The “Visitor Effect” and captive black-tailed prairie dog behavior

How does the zoo environment affect the behaviour of captive primates?

Hosey, G. R. (2005) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2004.08.015 · Cited by 362 · see citing works

Generations in captivity increases behavioral variance: considerations for captive breeding and reintroduction programs

McPhee, M. E. (2003) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/s0006-3207(03)00095-8 · Cited by 300 · see citing works

Group size, foraging, and antipredator ploys: An analysis of bighorn sheep decisions

Berger, J. (1978) · Behavioral Ecology and Sociobiology · doi:10.1007/bf00302563 · Cited by 209 · see citing works

The Evolution of Coloniality in White‐tailed and Black‐tailed Prairie Dogs (Sciuridae: Cynomys Leucurus and C. Ludovicianus)

Hoogland, J. L. (1981) · Ecology · doi:10.2307/1936685 · Cited by 199 · see citing works

Effects of predator training on behavior and post-release survival of captive prairie dogs (Cynomys ludovicianus)

Shier, D. M., & Owings, D. H. (2006) · Biological Conservation · doi:10.1016/j.biocon.2006.03.020 · Cited by 136 · see citing works

More on the ‘influence’ of zoo visitors on the behaviour of captive primates

Mitchell, G., Tromborg, C. T., Kaufman, J. A., Bargabus, S., Simoni, R., & Geissler, V. (1992) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/0168-1591(92)90009-z · Cited by 81 · see citing works

Vigilance in Single- and Mixed-Species Groups of Tamarins (Saguinus labiatus and Saguinus fuscicollis)

Hardie, S. M., & Buchanan‐Smith, H. M. (1997) · International Journal of Primatology · doi:10.1023/a:1026372619340 · Cited by 59 · see citing works

Determinants of Time Allocation By Adult and Yearling Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs

Loughry, W. J. (1993) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853993x00489 · Cited by 47 · see citing works

The effect of group size manipulations on the foraging behavior of black-tailed prairie dogs

Kildaw, S. D. (1995) · Behavioral Ecology · doi:10.1093/beheco/6.4.353 · Cited by 29 · see citing works

Food habits of prairie dogs.

Kelso, L. (1939) · Cited by 28 · see citing works

Ontogeny of Time Allocation in Black‐tailed Prairie Dogs

Loughry, W. J. (1992) · Ethology · doi:10.1111/j.1439-0310.1992.tb00833.x · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Behavior of a Captive Population of Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs

Smith, W. J., Smith, S. L., Oppenheimer, E. C., VILLA, J. G. D., & Ulmer, F. A. (1973) · Behaviour · doi:10.1163/156853973x00012 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The visitor effect on zoo animals: implications and opportunities for zoo animal welfare

Sherwen, S. L., & Hemsworth, P. H. (2019) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani9060366 · Cited by 267 · see citing works

Behaviour and welfare: the visitor effect in captive felids

Suárez, P., RECUERDA, P., & de Reyna, L. A. (2017) · Animal Welfare · doi:10.7120/09627286.26.1.025 · Cited by 49 · see citing works

The impact of visitors on non-primate species in zoos: a quantitative review

Williams, E., Hunton, V., Hosey, G., & Ward, S. J. (2023) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani13071178 · Cited by 38 · see citing works

Evaluating the Effect of Visitor Presence on Nile Crocodile (Crocodylus niloticus) Behavior

Riley, A. W., Terry, M., Freeman, H. D., Alba, A. C., Soltis, J. M., & Leeds, A. (2021) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg2010009 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Human Positioning in Close-Encounter Photographs and the Effect on Public Perceptions of Zoo Animals

Shaw, M. N., McLeod, E. M., Borrie, W. T., & Miller, K. K. (2021) · Animals · doi:10.3390/ani12010011 · Cited by 25 · see citing works

Effects of Visitor Presence and Crowd Size on Zoo-Housed Red Kangaroos (Macropus Rufus) During and After a COVID-19 Closure

Jones, M., Gartland, K. N., & Fuller, G. A. (2021) · Animal Behavior and Cognition · doi:10.26451/abc.08.04.06.2021 · Cited by 20 · see citing works

The Effect of Visitors on Zoo Reptile Behaviour during the COVID-19 Pandemic

Carter, K. C., Keane, I. A. T., Clifforde, L. M., Rowden, L. J., Fieschi‐Méric, L., & Michaels, C. J. (2021) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg2040048 · Cited by 21 · see citing works

Conservation, animal behaviour, and human-animal relationship in zoos. Why is animal welfare so important?

Escobar-Ibarra, I., Mota‐Rojas, D., Gual‐Sill, F., Sánchez, C. R., Baschetto, F., & Alonso-Spilsbury, M. (2020) · Journal of Animal Behaviour and Biometeorology · doi:10.31893/jabb.21011 · Cited by 22 · see citing works

Stress hormone level and the welfare of captive European bison (Bison bonasus): the effects of visitor pressure and the social structure of herds

Klich, D., Łopucki, R., Gałązka, M., Ścibior, A., Gołębiowska, D., Brzezińska, R., Kruszewski, B., Kaleta, T., & Olech, W. (2021) · Acta veterinaria Scandinavica · doi:10.1186/s13028-021-00589-9 · Cited by 18 · see citing works

Behavioral Changes of Brown Bears (Ursus arctos) during COVID-19 Zoo Closures and Further Reopening to the Public

Podturkin, A. A. (2022) · Journal of Zoological and Botanical Gardens · doi:10.3390/jzbg3020021 · Cited by 15 · see citing works

Promoting inclusivity in ecology, evolution, and behavioral biology education through course-based undergraduate research experiences

Funkhouser, J. A., Gregory, M., & Sanz, C. (2024) · BioScience · doi:10.1093/biosci/biae060 · Cited by 8 · see citing works

Do Snakes Give a Hiss? Examining the Impact of Zoo Visitors on Captive Snakes

Hanson, S. L., Cooper‐Rogers, B., Klingner, P., Olijnyk, P., & Fernandez, E. J. (2025) · Zoo Biology · doi:10.1002/zoo.70033 · Cited by 4 · see citing works

The ‘Visitor Effect’ in Non-primate Zoo Species: What Do We Know and Where Should We Go Next?

Williams, E., Hunton, V., Ward, S. J., & Hosey, G. (2024) · CABI eBooks · doi:10.1079/9781800622715.0010 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Effect of Visitor Number on the Behavior and Cortisol Metabolites Concentrations of Sambar Deer (Cervus unicolor) in Captivity

Gholib, G., Panggabean, S. R., Wahyuni, S., Ghani, F. A., Hamzah, A., & Rahmi, E. (2021) · Advances in biological sciences research/Advances in Biological Sciences Research · doi:10.2991/absr.k.210420.042 · Cited by 1 · see citing works

Social Behavior of Captive Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Mammalia, Rodentia) with Changing Numbers of Observers

Eltorai, A. E. M., & Sussman, R. (2011) · Vestnik Zoologii · doi:10.2478/v10058-011-0009-2

Additional file 1 of Stress hormone level and the welfare of captive European bison (Bison bonasus): the effects of visitor pressure and the social structure of herds

Klich, D., Łopucki, R., Gałązka, M., Ścibior, A., Gołębiowska, D., Brzezińska, R., Kruszewski, B., Kaleta, T., & Olech, W. (2021) · Figshare · doi:10.6084/m9.figshare.14767458

¿Puede cambiar la conducta de las personas durante su visita al zoológico?: un estudio exploratorio

González-Pech, P. G. (2025) · Revista Biológico Agropecuaria Tuxpan · doi:10.47808/revistabioagro.v13i2.626

Social Behavior of Captive Black-Tailed Prairie Dogs (Mammalia, Rodentia) with Changing Numbers of Observers

Eltorai, A. E. M., & Sussman, R. (2011) · Vestnik Zoologii · doi:10.2478/v10058-011-0009-2

Effects of Observation: A Study of Captive Black-Tailed Prairie Dog Behavior

Eltorai, A. E. M. (2013) · Open Scholarship Institutional Repository (Washington University in St. Louis)

Behavioural observation of a captive chimpansee group (Pan troglodytes): number of cages and visitor effect

Kennis, M., Verbelen, D., Stevens, J. M. G., & Vervaecke, H. (2007)

The visitor effect in petting zoo-housed animals: Aversive or enriching?

Farrand, A., Hosey, G., & Buchanan-Smith, H. M. (2014) · Applied Animal Behaviour Science · doi:10.1016/j.applanim.2013.11.012 · Cited by 42 · see citing works

The visitor effect in zoo-housed apes: the variable effect on behaviour of visitor number and noise

Hashmi, A., & Sullivan, M. (2020) · ˜The œJournal of zoo and aquarium research · doi:10.19227/jzar.v8i4.523 · Cited by 35 · see citing works