CoChat
Sign Up
Cited by 239Reproductive Health and ContraceptionEstrogen and related hormone effectsOvarian function and disorders

The DOI matches its Crossref record; 40 of the 40 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.

Effect of four different oral contraceptives on various sex hormones and serum-binding globulins

Wiegratz, I., Kutschera, E., Lee, J.H., Moore, C., Mellinger, U., Winkler, U.H., Kuhl, H.·2003·Contraception
DOI 10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00436-5
Open this paper in CoChat — free account

Abstract

In a double-blind, controlled, randomized, four-arm, bicentric clinical study, the effect of four oral contraceptives (OCs) on various hormone parameters and serum-binding globulins was investigated. Four groups with 25 volunteers each (18-35 years of age) were treated for six cycles with monophasic combinations containing 21 tablets with either 30 microg ethinylestradiol (EE) + 2 mg dienogest (DNG) (30EE/DNG), 20 microg EE + 2 mg DNG (20EE/DNG), 10 microg EE + 2 mg estradiol valerate (EV) + 2 mg DNG (EE/EV/DNG) or 20 microg EE + 100 microg levonorgestrel (LNG) (EE/LNG). The study was completed by 91 subjects. Blood samples were taken after at least 12 h of fasting on Day 21-26 of the preceding control cycle and on Day 18-21 of the first, third and sixth treatment cycle. The serum concentrations of free testosterone were significantly decreased by about 40-60% in all four groups, while those of dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS) showed a time-dependent decrease during treatment. Except for EE/EV/DNG, which increased prolactin significantly during the third and sixth cycles, no change was observed with the EE-containing preparations. There was a significant increase in the levels of serum-binding globulins during treatment, which differed according to the composition of the OCs used. The rise in sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) was highest during intake of 30EE/DNG (+320%) and lowest with EE/LNG (+80%), while the effect of 20EE/DNG and EE/EV/DNG was similar (+270%). The thyroxine-binding globulin (TBG) levels increased significantly, by 50-60%, during treatment with the DNG-containing formulations, while the effect of EE/LNG was less significant (+30%). The rise in corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which occurred in all groups, was most pronounced in women treated with 30EE/DNG (+90%) and least with EE/EV/DNG (+55%), indicating a strong influence of EE and no effect of the progestogen component. In all treatment groups, the frequency of intracyclic bleeding rose in the first treatment cycle and decreased thereafter. Cycle control was significantly better with 30EE/DNG or EE/LNG than with 20EE/DNG or EE/EV/DNG. There was no significant change in blood pressure, body mass index or pulse rate throughout the study. In conclusion, the DNG-containing OCs caused a higher rise in SHBG and TBG levels than the LNG-containing preparation. The effects on CBG suggest a lesser hepatic effect of 2 mg EV as compared to 20 or 30 microg EE. In contrast to EE, the use of estradiol in OCs appeared to increase prolactin release, while the cycle control was better with the OC containing 30 microg EE.

Overview

Integrity signals

Registry

Crossref · 10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00436-5

Cites

40 of 40 references verified0 citation errors · 0 not checkable

Statistics

Recomputing p-values needs the paper’s full text.

Verification

Claims the paper makes

This paper’s full text isn’t openly available, so its claims and self-check weren’t run. The registry and citation checks still apply.

Claims other papers make about this one

Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?

Citations

Cites

Show all 40 references

Research works printed but not linked: 2

  1. Gaspard, 1983, Plasma hormone levels in women receiving new oral contraceptives containing ethinylestradiol plus levonorgestrel or desogestrel, Contraception, 27, 577, 10.1016/0010-7824(83)90023-9 · DOI
  2. Luciano, 1985, Hyperprolactinemia and contraception, Obstet Gynecol, 63, 506

Cited by

Sorted by citations

Items 201–239 of 239

Related

See all

Metadata

Authors
Wiegratz, I., Kutschera, E., Lee, J. H., Moore, C., Mellinger, U., Winkler, U. H., & Kuhl, H.
Affiliations
Goethe University Frankfurt (DE)
Venue
Contraception
Publisher
Elsevier BV
Published
2003-01
Volume
67
Issue
1
Pages
25-32
ISSN
0010-7824 (ISSN-L)
DOI
10.1016/s0010-7824(02)00436-5
OpenAlex
W2002526921
Cited by
239
References
40
Citations by year
2026: 6 · 2025: 10 · 2024: 10 · 2023: 10 · 2022: 12 · 2021: 10 · 2020: 13 · 2019: 14 · 2018: 9 · 2017: 8 · 2016: 13 · 2015: 13 · 2014: 10 · 2013: 12 · 2012: 13
FWCI
7.11
Type
journal article
Language
en
Open access
closed
Licence
www.elsevier.com/tdm/userlicense/1.0/ (tdm)
Locations
  • Contraception (publishedVersion)
  • PubMed (publishedVersion)
Topics
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Public Health, Environmental and Occupational Health › Reproductive Health and Contraception
  • Life Sciences › Biochemistry, Genetics and Molecular Biology › Endocrinology › Estrogen and related hormone effects
  • Health Sciences › Medicine › Reproductive Medicine › Ovarian function and disorders
Keywords
oral contraceptives, sex hormones, sex hormone-binding globulin, ethinyl estradiol, dienogest, estradiol valerate, levonorgestrel, free testosterone, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, prolactin, thyroxine-binding globulin, corticosteroid-binding globulin
MeSH terms
Adolescent, Adult, Contraceptives, Oral, Double-Blind Method, Estradiol, Ethinyl Estradiol, Female, Humans, Nandrolone, Reference Values, Sex Hormone-Binding Globulin, Gonadal Steroid Hormones, Testosterone, Thyroxine-Binding Proteins, Treatment Outcome, Levonorgestrel, Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate

About these checks

Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.

Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.

Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.

What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›

Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review