a reduction in light-intensity non-excise activity, which is associated with a substantial decrease of energy expenditure [31] and a disruption of metabolic activities that result in deterioration in physical health and well-being [32].”
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“IntrODuCtIOn background/rationale Sedentary lifestyles are an undesirable hallmark of modern society, affecting a significant proportion of the population.(1) Prolonged sitting (a form of sedentary behaviour) has progressively become the norm with computerisation in the work place, transportation modernisation and adv…”
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The descriptive epidemiology of daily sitting time as a sedentary behavior in multiple sclerosis
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van der Berg, J. D., Bosma, H., Caserotti, P., Eiríksdóttir, G., Arnardóttir, N. Ý., Martin, K. R., Brychta, R. J., Chen, K. Y., Sveinsson, Þ., Jóhannsson, E., et al. (2014) · Medicine & Science in Sports & Exercise · doi:10.1249/mss.0000000000000246 · Cited by 47
“More studies examining the determinants of sedentary behavior are warranted to better advise the development of public health guidelines and prevention programs, as emerging evidence shows the adverse health consequences of sedentary behavior (26).”
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Association between neighbourhood green space and sedentary leisure time in a Danish population
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“This knowledge is crucial for tailoring and targeting future environmental community-based interventions [1,8].”
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“5 metabolic equivalents) in a sitting or reclining position [4, 5] – have emerged as an additional element with concerns about physical activity and health.”
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Delfino, L. D., Tebar, W. R., Tebar, F. C. S. G., Souza, J. M. D., Romanzini, M., Fernandes, R. A., & Christófaro, D. G. D. (2020) · Industrial Health · doi:10.2486/indhealth.2019-0170 · Cited by 50
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“Accordingly, theories of health behavior, such as the socio-ecological model [8,9] and dual-process theory [10] consider the reciprocal relationships between the individual and their physical and social environment(s) as important determinants of”
BackgroundLynch, B. M., Courneya, K. S., Sethi, P., Patrao, T. A., & Hawkes, A. L. (2014) · Cancer · doi:10.1002/cncr.28773 · Cited by 39
“Sedentary behavior (commonly conceptualized as “sitting time”) is a health risk that is additional to, and distinct from, the hazards of too little moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity.(6) Sedentary behavior is associated with adiposity, insulin resistance, and markers of inflammation, and therefore could…”
BackgroundIoT Device for Sitting Posture Classification Using Artificial Neural Networks
Luna-Perejón, F., Montes-Sánchez, J. M., Durán-López, L., Vazquez-Baeza, A., Beasley-Bohórquez, I., & Sevillano, J. L. (2021) · Electronics · doi:10.3390/electronics10151825 · Cited by 38
“All these behavioral changes have increased the time that the population spends sitting [2].”
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“Public health research and surveillance is increasingly interested in the health consequences associated with sedentary time (Owen 2012).”
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Physical Activity, Television Viewing Time, and 12-Year Changes in Waist Circumference
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“Television (TV) viewing time, a common sedentary behavior that occupies a large proportion of leisure time, is now understood to be a health risk in its own right (28,34).”
BackgroundSelf-citationChallenges and motivators to physical activity faced by retired men when ageing: a qualitative study
Bredland, E. L., Söderström, S., & Vik, K. (2018) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-018-5517-3 · Cited by 36
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“[76] It is a health-related risk factor that is additional to, and distinct from, the hazards of insufficient MVPA: high levels of MVPA and sedentary behavior can coexist.[77] A growing body of evidence has associated sedentary behavior with all-cause and cardiovascular mortality, type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular di…”
BackgroundRomanzini, C. L. P., Romanzini, M., Batista, M. B., Barbosa, C. C. L., Shigaki, G. B., Dunton, G. F., Mason, T. B., & Ronque, Ê. R. V. (2018) · Journal of Medical Internet Research · doi:10.2196/11967 · Cited by 31
“5 metabolic equivalents) in a sitting or reclining position [1-3].”
Gillen, J. B., Estafanos, S., Williamson, E., Hodson, N. W., Malowany, J. M., Kumbhare, D. A., & Moore, D. R. (2020) · Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1152/japplphysiol.00796.2020 · Cited by 30
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“As such, self-reported sitting time is still an important variable (Owen 2012).”
BackgroundVallance, J. K., Buman, M. P., Lynch, B. M., & Boyle, T. (2017) · Annals of Hematology · doi:10.1007/s00277-017-2942-9 · Cited by 27
Stephens, S., Eakin, E., Clark, B., WINKLER, E. A. H., Owen, N. G., LaMontagne, A. D., Moodie, M., Lawler, S., Dunstan, D. W., & Healy, G. N. (2018) · International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity · doi:10.1186/s12966-018-0731-z · Cited by 27
“implementing behaviour change strategies across different levels of intervention such as individual and environmental change) to account for the multiple factors influencing sedentary behaviour [9], have typically been shown to be the most successful for reducing workplace sitting time in desk-based workers [5].”
BackgroundSelf-citationTelevision Time among Brazilian Adolescents: Correlated Factors are Different between Boys and Girls
Silva, D. A. S., Tremblay, M. S., Gonçalves, E. C. D. A., & Silva, R. J. D. S. (2014) · The Scientific World JOURNAL · doi:10.1155/2014/794539 · Cited by 25
“, light, moderate, and vigorous intensity) [1, 2].”
Brain activity during a working memory task in different postures: an EEG study
Jung, J., Cho, H.-Y., & Kang, C. (2020) · Ergonomics · doi:10.1080/00140139.2020.1784467 · Cited by 25
Obesity and Sedentarism: Reviewing the Current Situation Within the WHO European Region
Middelbeek, L., & Breda, J. (2013) · Current Obesity Reports · doi:10.1007/s13679-013-0054-y · Cited by 25
“5 MET or less [6, 11, 12].”
Zhou, Z., He, Z., Yuan, M., Yin, Z., Dang, X., Zhu, J., & Zhu, W. (2015) · European Journal of Applied Physiology · doi:10.1007/s00421-015-3195-8 · Cited by 24
“There is accumulating evidence on the relationship of sedentary behavior with cardiometabolic risk biomarkers (Owen 2012), and with cardiovascular disease and all-cause mortality (Grontved and Hu 2011; Proper et al. 2011).”
BackgroundInfluentialClark, B., Peeters, G. M. E. E., Gomersall, S. R., Pavey, T., & Brown, W. J. (2014) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2014.03.017 · Cited by 25
Associations between sitting time and health-related quality of life among older men
Vallance, J. K., Eurich, D. T., Marshall, A. L., Lavallee, C. M., & Johnson, S. T. (2013) · Mental health and physical activity · doi:10.1016/j.mhpa.2013.02.002 · Cited by 24
Tam, J., Lacaille, D. V., Liu-Ambrose, T. Y. L., Shaw, C., Xie, H. W., Backman, C. L., Esdaile, J. M., Miller, K. J., Petrella, R. J., & LI, L. C. (2019) · Trials · doi:10.1186/s13063-019-3851-0 · Cited by 22
Models for Understanding Sedentary Behaviour
Hadgraft, N. T., Dunstan, D. W., & Owen, N. G. (2017) · Springer series on epidemiology and public health · doi:10.1007/978-3-319-61552-3_15 · Cited by 23
Self-citationUkawa, S., Tamakoshi, A., Yatsuya, H., Yamagishi, K., Ando, M., & Iso, H. (2015) · Journal of Epidemiology · doi:10.2188/jea.je20140185 · Cited by 22
Rethinking design parameters in the search for optimal dynamic seating
Pynt, J. (2014) · Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies · doi:10.1016/j.jbmt.2014.07.001 · Cited by 26
“As such, this is a profound public health concern that deserves consideration by both the individual and society (Hamilton et al 2007, Katzmarzyk et al 2009, Owen 2012, Owen et al 2010).”
BackgroundBampton, E. A., Johnson, S. T., & Vallance, J. K. (2015) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2015.08.017 · Cited by 22
Breaking Up Sedentary Behavior
Paxton, R. J., Anderson, A., Sarkar, S., & Taylor, W. C. (2015) · Cancer Nursing · doi:10.1097/ncc.0000000000000330 · Cited by 21
“In addition, breaking up sitting may be more acceptable and feasible than promoting moderateto-vigorous physical activity in cancer survivors.(32,46) Previous studies have advocated for strategies such as walking or calisthenics exercises.”
BackgroundAguirre-Betolaza, A. M., Mujika, I., Loprinzi, P. D., Corres, P., Gorostegi-Anduaga, I., & Maldonado‐Martín, S. (2020) · Life · doi:10.3390/life10080153 · Cited by 20
“However, it seems that leisure-time MVPA may not be protective for those who spend large amounts of time in SB [11].”
Smetaniuk, T., Johnson, D., Creurer, J., Block, K., Schlegel, M., Butcher, S. J., & Oosman, S. N. (2017) · Physiotherapy Canada · doi:10.3138/ptc.2015-76ep · Cited by 22
LI, L. C., Xie, H. W., Feehan, L. M., Shaw, C., Lu, N., Ramachandran, S., Wang, E., Therrien, S., Mucha, J., Hoens, A. M., et al. (2023) · Rheumatology · doi:10.1093/rheumatology/kead709 · Cited by 22
Caregiving, Transport-Related, and Demographic Correlates of Sedentary Behavior in Older Adults
White, M. N., King, A. C., Sallis, J. F., Frank, L. D., Saelens, B. E., Conway, T. L., Cain, K. L., & Kerr, J. (2015) · Journal of Aging and Health · doi:10.1177/0898264315611668 · Cited by 20
“…the field of sedentary behavior have called for further research on correlates (including home and neighborhood factors) of objectively measured sedentary behavior and have stressed the importance of studying high-risk subgroups (like older adults; Owen, 2012; Owen et al., 2010; Owen et al., 2011).”
BackgroundCorrelates of sedentary behaviour in youths with Down syndrome: the UP&DOWN study
Izquierdo‐Gómez, R., Veiga, Ó. L., Villagra, A., & Díaz-Cueto, M. (2015) · Journal of Sports Sciences · doi:10.1080/02640414.2014.994660 · Cited by 19
“High level of sedentary behaviour or low levels of physical activity (PA) are associated with poor health outcomes, in both adolescents and adults (Ekelund et al., 2012; Martínez-Gómez et al., 2010; Owen, 2012; Salmon, Tremblay, Marshall, & Hume, 2011).”
BackgroundSaidj, M., Jørgensen, T., Jacobsen, R. K., Linneberg, A. R., & Aadahl, M. (2015) · Preventive Medicine · doi:10.1016/j.ypmed.2015.08.001 · Cited by 19
Han, M., Fang, J., Zhang, Y., Song, X., Jin, L., & Ma, Y. (2023) · BMC Geriatrics · doi:10.1186/s12877-023-03874-6 · Cited by 18
“On the other hand, some evidence has identified that sedentary behavior is a significant predictive factor of aging [15, 16], with energy expenditure ≤ 1.”
BackgroundRaymond, J., Johnson, S. T., Diehl‐Jones, W. L., & Vallance, J. K. (2016) · Transplantation Proceedings · doi:10.1016/j.transproceed.2015.12.022 · Cited by 18
Pollard, B., Engelen, L., Held, F. P., Buskirk, J. V., Spinney, R. E., & de Dear, R. (2022) · Building and Environment · doi:10.1016/j.buildenv.2022.108812 · Cited by 18
Ukawa, S., Tamakoshi, A., Wakai, K., Noda, H., Ando, M., & Iso, H. (2013) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-013-0231-z · Cited by 17
“(multiples of the basal metabolic rate) and characterized by prolonged sitting or 15 reclining and the absence of whole-body movement [11].”
BackgroundActive and sedentary bouts in people after stroke and healthy controls: An observational study
Hassett, L. M., Ada, L., Hellweg, S., Paul, S. S., Alzahrani, M. A., & Dean, C. M. (2020) · Physiotherapy Research International · doi:10.1002/pri.1845 · Cited by 16
Gebel, K., Pont, S., Ding, D., Bauman, A. E., Chau, J. Y., Berger, C., & Prior, J. C. (2017) · Preventive Medicine Reports · doi:10.1016/j.pmedr.2017.01.015 · Cited by 17
“Research suggests that greater time spent in sedentary behavior (activities in a sitting or reclining posture requiring low energy expenditure) (Owen, 2012; Sedentary Behaviour Research Network, 2012), is associated with higher risk of type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, and all-cause…”
BackgroundPollard, B., Engelen, L., Held, F. P., & de Dear, R. (2020) · Applied Ergonomics · doi:10.1016/j.apergo.2020.103341 · Cited by 16
Oye-Somefun, A., Azizi, Z., Ardern, C. I., & Rotondi, M. A. (2021) · BMC Public Health · doi:10.1186/s12889-021-12094-9 · Cited by 16
“and neither were exposure levels; therefore, we can only speculate about the dose-response relationships [67].”
BackgroundSagarra‐Romero, L., Vicente‐Rodríguez, G., Pedrero‐Chamizo, R., Vila‐Maldonado, S., Gusi, N., Villa, G., Espino, L., González‐Gross, M., Casajús, J. A., Ara, I., et al. (2019) · The journal of nutrition health & aging · doi:10.1007/s12603-019-1193-y · Cited by 18
Loitz, C. C., Potter, R. J., Walker, J. L., McLeod, N. C., & Johnston, N. (2015) · Systematic Reviews · doi:10.1186/s13643-015-0166-4 · Cited by 19
“Background Physical inactivity and excessive sedentary behaviour are two current global public health concerns [1].”
BackgroundLI, L. C., Feehan, L. M., Shaw, C., Xie, H. W., Sayre, E. C., Aviña-Zubeita, A., Grewal, N., Townsend, A. F., Gromala, D., Noonan, G., et al. (2017) · BMC Rheumatology · doi:10.1186/s41927-017-0005-4 · Cited by 14
Physical Activity Patterns in Older Men
Bredland, E. L., Magnus, E., & Vik, K. (2015) · Physical & Occupational Therapy In Geriatrics · doi:10.3109/02703181.2014.995855 · Cited by 14
“The trend is to be aware of and to address what seems to be the problem of too much sitting in everyday routines (Hamilton et al., 2008; Owen et al., 2010; Owen, 2012).”
BackgroundMultiple Short Bouts of Walking Activity Attenuate Glucose Response in Obese Women
Rodríguez-Hernández, M. G., Martin, J. S., Pascoe, D. D., Roberts, M. D., & Wadsworth, D. W. (2018) · Journal of Physical Activity and Health · doi:10.1123/jpah.2017-0251 · Cited by 15
Visualizing Physical Activity Patterns among Community-Dwelling Older Adults: A Pilot Study
Haga, M., Vrotsou, K., & Bredland, E. L. (2018) · Sports · doi:10.3390/sports6040135 · Cited by 13
“An essential challenge that must be addressed is the new trend of increased inactivity in everyday life, including prolonged sitting time [5,6].”
BackgroundAddressing the needs of colorectal cancer survivors: current strategies and future directions
Wong, E. Y. T., Chua, C., Beh, S. Y., Koh, D., Chong, D. Q., & Tan, I. B. (2015) · Expert Review of Anticancer Therapy · doi:10.1586/14737140.2015.1038248 · Cited by 13
“Physical activity in colorectal cancer survivors Cancer survivors spend upward of 70% of their day in sedentary behavior [24], where sedentary behaviors was defined in an article as ‘waking activities performed in a seated or reclining posture that require very low energy expenditure’ [25].”
BackgroundTaylor, W. C. (2021) · Journal of Aging and Physical Activity · doi:10.1123/japa.2020-0360 · Cited by 12
Metadata
- Authors
- Owen, N.
- Affiliations
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute (AU)
- Corresponding author
- Owen, Neville
- ORCID
- Owen, Neville
- Venue
- Preventive Medicine
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2012-12
- Volume
- 55
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 535-539
- ISSN
- 0091-7435 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2058357734
- Cited by
- 187
- References
- 76
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 5 · 2024: 9 · 2023: 12 · 2022: 9 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 17 · 2019: 12 · 2018: 22 · 2017: 13 · 2016: 16 · 2015: 25 · 2014: 21 · 2013: 16
- FWCI
- 13.30
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Preventive Medicine (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Physical Activity and Health
- Social Sciences › Human Factors and Ergonomics › Ergonomics and Musculoskeletal Disorders
- Physical Sciences › Computer Science › Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition › Context-Aware Activity Recognition Systems
- Keywords
- sedentary behavior, prolonged sitting, cardiometabolic risk, health risks, dose-response relationship, environmental determinants, sedentary behavior interventions, public health policy, clinical guidelines
- MeSH terms
- Adult, Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena, Humans, Posture, Risk Factors, Time Factors, Biomarkers, Sedentary Behavior
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