Cited by 193Schizophrenia research and treatmentNeurotransmitter Receptor Influence on BehaviorAnxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes

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Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex in humans

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Grillon, Christian, Pellowski, Mark, Merikangas, Kathleen R., Davis, Michael·1997·Biological Psychiatry

DOI 10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00466-0

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Abstract

The effects of darkness on startle reactivity and prepulse inhibition were investigated in two studies with 25 subjects participating in each study. Acoustic startle stimuli that were or were not preceded by an acoustic prepulse were delivered in alternating periods of complete darkness or light. In both studies, darkness significantly increased the magnitude of startle but did not affect prepulse inhibition (PPI). The PPI results suggest that darkness did not increase attention to the auditory modality, so that the startle facilitation in the dark probably did not result from an attentional process. The increased startle in the dark was significantly correlated with the intensity of subjects' fear of the dark as children based on retrospective rating scales. It is hypothesized that the startle facilitation in the dark results from a change in affect rather than from a change in attention.

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Authors: Grillon, C., Pellowski, M., Merikangas, K. R., & Davis, M.
Affiliations: Yale University (US)
Corresponding author: Grillon, Christian
ORCID: Grillon, Christian
Merikangas, Kathleen R.
Davis, Michael
Venue: Biological Psychiatry
Publisher: Elsevier BV
Published: 1997-09
Volume: 42
Issue: 6
Pages: 453-460
ISSN: 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
DOI: 10.1016/s0006-3223(96)00466-0
OpenAlex: W2090526529
Cited by: 193
References: 64
Citations by year: 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
FWCI: 4.92
Type: journal article
Language: en
Open access: hybrid
doi.org
Licence: cc-by-nc-nd
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
www.elsevier.com/legal/tdmrep-license (tdm)
creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ (vor, 126 d)
Locations: Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
PubMed (publishedVersion)
Funders: National Institutes of Health (5r29mh050720-05)
National Institute of Mental Health (1 R29 MH-50720)
Topics: Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
Keywords: acoustic startle response, darkness, prepulse inhibition, fear of the dark, affect, attention, light and darkness
MeSH terms: Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Anxiety, Attention, Blinking, Darkness, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reflex, Startle

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Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

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Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex in humans

Abstract

Overview

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Verification

Claims the paper makes

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