The DOI matches its Crossref record; 11 of the 11 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Biofouling—the Achilles heel of membrane processes
Overview
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
The claims and statistics of this paper haven’t been checked yet.
Run the check — free, no account needed. It reads the open-access text and checks the sources it cites.
Self-check
Percentages, sums and reported differences re-computed from the paper’s own numbers.
The self-check needs the paper’s full text.
Citations
Cites
PROTEIN MEASUREMENT WITH THE FOLIN PHENOL REAGENT
Lowry, O., Rosebrough, N., Farr, A. L., & Randall, R. (1951) · Journal of Biological Chemistry · doi:10.1016/s0021-9258(19)52451-6 · Cited by 317,331
Colorimetric Method for Determination of Sugars and Related Substances
DuBois, M., Gilles, K. A., Hamilton, J. K., Rebers, P. A., & Smith, F. (1956) · Analytical Chemistry · doi:10.1021/ac60111a017 · Cited by 52,269
New method for quantitative determination of uronic acids
Blumenkrantz, N., & Asboe-Hansen, G. (1973) · Analytical Biochemistry · doi:10.1016/0003-2697(73)90377-1 · Cited by 7,140
Internal Reflection Spectroscopy
Harrick, N. J., & Hoffman, J. G. (1968) · Physics Today · doi:10.1063/1.3034675 · Cited by 1,723
Internal Reflection Spectroscopy
Wilks, P. A., & Hirschfeld, T. (1967) · Applied Spectroscopy Reviews · doi:10.1080/05704926708547582 · Cited by 1,478
Enzymatic activity in the activated-sludge floc matrix
Fr�lund, B., Griebe, T., & Nielsen, P. H. (1995) · Applied Microbiology and Biotechnology · doi:10.1007/s002530050481 · Cited by 1,137
Self-citationInactivation of biofilm bacteria
LeChevallier, M. W., Cawthon, C. D., & Lee, R. G. (1988) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.54.10.2492-2499.1988 · Cited by 576
Biofilms — Science and Technology
(1992) · Springer eBooks · doi:10.1007/978-94-011-1824-8 · Cited by 311
Schaule, G., Flemming, H. C., & Ridgway, H. F. (1993) · Applied and Environmental Microbiology · doi:10.1128/aem.59.11.3850-3857.1993 · Cited by 199
Self-citationNichols, P. D., Michael Henson, J., Guckert, J. B., Nivens, D. E., & White, D. C. (1985) · Journal of Microbiological Methods · doi:10.1016/0167-7012(85)90023-5 · Cited by 161
Cited by
Fouling in membrane bioreactors used in wastewater treatment
Le-Clech, P., Chen, V., & Fane, T. A. G. (2006) · Journal of Membrane Science · doi:10.1016/j.memsci.2006.08.019 · Cited by 2,291
Nguyen, T., Roddick, F., & Fan, L. (2012) · Membranes · doi:10.3390/membranes2040804 · Cited by 802
Surface Modification of Water Purification Membranes
Miller, D. J., Dreyer, D. R., Bielawski, C. W., Paul, D. R., & Freeman, B. D. (2017) · Angewandte Chemie International Edition · doi:10.1002/anie.201601509 · Cited by 747
Mikhaylin, S., & Bazinet, L. (2016) · Advances in Colloid and Interface Science · doi:10.1016/j.cis.2015.12.006 · Cited by 429
Ben-Sasson, M., Lu, X., Bar-Zeev, E., Zodrow, K. R., Nejati, S., Qi, G., Giannelis, E. P., & Elimelech, M. (2014) · Water Research · doi:10.1016/j.watres.2014.05.049 · Cited by 296
Metadata
- Authors
- Flemming, H.-C., Schaule, G., Griebe, T., Schmitt, J., & Tamachkiarowa, A.
- Venue
- Desalination
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 1997-11
- Volume
- 113
- Issue
- 2-3
- Pages
- 215-225
- ISSN
- 0011-9164 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W1993075322
- Cited by
- 599
- References
- 11
- FWCI
- 4.14
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
How to cite
Cite CoChat for the checks on this page, and the paper for its own findings.
- This page
- CoChat. (2026). Citation check: Biofouling—the Achilles heel of membrane processes. https://app.cochat.ai/papers/10.1016/s0011-9164(97)00132-x
- The paper
- Flemming, H.-C., Schaule, G., Griebe, T., Schmitt, J., & Tamachkiarowa, A. (1997). Biofouling—the Achilles heel of membrane processes. Desalination. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0011-9164(97)00132-x
Data sources
Bibliographic data: Semantic Scholar, OpenAlex, Crossref.
Contains information from the Semantic Scholar Academic Graph Datasets, made available under the ODC Attribution License (ODC-BY 1.0).
Semantic Scholar’s data is described in: Kinney, R., et al. (2023). The Semantic Scholar Open Data Platform. arXiv:2301.10140.
