The DOI matches its Crossref record; 64 of the 64 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Darkness facilitates the acoustic startle reflex in humans
Open accessAbstract
The effects of darkness on startle reactivity and prepulse inhibition were investigated in two studies with 25 subjects participating in each study. Acoustic startle stimuli that were or were not preceded by an acoustic prepulse were delivered in alternating periods of complete darkness or light. In both studies, darkness significantly increased the magnitude of startle but did not affect prepulse inhibition (PPI). The PPI results suggest that darkness did not increase attention to the auditory modality, so that the startle facilitation in the dark probably did not result from an attentional process. The increased startle in the dark was significantly correlated with the intensity of subjects' fear of the dark as children based on retrospective rating scales. It is hypothesized that the startle facilitation in the dark results from a change in affect rather than from a change in attention.
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“In contrast to rodents, humans are diurnal and feel more vulnerable in the dark (Schaller et al, 2003), and darkness is sufficiently anxiogenic in humans to potentiate startle (Grillon et al, 1997b). Dark-enhanced startle is replicable across laboratories (Grillon et al, 1999), and can be observed in both adolescents (Grillon et al, 1999) and adults (Coplan et al, 1998; Grillon and Ameli, 1998b;”
From Phasic vs Sustained Fear in Rats and Humans: Role of the Extended Amygdala in Fear vs Anxiety (2010) · cites this paper as Grillon et al, 1997b
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Cites
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Self-citationEmotion, attention, and the startle reflex
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Research works printed but not linked: 3
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Sorted by citations
Phasic vs Sustained Fear in Rats and Humans: Role of the Extended Amygdala in Fear vs Anxiety
Davis, M., Walker, D. L., Miles, L., & Grillon, C. (2010) · Neuropsychopharmacology · doi:10.1038/npp.2009.109 · Cited by 1,513
“…REVIEWS adolescents (Grillon et al, 1999) and adults (Coplan et al, 1998; Grillon and Ameli, 1998b; Grillon et al, 1997b).”
BackgroundSelf-citationFear and anxiety: Animal models and human cognitive psychophysiology
Lang, P. J., Davis, M., & Öhman, A. (2000) · Journal of Affective Disorders · doi:10.1016/s0165-0327(00)00343-8 · Cited by 1,162
Self-citationRenovating the Pyramid of Needs: Contemporary Extensions Built Upon Ancient Foundations
Kenrick, D. T., Griskevicius, V., Neuberg, S. L., & Schaller, M. (2010) · Perspectives on Psychological Science · doi:10.1177/1745691610369469 · Cited by 1,132
Neural systems involved in fear and anxiety measured with fear-potentiated startle.
Davis, M. (2006) · American Psychologist · doi:10.1037/0003-066x.61.8.741 · Cited by 611
Self-citationGrillon, C., & Baas, J. M. P. (2003) · Clinical Neurophysiology · doi:10.1016/s1388-2457(03)00202-5 · Cited by 591
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Grillon, C., Pellowski, M., Merikangas, K. R., & Davis, M.
- Affiliations
- Yale University (US)
- Corresponding author
- Grillon, Christian
- Venue
- Biological Psychiatry
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-09
- Volume
- 42
- Issue
- 6
- Pages
- 453-460
- ISSN
- 0006-3223 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2090526529
- Cited by
- 193
- References
- 64
- Citations by year
- 2026: 6 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 8 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 5 · 2021: 9 · 2020: 3 · 2019: 3 · 2018: 8 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 8 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 7 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 4.92
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- hybrid
- doi.org
- Licence
- Locations
- Biological Psychiatry (publishedVersion, cc-by-nc-nd)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institutes of Health (5r29mh050720-05)
- National Institute of Mental Health (1 R29 MH-50720)
- Topics
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Psychiatry and Mental health › Schizophrenia research and treatment
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Cellular and Molecular Neuroscience › Neurotransmitter Receptor Influence on Behavior
- Social Sciences › Psychology › Experimental and Cognitive Psychology › Anxiety, Depression, Psychometrics, Treatment, Cognitive Processes
- Keywords
- acoustic startle response, darkness, prepulse inhibition, fear of the dark, affect, attention, light and darkness
- MeSH terms
- Acoustic Stimulation, Adult, Anxiety, Attention, Blinking, Darkness, Fear, Female, Humans, Male, Surveys and Questionnaires, Reflex, Startle
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