The DOI matches its Crossref record; 47 of the 48 references it cites were found in a registry or an index.
Effects of sex and time of day on metabolism and excretion of corticosterone in urine and feces of mice.
Abstract
Non-invasive techniques to monitor stress hormones in small animals like mice offer several advantages and are highly demanded in laboratory as well as in field research. Since knowledge about the species-specific metabolism and excretion of glucocorticoids is essential to develop such a technique, we conducted radiometabolism studies in mice (Mus musculus f. domesticus, strain C57BL/6J). Each mouse was injected intraperitoneally with 740 kBq of 3H-labelled corticosterone and all voided urine and fecal samples were collected for five days. In a first experiment 16 animals (eight of each sex) received the injection at 9 a.m., while eight mice (four of each sex) were injected at 9 p.m. in a second experiment. In both experiments radioactive metabolites were recovered predominantly in the feces, although males excreted significantly higher proportions via the feces (about 73%) than females (about 53%). Peak radioactivity in the urine was detected within about 2h after injection, while in the feces peak concentrations were observed later (depending on the time of injection: about 10h postinjection in experiment 1 and about 4h postinjection in experiment 2, thus proving an effect of the time of day). The number and relative abundance of fecal [3H]corticosterone metabolites was determined by high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The HPLC separations revealed that corticosterone was extensively metabolized mainly to more polar substances. Regarding the types of metabolites…
Overview
Integrity signals
Registry
Cites
Statistics
Verification
Claims the paper makes
Claims other papers make about this one
Each is checked against this paper’s own text: does it say what the citing paper says it does?
In the citing paper
“The faecal corticosteroid assay utilises an antibody for metabolite fractions containing 5a-pregnane-3b,11b,21-triol-20-one, first described by Touma et al. (2003).”
From Stage 2 Registered Report: Refinement of tickling protocols to improve positive animal welfare in laboratory rats (2025) · cites this paper as Touma et al. (2003)
Citations
Cites
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences
Guitton, H., & Siegel, S. (1958) · Revue économique · doi:10.2307/3498751 · Cited by 35,279
Nonparametric Statistics for the Behavioral Sciences.
Whitfield, J. W., & Siegel, S. (1957) · Journal of the Royal Statistical Society Series A (General) · doi:10.2307/2342828 · Cited by 8,017
Physiological functions of glucocorticoids in stress and their relation to pharmacological actions
MUNCK, A., GUYRE, P. M., & HOLBROOK, N. J. (1984) · Endocrine Reviews · doi:10.1210/edrv-5-1-25 · Cited by 3,083
Stress hormones: their interaction and regulation
Axelrod, J., & Reisine, T. D. (1984) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.6143403 · Cited by 1,527
Broom, D. M., & Johnson, K. G. (2019) · Animal welfare · doi:10.1007/978-3-030-32153-6 · Cited by 807
Psychoneuroendocrine influences on immunocompetence and neoplasia
Riley, V. (1981) · Science · doi:10.1126/science.7233204 · Cited by 756
Wasser, S. K., Hunt, K. E., Brown, J. L., Cooper, K., Crockett, C. M., Bechert, U. S., Millspaugh, J. J., Larson, S., & Monfort, S. L. (2000) · General and Comparative Endocrinology · doi:10.1006/gcen.2000.7557 · Cited by 710
Palme, R., & Moestl, E. (1997) · Cited by 525
Self-citationExcretion of infused 14C-steroid hormones via faeces and urine in domestic livestock
Palme, R., Fischer, P., Schildorfer, H., & Ismail, M. N. (1996) · Animal Reproduction Science · doi:10.1016/0378-4320(95)01458-6 · Cited by 410
Self-citationThe Concept of Stress and Its Relevance for Animal Behavior
von Holst, D. (1998) · Advances in the study of behavior · doi:10.1016/s0065-3454(08)60362-9 · Cited by 396
Research works printed but not linked: 2
- Brown, 1997, Faecal steroid analysis for monitoring ovarian and testicular function in diverse wild carnivore, primate and ungulate species, Mamm. Biol. Suppl. II, 62, 27
- Warner, 1981, Rate of passage of digesta through the gut of mammals and birds, Nutr. Abstr. Rev. Ser. B, 51, 789
Cited by
Sorted by citations
Measuring stress in wildlife: techniques for quantifying glucocorticoids
Sheriff, M. J., Dantzer, B., Delehanty, B., Palme, R., & Boonstra, R. (2011) · Oecologia · doi:10.1007/s00442-011-1943-y · Cited by 919
Self-citationMeasuring Fecal Glucocorticoid Metabolites in Mammals and Birds: The Importance of Validation
TOUMA, C., & PALME, R. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1343.006 · Cited by 844
Self-citationNon-invasive measurement of glucocorticoids: Advances and problems
Palme, R. (2018) · Physiology & Behavior · doi:10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.021 · Cited by 638
Self-citationPALME, R., RETTENBACHER, S., TOUMA, C., EL‐BAHR, S. M., & MÖSTL, E. (2005) · Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences · doi:10.1196/annals.1327.021 · Cited by 598
Self-citationAntidepressants recruit new neurons to improve stress response regulation
Surget, A., Tanti, A., Leonardo, E. D., Laugeray, A., Rainer, Q., Touma, C., Palme, R., Griebel, G., Ibarguen-Vargas, Y., Hen, R., et al. (2011) · Molecular Psychiatry · doi:10.1038/mp.2011.48 · Cited by 471
Self-citation
Metadata
- Authors
- Touma, C., Sachser, N., Möstl, E., & Palme, R.
- Affiliations
- University of Münster (DE)
- University of Veterinary Medicine Vienna (AT)
- Corresponding author
- Touma, Chadi
- Venue
- General and Comparative Endocrinology
- Publisher
- Elsevier BV
- Published
- 2003-02
- Volume
- 130
- Issue
- 3
- Pages
- 267-278
- ISSN
- 0016-6480 (ISSN-L)
- OpenAlex
- W2011027148
- Cited by
- 581
- References
- 48
- Citations by year
- 2026: 25 · 2025: 22 · 2024: 23 · 2023: 25 · 2022: 40 · 2021: 29 · 2020: 54 · 2019: 45 · 2018: 37 · 2017: 24 · 2016: 28 · 2015: 28 · 2014: 25 · 2013: 26 · 2012: 26
- FWCI
- 4.90
- Type
- journal article
- Language
- en
- Open access
- closed
- Locations
- General and Comparative Endocrinology (publishedVersion)
- PubMed (publishedVersion)
- Topics
- Life Sciences › Neuroscience › Behavioral Neuroscience › Stress Responses and Cortisol
- Life Sciences › Agricultural and Biological Sciences › Animal Science and Zoology › Animal Behavior and Welfare Studies
- Health Sciences › Medicine › Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism › Adrenal Hormones and Disorders
- Keywords
- corticosterone metabolism, glucocorticoid metabolites, sex differences, circadian rhythm, time of day, fecal corticosterone, adrenocortical function, enzyme immunoassay, radiometabolism, mice, C57BL/6J mice
- MeSH terms
- Animals, Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid, Circadian Rhythm, Corticosterone, Feces, Female, Immunoenzyme Techniques, Kinetics, Male, Mice, Inbred C57BL, Reference Values, Sex Factors, Stress, Physiological, Time Factors, Tritium, Mice
About these checks
Registry, retraction, Cites and statistics results are computed, not judged, with one exception: a printed reference that no index lists is read once by a model before it counts as a citation error. Claims are extracted by a model and kept only when their quote appears verbatim in the text; each cited source is then checked, with a model’s help, for whether it says what the claim relies on. Those verdicts can be wrong — read the claim’s quote and the cited source before relying on one.
Statistics and arithmetic are recomputed, not judged.
Confidence bands are shown only for fields calibrated on our annotated test set. None is calibrated yet, so no band is shown.
What counts as a claim ›How we measure confidence ›How we check this ›
Are you an author, or do you see a problem with this page? Request a review
