Predictors of Self-initiated, Healthful Dietary Change
Abstract
Objective To examine demographic and psychosocial factors that predict healthful dietary change.Design A cohort study, examining how factors assessed at baseline predicted change in fat-related dietary habits and fruit and vegetable intakes 2 years later.Participants Participants were recruited in 1995 and 1996 by random-digit dialing (response rate 0.63), and followed-up in 1997 and 1998 (follow-up rate 0.82). The final sample included 336 men and 502 women.Main outcome measures Fruit and vegetable intake and fat-related dietary patterns, measured by telephone-administered surveys.Statistical analyses Chi2 tests and linear regression were used to test associations of baseline characteristics with dietary change.Results Fat intake (energy from fat) decreased by approximately 2 percentage points and fruits and vegetables intake increased by 0.17 servings per day (both P<.001). Changes were significantly larger among women and persons who were well educated. Persons in the maintenance stage of change and persons who believed there was a strong relationship between diet and cancer made the largest dietary changes. Use of food labels was strongly associated with fat reduction, but not with increases in fruits and vegetables.Applications These results suggest that food labels are useful for helping people reduce fat intake, that interventions should target persons at all stages of dietary change, and that new efforts are needed to reach men and persons who are less well educated.
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Some studies did not show any association between reported awareness or use of the food label and many or all dietary habits.
“Some studies did not show any association between reported awareness or use of the food label and many or all dietary habits.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [88]
Generally, women; persons with greater education, existing chronic disease, or greater awareness of diet-disease relations; and persons counseled by their physician to change their diet were more likely to report using nutrition labels to help make decisions about foods.
“Generally, women; persons with greater education, existing chronic disease, or greater awareness of diet-disease relations; and persons counseled by their physician to change their diet were more likely to report using nutrition labels to help make decisions about foods.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [88]
In many cases, differences were observed for use of specific nutrient information on the food label; for example, only use of sugar information on the label, rather than general use of the food label, was associated with lower consumption of added sugar.
“In many cases, these differences were observed for use of specific nutrient information on the food label; for example, only use of sugar information on the label, rather than general use of the food label, was associated with lower consumption of added sugar.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [88]
Greater reported use of food labels was inconsistently associated with certain dietary habits, such as lower consumption of added sugars, total fat, and total calories and higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber.
“Greater reported use of food labels was inconsistently associated with certain dietary habits, such as lower consumption of added sugars, total fat, and total calories and higher consumption of fruits, vegetables, and dietary fiber.”
From Population Approaches to Improve Diet, Physical Activity, and Smoking Habits: A Scientific Statement From the American Heart Association (2012) · cites this paper as [88]
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References 25 · Cited by 111
- Authors
- KRISTAL, A. R., HEDDERSON, M. M., PATTERSON, R. E., & NEUHAUSER, M. L.
- Affiliations
- University of Washington (US)
- Cape Town HVTN Immunology Laboratory / Hutchinson Centre Research Institute of South Africa (ZA)
- Fred Hutch Cancer Center (US)
- Corresponding author
- KRISTAL, ALAN R
- Venue
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-07
- Volume
- 101
- Issue
- 7
- Pages
- 762-766
- ISSN
- 0002-8223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011380115
- Cited by
- 111
- References
- 25
- Citations by year
- 2025: 1 · 2023: 1 · 2022: 1 · 2021: 1 · 2020: 2 · 2019: 4 · 2018: 2 · 2017: 2 · 2016: 10 · 2015: 7 · 2014: 8 · 2013: 6 · 2012: 2
- FWCI
- 7.37
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Journal of the American Dietetic Association (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r01ca064138-04)
- National Cancer Institute (P30CA 15704, R01 CA64138, P30CA015704)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Nursing › Nutrition and Dietetics › Nutrition, Health and Food Behavior
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Consumer Attitudes and Food Labeling
- Keywords
- dietary fat intake, fruit and vegetable intake, stages of change, food labels, educational attainment, gender differences, psychosocial predictors, dietary intervention
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Diet Surveys, Dietary Fats, Educational Status, Feeding Behavior, Female, Follow-Up Studies, Food Labeling, Fruit, Health Status, Humans, Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice, Male, Middle Aged, Neoplasms, Regression Analysis, Sex Factors, Socioeconomic Factors, Telephone, Vegetables, Cohort Studies, Health Behavior
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