Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in cell cycle regulation
Abstract
Traditionally, the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR) is considered to be a ligand-activated receptor and transcription factor responsible for the induction of drug-metabolizing enzymes. Its role in the combinatorial matrix of cell functions was neatly established long before the first report of an AHR cDNA sequence was published. Only recently, other functions of this protein have begun to be recognized. This review addresses novel findings relating to AHR functions that have resulted from experimental approaches markedly outside traditional receptor analyses. Here we examine the aspects of AHR biology relevant to its role in cell cycle regulation, from the activation of mitogen-activated protein kinases to the cross-talk between AHR and the RAS pathway and the functional significance of the interaction between AHR and the retinoblastoma protein. We have attempted to provide the reader with a balanced interpretation of the evidence, highlighting areas of consensus as well as areas still being contested.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
Among the 15 fixed protein-coding changes identified here but absent from previous analyses, some might have contributed to complex modifications of pathways in cell division, like AHR or DNHD1, as well as other genes with HHMCs, like CHEK1 or TOP2A.
“Among the 15 fixed protein-coding changes identified here but absent from previous analyses1,20, some might have also contributed to complex modifications of pathways in cell division, like AHR65 or DNHD166 (Supplementary Information 1), as well as other genes with HHMCs, like CHEK167 or the gene encoding for the protein TOP2A68, which shows the largest number of interactions with other HHMC-carry”
From A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins (2019) · cites this paper as [65]
Cites
CDK inhibitors: positive and negative regulators of G1-phase progression
Sherr, C. J., & Roberts, J. M. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.12.1501 · Cited by 6,115 · see citing works
Barbacid, M. (1987) · Annual Review of Biochemistry · doi:10.1146/annurev.bi.56.070187.004023 · Cited by 3,885 · see citing works
Cheng, M., Olivier, P., Diehl, J. A., Fero, M., Roussel, M. F., Roberts, J. M., & Sherr, C. J. (1999) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1093/emboj/18.6.1571 · Cited by 1,142 · see citing works
Molecular Interaction Map of the Mammalian Cell Cycle Control and DNA Repair Systems
Kohn, K. W. (1999) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.10.8.2703 · Cited by 550 · see citing works
Induction of c‐fos expression through JNK‐mediated TCF/Elk‐1 phosphorylation.
Cavigelli, M., Dolfi, F., Claret, F. X., & Karin, M. (1995) · The EMBO Journal · doi:10.1002/j.1460-2075.1995.tb00284.x · Cited by 530 · see citing works
Differential Phosphorylation of the Retinoblastoma Protein by G1/S Cyclin-dependent Kinases
Zarkowska, T., & Mittnacht, S. (1997) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.272.19.12738 · Cited by 494 · see citing works
Mechanism of active transcriptional repression by the retinoblastoma protein
Weintraub, S. J., Chow, K. N. B., Luo, R. X., Zhang, S. H., He, S., & Dean, D. C. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/375812a0 · Cited by 487 · see citing works
Ah Receptor and NF-κB Interactions, a Potential Mechanism for Dioxin Toxicity
Tian, Y., Ke, S., Denison, M. S., Rabson, A. B., & Gallo, M. A. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.1.510 · Cited by 406 · see citing works
Kolluri, S. K., Weiss, C., Koff, A., & Göttlicher, M. (1999) · Genes & Development · doi:10.1101/gad.13.13.1742 · Cited by 364 · see citing works
Checking out the G2/M transition
Smits, V. A. J., & Medema, R. H. (2001) · Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Gene Structure and Expression · doi:10.1016/s0167-4781(01)00204-4 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Ras signalling linked to the cell-cycle machinery by the retinoblastoma protein
Peeper, D. S., Upton, T. M., Ladha, M. H., Neuman, E., Zalvide, J. B., Bernards, R., DeCaprio, J. A., & Ewen, M. E. (1997) · Nature · doi:10.1038/386177a0 · Cited by 357 · see citing works
Pratt, W. B. (1997) · The Annual Review of Pharmacology and Toxicology · doi:10.1146/annurev.pharmtox.37.1.297 · Cited by 333 · see citing works
Puga, A., Barnes, S., Dalton, T. P., Chang, C., Knudsen, E. S., & Maier, M. A. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.275.4.2943 · Cited by 315 · see citing works
Self-citationTumour promotion by TCDD in skin of HRS/J hairless mice
Poland, A., Palen, D., & Glover, E. A. (1982) · Nature · doi:10.1038/300271a0 · Cited by 294 · see citing works
Kim, D. W., Gazourian, L., Quadri, S. A., Raphaëlle, Sherr, D. H., & Sonenshein, G. E. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203945 · Cited by 280 · see citing works
Ma, Q., & Whitlock, J. P. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.16.5.2144 · Cited by 273 · see citing works
BRG-1 is required for RB-mediated cell cycle arrest
Strobeck, M. W., Knudsen, K. E., Fribourg, A. F., DeCristofaro, M. F., Weissman, B. E., Imbalzano, A. N., & Knudsen, E. S. (2000) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.97.14.7748 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
A Direct Interaction between the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and Retinoblastoma Protein
Ge, N.-L., & Elferink, C. J. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.35.22708 · Cited by 258 · see citing works
Self-citationKe, S., Rabson, A., Germino, J., Gallo, M., & Tian, Y.-N. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m106286200 · Cited by 217 · see citing works
The transcriptional signature of dioxin in human hepatoma HepG2 cells
Puga, A., Maier, A., & Medvedovic, M. (2000) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00403-2 · Cited by 215 · see citing works
Self-citationCao, W., Luttrell, L. M., Medvedev, A. V., Pierce, K. L., Daniel, K. W., Dixon, T. M., Lefkowitz, R. J., & Collins, S. (2000) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.c000592200 · Cited by 208 · see citing works
Enan, E. E., & Matsumura, F. (1996) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(96)00566-7 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Kobayashi, A., Numayama‐Tsuruta, K., Sogawa, K., & Fujii-Kuriyama, Y. (1997) · The Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1093/oxfordjournals.jbchem.a021812 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Singh, P., Coe, J. G. S., & Hong, W. (1995) · Nature · doi:10.1038/374562a0 · Cited by 191 · see citing works
Fantz, D. A., Jacobs, D., Glossip, D., & Kornfeld, K. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m102512200 · Cited by 183 · see citing works
Puga, A., Nebert, D. W., & Carrier, F. (1992) · DNA and Cell Biology · doi:10.1089/dna.1992.11.269 · Cited by 178 · see citing works
Self-citationWeiß, C., Kolluri, S. K., Kiefer, F., & Göttlicher, M. (1996) · Experimental Cell Research · doi:10.1006/excr.1996.0214 · Cited by 169 · see citing works
Long, W. P., Pray-Grant, M. G., Tsai, J. C., & Perdew, G. H. (1998) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.53.4.691 · Cited by 167 · see citing works
Induction of p21/WAF1 and G1 cell-cycle arrest by the chemopreventive agent apigenin
Lepley, D. M., & Pelling, J. C. (1997) · Molecular Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2744(199707)19:2 · Cited by 164 · see citing works
Self-citationAltered Cell Cycle Control at the G2/M Phases in Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor-Null Embryo Fibroblast
Elizondo, G., Fernández‐Salguero, P. M., Sheikh, M. S., Kim, G.-Y., Fornace, A. J., Lee, K. S., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2000) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0026-895x(24)26518-4 · Cited by 161 · see citing works
Dimerization in MAP-kinase signaling
Cobb, M. H., & Goldsmith, E. J. (2000) · Trends in Biochemical Sciences · doi:10.1016/s0968-0004(99)01508-x · Cited by 158 · see citing works
Knutson, J. C. (1982) · Cell · doi:10.1016/0092-8674(82)90028-9 · Cited by 156 · see citing works
Berghard, A., Gradin, K., Pongratz, I., Whitelaw, M. L., & Poellinger, L. (1993) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.13.1.677 · Cited by 155 · see citing works
Protein Kinase C Modulates Regulation of the CYP1A1 Gene by the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Chen, Y., & Tukey, R. H. (1996) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.271.42.26261 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Differential Recruitment of Coactivator RIP140 byAh and Estrogen Receptors
Kumar, M. B., Tarpey, R. W., & Perdew, G. H. (1999) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.274.32.22155 · Cited by 154 · see citing works
Carrier, F., Owens, R. A., Nebert, D. W., & Puga, A. (1992) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.12.4.1856 · Cited by 151 · see citing works
Self-citationDioxin induces transcription of fos and jun genes by ah receptor-dependent and -independent pathways
Hoffer, A., Chang, C., & Puga, A. (1996) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0041-008x(96)80029-9 · Cited by 135 · see citing works
Self-citationMaximal Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Activity Depends on an Interaction with the Retinoblastoma Protein
Elferink, C. J., Ge, N.-L., & Levine, A. (2001) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.59.4.664 · Cited by 130 · see citing works
Self-citationPuga, A., Hoffer, A., Zhou, S., Bohm, J. M., Leikauf, G. D., & Shertzer, H. G. (1997) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(97)00417-6 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Self-citationWatters, J. J., Chun, T.-Y., Kim, Y.-N., Bertics, P. J., & Gorski, J. (2000) · Molecular Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/mend.14.11.0551 · Cited by 114 · see citing works
Puga, A., Barnes, S., Chang, C., Zhu, H., Nephew, K. P., Khan, S., & Shertzer, H. G. (2000) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00406-2 · Cited by 112 · see citing works
Self-citationKumar, M. B., & Perdew, G. H. (1999) · Europe PMC (PubMed Central) · Cited by 111 · see citing works
Inhibition of the specific DNA binding activity of the dioxin receptor by phosphatase treatment.
Pongratz, I., Strömstedt, P. E., MASON, G. G. F., & Poellinger, L. (1991) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(18)55374-6 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Tannheimer, S. L. (1997) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/18.6.1177 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Okino, S. T., Pendurthi, U. R., & Tukey, R. H. (1992) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)50526-9 · Cited by 93 · see citing works
Bombick, D. W., Madhukar, B. V., BREWSTER, D. W., & Matsumura, F. (1985) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/s0006-291x(85)80158-3 · Cited by 87 · see citing works
Kumar, M. B., Ramadoss, P., Reen, R. K., Heuvel, J. P. V., & Perdew, G. H. (2001) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m104798200 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Bombick, D. W., Jankun, J., Tullis, K. M., & Matsumura, F. (1988) · Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1073/pnas.85.12.4128 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Lung cancer risk in families of nonsmoking probands: Heterogeneity by age at diagnosis
Yang, P., Schwartz, A. G., McAllister, A. E., Swanson, G. M., & Aston, C. E. (1999) · Genetic Epidemiology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2272(199911)17:4 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Evidence for a second pathway in the action mechanism of 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD)
Enan, E. E., & Matsumura, F. (1995) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(94)00430-7 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Restoration of retinoblastoma mediated signaling to Cdk2 results in cell cycle arrest
Strobeck, M. W., Fribourg, A. F., Puga, A., & Knudsen, E. S. (2000) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1203510 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
Self-citationDifferential Regulation of Androgen and Glucocorticoid Receptors by Retinoblastoma Protein
Lü, J., & Danielsen, M. (1998) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.273.47.31528 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Phosphorylation-Dependent Formation of a Quaternary Complex at the c- fos SRE
Gille, H., Kortenjann, M., Strahl, T., & Shaw, P. E. (1996) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.16.3.1094 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Mahon, M. J., & Gasiewicz, T. A. (1995) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1995.1217 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Madhukar, B. V., Ebner, K., Matsumura, F., Bombick, D. W., BREWSTER, D. W., & Kawamoto, T. (1988) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.2570030405 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Sewall, C. H., Lucier, G. W., Tritscher, A. M., & Clark, G. C. (1993) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/14.9.1885 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Damage to DNA by UV light and activation of transcription factors
Sachsenmaier, C., Radler‐Pohl, A., Müller, A., Herrlich, P. A., & Rahmsdorf, H. J. (1994) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0006-2952(94)90446-4 · Cited by 55 · see citing works
Gierthy, J. F., & Crane, D. D. (1984) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/0041-008x(84)90274-6 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Is Required for p300-Mediated Induction of DNA Synthesis by Adenovirus E1A
Tohkin, M., Fukuhara, M., Elizondo, G., Tomita, S., & Gonzalez, F. J. (2000) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.58.4.845 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Partanen, A., Alaluusua, S., Miettinen, P. J., Thesleff, I., Tuomisto, J., Pohjanvirta, R., & Lukinmaa, P.-L. (1998) · PubMed · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Park, S.-K., Henry, E. C., & Gasiewicz, T. A. (2000) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.2000.1999 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
Bauman, J. W., Goldsworthy, T. L., Dunn, C. S., & Fox, T. R. (1995) · Cell Proliferation · doi:10.1111/j.1365-2184.1995.tb00084.x · Cited by 45 · see citing works
2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-dioxin inhibits DNA synthesis in rat primary hepatocytes
Hushka, D. R., & Greenlee, W. F. (1995) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/0027-5107(95)00135-2 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Bral, C. M., & Ramos, K. S. (1997) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.52.6.974 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Parrish, A. R., Fisher, R. L., Bral, C. M., Burghardt, R. C., Gandolfi, A. J., Brendel, K., & Ramos, K. S. (1998) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8525 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Jyonouchi, H., Sun, S., Iijima, K., Wang, M., & Hecht, S. S. (1999) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/20.1.139 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Enan, E. E., El-Sabeawy, F., Scott, M. A., Overstreet, J. W., & Lasley, B. L. (1998) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1998.8470 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Significance of TCDD‐induced changes in protein phosphorylation in the adipocyte of male guinea pigs
Enan, E. E., & Matsumura, F. (1994) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/jbt.2570090308 · Cited by 39 · see citing works
Sewall, C. H., Clark, G. C., & Lucier, G. W. (1995) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1006/taap.1995.1107 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
Li, S.-Y., & Dougherty, J. J. (1997) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1006/abbi.1997.9905 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Gohl, G., Lehmköster, T., Münzel, P., Schrenk, D., Viebahn, R., & Bock, K. W. (1996) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/17.3.443 · Cited by 34 · see citing works
Ashida, H., Nagy, S. R., & Matsumura, F. (2000) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(99)00387-1 · Cited by 27 · see citing works
Yazlovitskaya, E. M., Pelling, J. C., & Persons, D. L. (1999) · Molecular Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1002/(sici)1098-2744(199905)25:1 · Cited by 25 · see citing works
Repression of cytochrome P‐450c gene expression by cotransfection with adenovirus E1a DNA
Sogawa, K., Handa, H., Fujisawa‐Sehara, A., Hiromasa, T., Yamane, M., & Fujii‐Kuriyama, Y. (1989) · European Journal of Biochemistry · doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.1989.tb14757.x · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Dieter, M. Z., Freshwater, S. L., Solis, W. A., Nebert, D. W., & Dalton, T. P. (2001) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(00)00525-6 · Cited by 21 · see citing works
Enan, E. E., Dunlap, D. Y., & Matsumura, F. (1998) · Journal of Biochemical and Molecular Toxicology · doi:10.1002/(sici)1099-0461(1998)12:5 · Cited by 19 · see citing works
Ikegwuonu, F. I., Christou, M., & Jefcoate, C. R. E. (1999) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(98)00344-x · Cited by 18 · see citing works
Park, R., Kim, D., Kim, M., So, H., Chung, H., Kwon, K., Ryu, D., & Kim, B.-R. (1998) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1006/bbrc.1998.9816 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Levine, S. L., & Perdew, G. H. (2001) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.59.3.557 · Cited by 17 · see citing works
Ramakrishna, G. (1998) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/19.3.463 · Cited by 15 · see citing works
Dieter, M. Z., Freshwater, S. L., Solis, W. A., Nebert, D. W., & Dalton, T. P. (2002) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/s0006-2952(02)01230-3 · Cited by 9 · see citing works
Flagged first, then by citations
2 of the 83 references couldn’t be matched to a known paper.
Cited by
Sorted by citations
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor: multitasking in the immune system
Stockinger, B., Meglio, P. D., Gialitakis, M., & Duarte, J. H. (2014) · Annual Review of Immunology · doi:10.1146/annurev-immunol-032713-120245 · Cited by 909 · see citing works
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor ligands in cancer: friend and foe
Murray, I. A., Patterson, A. D., & Perdew, G. H. (2014) · Nature reviews. Cancer · doi:10.1038/nrc3846 · Cited by 889 · see citing works
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Complex and the Control of Gene Expression
Beischlag, T. V., Morales, J. L., Hollingshead, B. D., & Perdew, G. H. (2008) · Critical Reviews™ in Eukaryotic Gene Expression · doi:10.1615/critreveukargeneexpr.v18.i3.20 · Cited by 727 · see citing works
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor cross-talks with multiple signal transduction pathways
Puga, A., Ma, C., & Marlowe, J. L. (2008) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2008.08.031 · Cited by 409 · see citing works
Self-citationAh receptor: Dioxin-mediated toxic responses as hints to deregulated physiologic functions
Bock, K. W., & Köhle, C. (2006) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.01.017 · Cited by 339 · see citing works
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor, cell cycle regulation, toxicity, and tumorigenesis
Marlowe, J. L., & Puga, A. (2005) · Journal of Cellular Biochemistry · doi:10.1002/jcb.20656 · Cited by 327 · see citing works
Self-citationMolecular mechanisms of AhR functions in the regulation of cytochrome P450 genes
Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., & Mimura, J. (2005) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2005.08.162 · Cited by 290 · see citing works
Role of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor in Carcinogenesis and Potential as a Drug Target
Safe, S. H., Lee, S., & Jin, U.-H. (2013) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kft128 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Okey, A. (2007) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfm096 · Cited by 264 · see citing works
Pocar, P., Fischer, B., Klonisch, T. C., & Hombach‐Klonisch, S. (2005) · Reproduction · doi:10.1530/rep.1.00294 · Cited by 197 · see citing works
Hahn, M. E., Allan, L. L., & Sherr, D. H. (2008) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.016 · Cited by 177 · see citing works
Regulating the regulator: Factors that control levels and activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor
Harper, P. A., Riddick, D. S., & Okey, A. B. (2006) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2006.01.007 · Cited by 160 · see citing works
Role of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in drug metabolism
Ramadoss, P., Marcus, C. B., & Perdew, G. H. (2005) · Expert Opinion on Drug Metabolism & Toxicology · doi:10.1517/17425255.1.1.9 · Cited by 144 · see citing works
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Binds to E2F1 and Inhibits E2F1-induced Apoptosis
Marlowe, J. L., Fan, Y., Chang, X., Peng, L. H., Knudsen, E. S., Xia, Y., & Puga, A. (2008) · Molecular Biology of the Cell · doi:10.1091/mbc.e08-04-0359 · Cited by 131 · see citing works
Self-citationFujii‐Kuriyama, Y., & Kawajiri, K. (2010) · Proceedings of the Japan Academy Series B · doi:10.2183/pjab.86.40 · Cited by 128 · see citing works
The Anti-Inflammatory Drug Leflunomide Is an Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
O'Donnell, E. F., Saili, K. S., Koch, D. C., Kopparapu, P. R., Farrer, D., Bisson, W. H., Mathew, L. K., Sengupta, S., Kerkvliet, N. I., Tanguay, R. L., et al. (2010) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0013128 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
A role for the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in mammary gland tumorigenesis
Schlezinger, J. J., Liu, D., Farago, M., Seldin, D. C., Belguise, K., Sonenshein, G. E., & Sherr, D. H. (2006) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2006.145 · Cited by 125 · see citing works
Adverse Health Effects in Humans Exposed to 2,3,7,8-Tetrachlorodibenzo-p-Dioxin (TCDD)
Pelclová, D., Urban, P., Preiss, J., Lukáš, E., Fenclová, Z., Navrátil, T., Dubská, Z., & Šenholdová, Z. (2006) · Reviews on Environmental Health · doi:10.1515/reveh.2006.21.2.119 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Duarte, J. H., Meglio, P. D., Hirota, K., Ahlfors, H., & Stockinger, B. (2013) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0079819 · Cited by 124 · see citing works
Microarray analysis of the AHR system: Tissue-specific flexibility in signal and target genes
Frericks, M., Meissner, M., & Esser, C. (2007) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2007.01.014 · Cited by 122 · see citing works
Williamson, M. A. (2004) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi031 · Cited by 117 · see citing works
Uno, S. (2004) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2004.01.014 · Cited by 115 · see citing works
Analysis of zebrafish cyp19 promoters
Tong, S., & Chung, B. (2003) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/s0960-0760(03)00347-9 · Cited by 111 · see citing works
A catalog of single nucleotide changes distinguishing modern humans from archaic hominins
Kuhlwilm, M., & Boeckx, C. (2019) · Scientific Reports · doi:10.1038/s41598-019-44877-x · Cited by 108 · see citing works
How the AHR Became Important in Cancer: The Role of Chronically Active AHR in Cancer Aggression
Wang, Z., Snyder, M., Kenison, J. E., Yang, K., Lara, B., Lydell, E., Bennani, K., Novikov, O., Federico, A. N., Monti, S., et al. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22010387 · Cited by 107 · see citing works
Nagayoshi, H., Kakimoto, K., Takagi, S., Konishi, Y., Kajimura, K., & Matsuda, T. (2014) · Environmental Science & Technology · doi:10.1021/es503926w · Cited by 105 · see citing works
Medjakovic, S., & Jungbauer, A. (2007) · The Journal of Steroid Biochemistry and Molecular Biology · doi:10.1016/j.jsbmb.2007.10.001 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Chang, X., Fan, Y., Karyala, S. V., Schwemberger, S. J., Tomlinson, C. R., Sartor, M. A., & Puga, A. (2007) · Molecular and Cellular Biology · doi:10.1128/mcb.00323-07 · Cited by 103 · see citing works
Self-citationDioxin-responsive AHRE-II gene battery: identification by phylogenetic footprinting
Boutros, P. C., Moffat, I. D., Franc, M. A., Tijet, N., Tuomisto, J., Pohjanvirta, R., & Okey, A. B. (2004) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2004.06.177 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
The complex biology of aryl hydrocarbon receptor activation in cancer and beyond
Opitz, C. A., Holfelder, P., Prentzell, M. T., & Trump, S. (2023) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115798 · Cited by 101 · see citing works
Mulero‐Navarro, S., Pozo‐Guisado, E., Pérez-Mancera, P. A., Alvarez, A. M., Catalina‐Fernández, I., Hernández‐Nieto, E., Sáenz‐Santamaría, J., Martínez, N., Rojas, J. M., Sánchez-Garcı́a, I., et al. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m504538200 · Cited by 100 · see citing works
Chen, W.-C., Chang, L.-H., Huang, S.-S., Huang, Y., Chih, C.-L., Kuo, H., Lee, Y., & Lee, I. (2019) · Journal of Neuroinflammation · doi:10.1186/s12974-019-1572-7 · Cited by 98 · see citing works
Ogiso, H., Kagi, N., Matsumoto, E., Nishimoto, M., Arai, R., Shirouzu, M., Mimura, J., Fujii-Kuriyama, Y., & Yokoyama, S. (2004) · Biochemistry · doi:10.1021/bi048736m · Cited by 91 · see citing works
Barnes, S., Knudsen, K. E., & Puga, A. (2004) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.104.000356 · Cited by 94 · see citing works
Self-citationThe arylhydrocarbon receptor repressor (AhRR): structure, expression, and function
Haarmann‐Stemmann, T., & Abel, J. (2006) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2006.147 · Cited by 88 · see citing works
Yang, X., Liu, D., Murray, T. J., Mitchell, G. C., Hestermann, E. V., Karchner, S. I., Merson, R. R., Hahn, M. E., & Sherr, D. H. (2005) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/sj.onc.1208938 · Cited by 86 · see citing works
Vásquez, A. A., Atallah‐Yunes, N., Smith, F. C., You, X., Chase, S. E., Silverstone, A. E., & Vikstrom, K. L. (2003) · Cardiovascular Toxicology · doi:10.1385/ct:3:2:153 · Cited by 84 · see citing works
Andrysík, Z., Vondráček, J., Machala, M., Krčmář, P., Sindlerova, L. S., Kranz, A., Weiß, C., Faust, D., Kozubı́k, A., & Dietrich, C. (2006) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2006.10.004 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Ahmed, S., Valen, E., Sandelin, A., & Matthews, J. B. (2009) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfp144 · Cited by 83 · see citing works
Murray, T. J., Yang, X., & Sherr, D. H. (2006) · Breast Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/bcr1391 · Cited by 82 · see citing works
Agudo‐Barriuso, M., Pérez-Marín, M. C., Sobrado‐Calvo, P., ̈nngren, U. L., Salinas‐Navarro, M., Cánovas, I., Nadal-Nicolás, F. M., Miralles-Imperial, J., Hallböök, F., & Vidal‐Sanz, M. (2009) · Investigative Ophthalmology & Visual Science · doi:10.1167/iovs.08-2404 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Mediates Leflunomide-Induced Growth Inhibition of Melanoma Cells
O’Donnell, E. F., Kopparapu, P., Koch, D. C., Jang, H. S., Phillips, J. L., Tanguay, R. L., Kerkvliet, N. I., & Kolluri, S. K. (2012) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0040926 · Cited by 81 · see citing works
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor and light
Rannug, A., & Fritsche, E. (2006) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2006.143 · Cited by 79 · see citing works
MacPherson, L., & Matthews, J. B. (2010) · Cancer Letters · doi:10.1016/j.canlet.2010.08.010 · Cited by 80 · see citing works
Goedtke, L., Sprenger, H., Hofmann, U., Schmidt, F. F., Hammer, H., Zanger, U. M., Poetz, O., Seidel, A., Braeuning, A., & Hessel‐Pras, S. (2020) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22010372 · Cited by 77 · see citing works
Collins, L. L., Williamson, M. A., Thompson, B. D., Dever, D. P., Gasiewicz, T. A., & Opanashuk, L. A. (2008) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfn017 · Cited by 76 · see citing works
TCDD activates Mdm2 and attenuates the p53 response to DNA damaging agents
Pääjärvi, G., Viluksela, M., Pohjanvirta, R., Stenius, U., & Högberg, J. (2004) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgh289 · Cited by 74 · see citing works
Brauze, D., Widerak, M., Cwykiel, J. M., Szyfter, K., & Baer‐Dubowska, W. (2006) · Toxicology Letters · doi:10.1016/j.toxlet.2006.09.010 · Cited by 70 · see citing works
Chramostová, K., Vondráček, J., Sindlerova, L. S., Vojtěšek, B., Kozubı́k, A., & Machala, M. (2004) · Toxicology and Applied Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.taap.2003.12.008 · Cited by 69 · see citing works
Role of mitogen-activated protein kinases in aryl hydrocarbon receptor signaling
Henklová, P., Vrzal, R., Jitka Ulrichová, A., & Dvořák, Z. (2008) · Chemico-Biological Interactions · doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2007.12.005 · Cited by 65 · see citing works
Loss of dioxin-receptor expression accelerates wound healing in vivo by a mechanism involving TGFβ
Carvajal-González, J. M., Román, Á., Cerezo-Guisado, M. I., Rico-Leo, E. M., Martín‐Partido, G., & Fernández‐Salguero, P. M. (2009) · Journal of Cell Science · doi:10.1242/jcs.047274 · Cited by 64 · see citing works
Induction of Oxidative Stress Responses by Dioxin and other Ligands of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Reichard, J. F., Dalton, T. P., Shertzer, H. G., & Puga, A. (2005) · Dose-Response · doi:10.2203/dose-response.003.03.003 · Cited by 63 · see citing works
Self-citationActivation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by TCDD inhibits senescence: A tumor promoting event?
Ray, S. S., & Swanson, H. I. (2008) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2008.11.022 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
Hansen, D. A., Esakky, P., Drury, A. M., Lamb, L. E., & Moley, K. H. (2013) · Biology of Reproduction · doi:10.1095/biolreprod.113.108845 · Cited by 62 · see citing works
The Landscape of AhR Regulators and Coregulators to Fine-Tune AhR Functions
Gargaro, M., Scalisi, G., Manni, G., Mondanelli, G., Grohmann, U., & Fallarino, F. (2021) · International Journal of Molecular Sciences · doi:10.3390/ijms22020757 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Kashuba, E., Gradin, K., Isaguliants, M., Székely, L., Poellinger, L., Klein, G., & Kazlauskas, A. (2005) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1074/jbc.m509036200 · Cited by 60 · see citing works
Cheon, H. J., Woo, Y.-S., Lee, J. Y., Kim, H. S., Kim, H. J., Cho, S., Won, N. H., & Sohn, J. (2007) · Experimental & Molecular Medicine · doi:10.1038/emm.2007.58 · Cited by 59 · see citing works
Lavine, J. A., Rowatt, A. J., Klimova, T., Whitington, A. J., Dengler, E., Beck, C., & Powell, W. H. (2005) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi228 · Cited by 57 · see citing works
Tiong, C. T., Chen, C., Zhang, S. J., Li, J., Soshilov, A. A., Denison, M. S., Lee, L., Tam, V. H., Wong, S. P., Xu, H. E., et al. (2012) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgs110 · Cited by 54 · see citing works
Salminen, A. (2022) · Cellular and Molecular Life Sciences · doi:10.1007/s00018-022-04520-x · Cited by 56 · see citing works
Induction and activation of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor by IL-4 in B cells
Tanaka, G., Kanaji, S., Hirano, A., Arima, K., Shinagawa, A., Goda, C., Yasunaga, S., Ikizawa, K., Yanagihara, Y., Kubo, M., et al. (2005) · International Immunology · doi:10.1093/intimm/dxh260 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
The impact of low-dose carcinogens and environmental disruptors on tissue invasion and metastasis
Ochieng, J., Nangami, G. N., Ogunkua, O., Miousse, I. R., Koturbash, I., Odero-Marah, V., McCawley, L. J., Nangia‐Makker, P., Ahmed, N., Luqmani, Y., et al. (2015) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgv034 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Nakatsuru, Y., Wakabayashi, K., Fujii‐Kuriyama, Y., Ishikawa, T., Kusama, K., & Ide, F. (2004) · International Journal of Cancer · doi:10.1002/ijc.20365 · Cited by 53 · see citing works
Vondráček, J. (2004) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfi009 · Cited by 52 · see citing works
Sovadinová, I., Bláha, L., Janošek, J., Hilscherová, K., Giesy, J. P., Jones, P. D., & Holoubek, I. (2006) · Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry · doi:10.1897/05-388r.1 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Vrzal, R., Jitka Ulrichová, A., & Dvořák, Z. (2004) · Biomedical Papers · doi:10.5507/bp.2004.001 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Yang, S. Y. C., Ahmed, S., Satheesh, S. V., & Matthews, J. B. (2017) · Archives of Toxicology · doi:10.1007/s00204-017-2022-x · Cited by 51 · see citing works
Koch, D. C., Jang, H. S., O’Donnell, E. F., Punj, S., Kopparapu, P., Bisson, W. H., Kerkvliet, N. I., & Kolluri, S. K. (2015) · Oncogene · doi:10.1038/onc.2015.55 · Cited by 51 · see citing works
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Pathway and Sexual Differentiation of Neuroendocrine Functions
Petersen, S. L., Krishnan, S., & Hudgens, E. D. (2006) · Endocrinology · doi:10.1210/en.2005-1157 · Cited by 50 · see citing works
Nault, R., Fader, K. A., Kirby, M. P., Ahmed, S., Matthews, J. B., Jones, A. D., Lunt, S. Y., & Zacharewski, T. R. (2015) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfv245 · Cited by 49 · see citing works
The aryl hydrocarbon receptor at the crossroads of multiple signaling pathways.
Ma, C., Marlowe, J., & Puga, A. (2009) · EXS · doi:10.1007/978-3-7643-8336-7_9 · Cited by 48 · see citing works
Self-citationLiu, D., Pan, L., Cai, Y., Li, Z., & Miao, J. (2014) · Environmental Pollution · doi:10.1016/j.envpol.2014.02.013 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Interaction between organochlorines and the AHR gene, and risk of non-Hodgkin lymphoma
Ng, C., Janoo-Gilani, R., Sipahimalani, P., Gallagher, R. P., Gascoyne, R. D., Connors, J. M., Weber, J., Lai, A. S., Leach, S. R., Le, N. D., et al. (2009) · Cancer Causes & Control · doi:10.1007/s10552-009-9429-5 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
TCDD-mediated alterations in the AhR-dependent pathway in Seveso, Italy, 20 years after the accident
Landi, M. T. (2003) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgg002 · Cited by 46 · see citing works
Mechanistic features of recombination in HIV.
Galetto, R., & Negroni, M. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Latchney, S. E., Lioy, D. T., Henry, E. C., Gasiewicz, T. A., Strathmann, F. G., Mayer‐Pröschel, M., & Opanashuk, L. A. (2010) · Stem Cells and Development · doi:10.1089/scd.2009.0529 · Cited by 45 · see citing works
Cirillo, F., Lappano, R., Bruno, L., Rizzuti, B., Grande, F., Guzzi, R., Briguori, S., Miglietta, A., Nakajima, M., Martino, M. T. D., et al. (2019) · Journal of Experimental & Clinical Cancer Research · doi:10.1186/s13046-019-1337-2 · Cited by 47 · see citing works
Kalmes, M., Hennen, J., Clemens, J., & Blömeke, B. (2011) · Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1515/bc.2011.067 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Madak‐Erdogan, Z., & Katzenellenbogen, B. S. (2011) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfr300 · Cited by 44 · see citing works
Huang, C., Lee, C., Chang, K., Chang, W., Liu, Y.-W., Lee, J., & Chen, B. (2015) · Oncotarget · doi:10.18632/oncotarget.3448 · Cited by 43 · see citing works
Huang, X., Xu, X., Dai, Y., Cheng, Z., Zheng, X., & Huo, X. (2020) · The Science of The Total Environment · doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138009 · Cited by 42 · see citing works
Nuclear receptors in the cross-talk of drug metabolism and inflammation
Gerbal‐Chaloin, S., Iankova, I., Maurel, P., & Daujat‐Chavanieu, M. (2013) · Drug Metabolism Reviews · doi:10.3109/03602532.2012.756011 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
The Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Contributes to the Proliferation of Human Medulloblastoma Cells
Dever, D. P., & Opanashuk, L. A. (2012) · Molecular Pharmacology · doi:10.1124/mol.111.077305 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Vondráček, J., Sindlerova, L. S., Pěnčíková, K., Krčmář, P., Andrysík, Z., Chramostová, K., Marvanová, S., Valovičová, Z., Kozubı́k, A., Gábelová, A., et al. (2006) · Mutation research. Fundamental and molecular mechanisms of mutagenesis · doi:10.1016/j.mrfmmm.2005.11.005 · Cited by 41 · see citing works
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) impairs circadian regulation: Impact on the aging process
Salminen, A. (2023) · Ageing Research Reviews · doi:10.1016/j.arr.2023.101928 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Cho, Y. C., Zheng, W., Yamamoto, M., Liu, X., Hanlon, P. R., & Jefcoate, C. R. E. (2005) · Archives of Biochemistry and Biophysics · doi:10.1016/j.abb.2005.04.025 · Cited by 38 · see citing works
Luckert, C., Hessel‐Pras, S., Lenze, D., & Lampen, A. (2015) · Toxicology in Vitro · doi:10.1016/j.tiv.2015.06.021 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Singhal, R., Shankar, K., Badger, T. M., & Ronis, M. J. J. (2008) · Carcinogenesis · doi:10.1093/carcin/bgm288 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
The p53 Inhibitor Pifithrin-α Is a Potent Agonist of the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor
Hoagland, M. S., Hoagland, E. M., & Swanson, H. I. (2005) · Journal of Pharmacology and Experimental Therapeutics · doi:10.1124/jpet.105.084186 · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Microarray Data Mining for Potential Selenium Targets in Chemoprevention of Prostate Cancer.
Zhang, H., Dong, Y., Zhao, H., Brooks, J. D., Hawthorn, L., Nowak, N. J., Marshall, J. R., Gao, A. C., & Ip, C. C. Y. (2005) · PubMed · Cited by 37 · see citing works
Funatake, C. J. (2004) · Toxicological Sciences · doi:10.1093/toxsci/kfh245 · Cited by 36 · see citing works
FOXA1 Is Essential for Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor–Dependent Regulation of Cyclin G2
Ahmed, S., Al-Saigh, S., & Matthews, J. B. (2012) · Molecular Cancer Research · doi:10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-11-0502 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Vuori, K. A. M., & Nikinmaa, M. (2007) · AMBIO · doi:10.1579/0044-7447(2007)36[168:msibsa]2.0.co;2 · Cited by 33 · see citing works
Aryl hydrocarbon receptor biology and xenobiotic responses in hematopoietic progenitor cells
Hirabayashi, Y., & Inoue, T. (2008) · Biochemical Pharmacology · doi:10.1016/j.bcp.2008.09.030 · Cited by 32 · see citing works
Portaz, A. C. D. T., Caimi, G. R., Sánchez, M., Chiappini, F., Randi, A. S., de Pisarev, D. L. K., & Álvarez, L. (2015) · Toxicology · doi:10.1016/j.tox.2015.07.013 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Ji, C., Magnuson, J. T., Zhang, W., & Zhao, M. (2020) · Journal of Hazardous Materials · doi:10.1016/j.jhazmat.2020.123893 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Nault, R., Fader, K. A., Harkema, J. R., & Zacharewski, T. R. (2017) · PLoS ONE · doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0184842 · Cited by 31 · see citing works
Guo, B., Xu, Z., Yan, X., Buttino, I., Li, J., Zhou, C., & Qi, P. (2020) · Frontiers in Marine Science · doi:10.3389/fmars.2020.00119 · Cited by 30 · see citing works
Insulin like growth factor 2 regulation of aryl hydrocarbon receptor in MCF-7 breast cancer cells
Tomblin, J. K., & Salisbury, T. B. (2014) · Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications · doi:10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.12.112 · Cited by 29 · see citing works
Yin, X., Chen, J., Mao, W., Wang, Y., & Chen, M. (2013) · Oncology Reports · doi:10.3892/or.2013.2410 · Cited by 28 · see citing works
- Authors
- Puga, A., Xia, Y., & Elferink, C.
- Affiliations
- University of Cincinnati Medical Center (US)
- The University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (US)
- Corresponding author
- Puga, Alvaro
- Venue
- Chemico-Biological Interactions
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2002-09
- Volume
- 141
- Issue
- 1-2
- Pages
- 117-130
- ISSN
- 0009-2797 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2139905874
- Cited by
- 192
- References
- 83
- Citations by year
- 2026: 1 · 2025: 2 · 2024: 6 · 2023: 4 · 2022: 6 · 2021: 6 · 2020: 8 · 2019: 6 · 2018: 3 · 2017: 5 · 2016: 5 · 2015: 8 · 2014: 5 · 2013: 10 · 2012: 11
- FWCI
- 8.96
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- Chemico-Biological Interactions (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Funders
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (R01ES007800, R01ES010807, ES10807, P30ES006096, R01 ES07800, R01ES006273, P30 ES-06096, R01 ES-06273)
- Topics
- Physical Sciences › Environmental Science › Health, Toxicology and Mutagenesis › Toxic Organic Pollutants Impact
- Life Sciences › Pharmacology, Toxicology and Pharmaceutics › Pharmacology › Pharmacogenetics and Drug Metabolism
- Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Molecular Biology › Genomics, phytochemicals, and oxidative stress
- Keywords
- aryl hydrocarbon receptor, cell cycle regulation, mitogen-activated protein kinase, Ras signaling, retinoblastoma protein, signal transduction, transcription factors, drug-metabolizing enzymes
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Cell Cycle, Gene Expression Regulation, Phosphorylation, Xenobiotics, Signal Transduction, Oncogene Proteins, Genes, Tumor Suppressor, Receptors, Aryl Hydrocarbon
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review