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One vs five sessions of exposure and five sessions of cognitive therapy in the treatment of claustrophobia
Abstract
Forty-six patients fulfilling the DSM-IV criteria for claustrophobia were assessed with behavioral, physiological, and self-report measures. They were randomly assigned to four conditions: (1) one-session (E1); or (2) five-sessions of exposure (E5); (3) five-sessions of cognitive therapy (C5); and (4) Wait-list for 5 weeks. The first condition consisted of a single 3 h session of massed exposure, and condition 2 and 3 of 5 h of gradual treatment, which was done individually by very experienced therapists. The results showed that treatment was significantly better than the wait-list condition, and the three treatments did equally well with no differences between them. At post-treatment 79% of treatment patients vs 18% of the wait-list controls had improved to a clinically significant extent. When the three treatments were compared 80% in the E1-group, 81% in the E5-group, and 79% in the C5-group were clinically improved. At the 1 year follow-up the corresponding figures were 100%, 81%, and 93%, respectively. The implications of these results are discussed.
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“One-session treatment of flying phobia, blood-injection-injury phobia, spider phobia, claustrophobia, and other specific phobias has shown comparable outcomes to five-session treatment, with clinically significant improvements maintained for follow-up periods as long as four years (Öst, Alm, Brandberg, & Breitholtz, 2001; Öst, Brandberg, & Alm, 1997; Öst, Hellström, & Kåver, 1992).”
From Enhancing Inhibitory Learning: The Utility of Variability in Exposure (2019) · cites this paper as Öst, Alm, Brandberg, & Breitholtz, 2001
In the citing paper
“it should be noted that the intervention of the current trial included a number of CBT components and that there is no unambiguous evidence that CBT should outperform exposure therapy for phobias per se, with studies finding either no difference or a negligible advantage for either CBT of exposure therapy in phobias (eg, [14,19,59,60]).”
From Short-term effectiveness of web-based guided self-help for phobic outpatients: randomized controlled trial. (2014) · cites this paper as [59]
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Metadata
- Authors
- Öst, L.-G., Alm, T., Brandberg, M., & Breitholtz, E.
- Affiliations
- Stockholm University (SE)
- Uppsala University (SE)
- Corresponding author
- Öst, L.-G
- ORCID
- Öst, L.-G
- Venue
- Behaviour Research and Therapy
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2001-02
- Volume
- 39
- Issue
- 2
- Pages
- 167-183
- ISSN
- 0005-7967 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2041599078
- Cited by
- 138
- References
- 37
- Citations by year
- 2026: 3 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 3 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 4 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 9 · 2018: 6 · 2017: 4 · 2016: 3 · 2015: 9 · 2014: 6 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 5.50
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Behaviour Research and Therapy (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- Vetenskapsrådet
- Topics
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychotherapy Techniques and Applications
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Clinical Psychology › Psychological Treatments and Assessments
- Keywords
- claustrophobia, exposure therapy, cognitive therapy, gradual exposure, treatment comparison, waitlist control, long-term follow-up, anxiety disorders
- MeSH terms
- Adolescent, Adult, Desensitization, Psychologic, Female, Humans, Implosive Therapy, Male, Middle Aged, Outcome and Process Assessment, Health Care, Phobic Disorders, Cognitive Behavioral Therapy
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